Chapter 16 Test Review

Question 1

Components of the endocrine system

Answer 1

Endocrine glands and hormones

Question 2

Function of endocrine system

Answer 2

Produces substances that regulate the activity of cells and organs

Regulate the body’s growth, metabolism and sexual development and function

Question 3

Comparison of nervous and endocrine systems

Answer 3

Nervous system exerts point to point control through nerves and is electrical in nature and very fast acting

Endocrine system broadcasts messages by secretion if hormones into interstitial fluid and blood and is much slower acting

Question 4

Types of glands

Answer 4

Endocrine (ductless) and exocrine (ducts)

Question 5

Definition of a mixed gland

Answer 5

Contains both endocrine and exocrine portions

Pancreas

Question 6

Definition of an endocrine hormone

Answer 6

Produces by cells in small amounts and released into the blood stream and transported to distant organs to affect their action

Question 7

Substances hormones are derived from

Answer 7

Amino acids (water soluble)- norepinephrine, epinephrine, oxytocin, insulin

Steroids (non water soluble)- cholesterol, cortisol, sex hormones

Question 8

Target cells

Answer 8

Specific cell that a hormone will affect

Target cells bear receptors for those specific hormones

Question 9

Types of stimuli for hormone secretion

Answer 9

Humoral
Hormonal
Neural

Question 10

Major endocrine glands

Answer 10

Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, parathyroid, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas

Question 11

Lobes of pituitary gland

Answer 11

Anterior and posterior

Located below the hypothalamus

Question 12

Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Answer 12

Produces 6 different hormones:

Thyroid stimulating hormone adrenocorticotropin
prolactin 
growth hormone
luteinizing hormone 
follicle stimulating hormone

Question 13

Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

Answer 13

Stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus

• antidiuretic hormone
• oxytocin

Question 14

Major endocrine organs

Answer 14

Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenals

Question 15

Thyroid

Answer 15

Metabolism, growth, development

Follicles produce thyroid hormone (TH)(iodine + tyrosine)

C cells produce hormone called calcitonin

Increase the overall metabolic rate

Question 16

Parathyroid

Answer 16

Produces parathyroid hormone controlling calcium balance in the blood

Parathormone increases calcium levels

Calcitonin reduces calcium levels

Question 17

Adrenals

Answer 17

Steroid hormone production

Produce epinephrine, norepinephrine, sex hormones (increase protein metabolism), glucocorticoids (cortisol, increase supply of glucose), mineral corticoids (regulates water and electrolyte balance).