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A & P I > Chapter 12 Test Review- The Brain > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Test Review- The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Major divisions of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum

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2
Q

Gray matter

A

Unmyelinated axons

Outer cover of cerebrum forming the cerebral cortex

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3
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axons

Located under the gray matter, forms tracts

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4
Q

Basal nuclei

A

Gray matter burrows deep to white matter of central hemispheres on either side of diencephalon

Inhibits involuntary movements and initiates voluntary movements

Disorders result in Parkinson’s disease

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5
Q

Gyri

A

Elevated ridges of brain tissue

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6
Q

Sulci

A

Shallow grooves

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7
Q

Fissures

A

Deep grooves

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8
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Deep groove separating the two hemispheres of the brain

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9
Q

5 lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula

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10
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Contains prefrontal cortex and premotor cortex and primary motor cortex

Responsible for higher mental function and motor function

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11
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Primary (post-central gyrus) and association somatosensory cortices.

Receives somatic sensory information from touch, pressure, temperature, vibration etc. and monitors and interprets it (general senses)

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12
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Contains primary and association visual cortex

Receives visual information, monitors and interprets the results

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13
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Primary and association auditory and olfactory vortices

Receives, monitors and interprets information

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14
Q

Insula

A

Contains primary and association gustatory cortices

Receiving and interpreting gustatory information

Responsible for taste and other special senses

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15
Q

Pre-central gyrus

A

Motor area

Anterior to the central sulcus

Controls voluntary movements

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16
Q

Post-central gyrus

A

Posterior to central sulcus

Main sensory receptive area for touch

Lateral parietal lobe

17
Q

Association areas

A

Integration and processing of sensory data

Processing and initiation of motor activities

18
Q

Central sulcus

A

Separates frontal and parietal lobes and the pre and post-central gyri

19
Q

Commissures (commissural fibers)

A

Axons that connect the two hemispheres of the brain (corpus callosum)

20
Q

Association fibers

A

Connect regions within the same hemisphere of the brain

21
Q

Projection fibers

A

Connect each region to other parts of the brain or spinal cord

22
Q

Subdivisions of diencephalon

A

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus

23
Q

Epithalamus

A

Pineal gland, choroid plexus

Produces cerebral spinal fluid

24
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays all sensory information to the cerebral cortex

Basal nuclei and cerebellum

Mediates sensations

Surrounds the third ventricle

25
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls major endocrine functions and autonomic functions

26
Q

Subthalamus

A

Two endocrine glands:

Pituitary gland and hypothalamus

27
Q

Brain stem subdivisions

A

Pons

Mesencephalon

Medulla oblongata

28
Q

Pons

A

Contains motor tracts

Communication between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord

29
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Involved in body movement and auditory and visual reflexes

30
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Motor outputs and sensory inputs

31
Q

Cerebellum connection to brain stem

A

Connected by 3 peduncles:

Superior
Middle
Inferior

32
Q

Brain stem relation to the ANS

A

The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions and connects higher levels of brain to the spinal cord

Also regulates basic function of the ANS: respiration, cardiac center

Reticular formation forms much of core of brain stem-responsible for sleep/wake cycle

33
Q

Location and function of reticular activating system (RAS)

A

Formation of neuronal cell bodies that form a mesh work in the central core of brain stem

Responsible for the sleep/wake cycle, mediating levels of alertness

34
Q

Structure and function of cerebellum

A

Cerebellum cortex

Folia

Arbor vitae

Vermis

Peduncles

35
Q

Major function of cerebellum

A

Coordinates ongoing voluntary body movements and reduces motor error

36
Q

3 meninges surrounding the brain and the spaces between them

A 
Dura mater
(Subdural space)
Arachnoid Mater
(Subarachnoid space)
Pia mater
37
Q

Ventricles of the brain

A

Lateral ventricles separated by septum pellucidum

Third and fourth ventricles

All filled with cerebrospinal fluid

38
Q

Site of cerebrospinal fluid production, drainage and circulation

A

CSF produces in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles

Is drained into the venous circulation

Flows from lateral ventricles into third ventricle through the interventricular foramen

Third and fourth ventricles connected by the cerebral aqueduct

A & P I (18 decks)

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