Chapter 8: Special Senses

Question 1

What is the meibomian glands

Answer 1

Modified sebaceous glands produce an oily secretion to lubricate the eye

Question 2

What is the function of the ciliary glands

Answer 2

modified sweat glands between the eyelashes

Question 3

what is the conjunctiva

Answer 3

membrane that lines the eyelids, connects to the surface of the eye, SECRETES MUCUS TO LUBRICATE THE EYE

Question 4

what does the lacrimal apparatus contain

Answer 4

lacrimal gland, canals, sac, and nasolacrimal duct

Question 5

What is the lacrimal gland

Answer 5

produces lacrimal fluid

Question 6

What is the lacrimal canals

Answer 6

Drains lacrimal fluid from the eyes

Question 7

what is the lacrimal sac

Answer 7

Provides passage of lacrimal fluid towards nasal cavity

Question 8

what is the nasolacrimal duct

Answer 8

empties lacrimal fluid into the nasal cavity

Question 9

what is the function of the lacrimal apparatus

Answer 9

protects, moistens, and lubricates the eye

Question 10

What are the 3 tunics of the eyes

Answer 10

Fibrous tunic, choroid, and sensory tunic

Question 11

What layer is the fibrous tunic (sclera)

Answer 11

outside layer

Question 12

What layer is the choroid

Answer 12

Middle Layer

Question 13

What layer is the sensory tunic

Answer 13

the inside layer

Question 14

What is the sclera

Answer 14

white connective tissue layer (white of the eye)

Question 15

What is the function of the cornea? What does it cover?

Answer 15

Allows for light to pass through it, covers iris and pupil

Question 16

What is the ciliary body

Answer 16

smooth muscle to which the lens is attached

Question 17

what is the iris

Answer 17

pigmented layer that gives eye color

Question 18

what is the pupil

Answer 18

rounded opening in the iris for light to enter

Question 19

what is the characteristic of the choroid layer

Answer 19

blood rich nutritive tunic

Question 20

What are the receptor cells found in the sensory tunic

Answer 20

rods and cones

Question 21

What are the characteristics of rods

Answer 21

found towards the edges of the retina, allows dim light vision and peripheral vision, perception in all gray tones

Question 22

What are the characteristics of cones

Answer 22

Allow for detailed color vision in bight light

Question 23

are there photoreceptor cells at the optic disc

Answer 23

no

Question 24

what is the fovea centralis

Answer 24

area of the retina with only cones - lateral to each blind spot

Question 25

What is the result of a lacking cone type

Answer 25

color blindness

Question 26

What is the aqueous humor

Answer 26

watery fluid found in chamber between the lense and cornea, provides nutrients for the lens and cornea, similar to blood plasma

Question 27

what is the vitreous humor

Answer 27

Keeps the eye from collapsing inward, lasts a lifetime

Question 28

cateracts

Answer 28

hard forms over the lens

Question 29

lens accommodation

Answer 29

eye focuses (done by lenses), change shape to focus for closer objects

Question 30

What are the two major functions of the ear

Answer 30

to hear and balance

Question 31

What is the most important receptor

Answer 31

mechanical receptors

Question 32

what are the 3 parts of the ear

Answer 32

outer (external) ear, middle ear, Inner (internal)

Question 33

What are the outer and middle ear's only function

Answer 33

hearing

Question 34

what 2 things are the inner ear responsible for

Answer 34

hearing and balance

Question 35

What are the 2 parts of the outer ear

Answer 35

Pinna (auricle) and external auditory canal

Question 36

Why is the pinna important

Answer 36

the physical ear, allows for the sound to go into the ear

Question 37

What is the technical term for earwax

Answer 37

cerumen

Question 38

What is the function of the ceruminous gland

Answer 38

secrete earwax

Question 39

what is the external auditory canal line with

Answer 39

skin

Question 40

What are the 3 middle ear bones

Answer 40

Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), Stupes (stirrup)

Question 41

What is the cochlea responsible for

Answer 41

hearing

Question 42

what are the vestibule and semicircle canals responsible for

Answer 42

Balance

Question 43

What is static equilibrium

Answer 43

report on the position of the head with respect to gravity - determines up and down

Question 44

What is the osseous filled with plasma-like fluid

Answer 44

perilymph

Question 45

What is inside membranous labyrinth that contains a thicker fluid

Answer 45

endolymph

Question 46

Where is the organ of corti

Answer 46

in the cochlea

Question 47

What is the function of hair cells and why are they hairs

Answer 47

hearing receptors and they increase surface area

Question 48

What are otoliths

Answer 48

tiny stones, float in a gel around hair cells

Question 49

what is the crista ampullaris

Answer 49

receptors in the semicircular canals

Question 50

what is the cupula

Answer 50

gelatinous cap that covers hair cells

Question 51

what is dynamic equilibrium

Answer 51

receptors that respond to angular/rotatory movements of the head