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Anat and Phys - Carter > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what system is the circulatory system considered

A

closed system

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2
Q

what is the main function of the cardiovascular system

A

deliver oxygen and nutrients; remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

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3
Q

what is the pericardium

A

double serous membrane

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4
Q

what are the two pericardium layers

A

visceral and parietal

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5
Q

what is the visceral pericardium

A

next to the heart

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6
Q

what is the parietal pericardium

A

outside layer

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7
Q

what fills the space between the pericardium layers

A

serous fluid

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8
Q

what are the 3 layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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9
Q

what is the epicardium

A

outside layer, parietal pericardium, connective tissue

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10
Q

what is the myocardium

A

middle layer, mostly cardiac muscle

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11
Q

what is endocardium

A

inner layer, endothelium

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12
Q

what are the 4 chambers

A

atria and ventricles

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13
Q

what is the atria

A

receiving or collection chambers; low pressure

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14
Q

what are the 2 atrias

A

left and right atrium

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15
Q

what are the ventricles

A

discharching or pumping chambers; high pressure -> bigger walls

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16
Q

what are the 2 ventricles

A

left and right ventricles

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17
Q

what is pulmonary circulation

A

heart to lungs, lungs to heart

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18
Q

what is systemic circulation

A

heart to body

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19
Q

what is coronary circulation

A

heart to heart

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20
Q

what are the 4 valves

A

atroventricular valve and semilunar valve

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21
Q

what is the atroventricular valve

A

between atria and ventricles

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22
Q

what are the 2 atroventricular valves

A

bicuspid valve/mitrovalve (left)
tricuspid valve (right)

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23
Q

what are the semilunar valves

A

between ventricle and artery

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24
Q

what are the 2 semilunar valves

A

pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve

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25
what are the valves held in place by
cordae tendineae
26
why do valves close
to prevent backflow
27
where does the aorta leave
left ventricle
28
where does the pulmonary arteries leave
right ventricle
29
where does the vena cava enter
right atrium
30
where does the pulmonary veins enter
left atrium
31
what is the heart's nourishing circulatory system
coronary arteries, cardiac veins, blood empties into right atrium via coronary sinus
32
what is the intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)
heart muscle cells contract, without nerve impulses, in a regular, continuous way
33
what tissue sets the pace and initiates contractions of the heart
sinoatrial node
34
what special tissues set the pace
sinoatrial node, atroventricular node, atroventricular bundle, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
35
what is the action systole
contraction
36
what is the action diastole
relaxation
37
what is mid-to-late diastole
blood flows into ventricles
38
what is ventricular systole
blood pressure builds before ventricle contracts, pushing out blood
39
what is early diastole
atria finish refilling, ventricular pressure is low
40
what is the cardiac cycle
one complete cycle
41
stroke volume
volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 contraction
42
what part of the vascular system has the thickest walls
arteries
43
why do arteries have thick walls
comes out of the left ventricle (high pressue)
44
what part of the vascular system has the thinnest walls
capillaries
45
what happens in the capillaries
gas exchange
46
what is the lumen
the distance between the walls
47
what is the function of albumen
keeps them inflated
48
what are the 3 types of tunics
tunic intima, tunic media, tunic externa
49
tunic intima
endothelium, exposed to bloodcells
50
tunic media
smooth muscle, controlled by sympathetic nervous system
51
tunic externa
mostly fibrous connective tissue
52
what is normal blood pressure
140-110/80-75
53
what is the top number in blood pressure reading
systolic
54
what is the bottom number in blood pressure reading
diastolic
55
what is hypotension
low systalic - associated with illness
56
what is hypertension
high systalic - can be dangerous if chronic
57
what is arterial blood
blood pumped by the heart
58
what is veinous blood
moved by muscle contraction
59
vascular shunt
directly connects an arteriole to a venule
60
what are true capillaries
exchange vessels, oxygen and nutrients cross cells
61
what has the most vessel pressure
aorta
62
what has the least vessel pressure
suprerior/inferior vena cava
63
what is the first sound you hear when taking blood pressure
systolic number
64
what is the last sound you hear when taking blood pressure
diastolic number
65
renal factor
regulation by altering blood volume
66
what is renin responsible for
hormonal control
67
what is it called when blood is heated
vasodialation effect
68
what is it called when blood is cold
vasoconstricting effect
69
how do chemicals play a role in blood
various substances can increase or decrease blood pressure; salt, alcohol, caffeine
70
what is cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute
71
what is pulse
pressure wave of blood
72
how do gases cross the capillary membrane
concentration gradient; oxygen and nutrients leave blood, carbon dioxide and other products leave the cells
73
what are fenstrations
pores
74
capillary gaps
intercellular clefts

Anat and Phys - Carter (15 decks)

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