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Anat and Phys - Carter > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what system is the circulatory system considered

A

closed system

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2
Q

what is the main function of the cardiovascular system

A

deliver oxygen and nutrients; remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

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3
Q

what is the pericardium

A

double serous membrane

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4
Q

what are the two pericardium layers

A

visceral and parietal

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5
Q

what is the visceral pericardium

A

next to the heart

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6
Q

what is the parietal pericardium

A

outside layer

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7
Q

what fills the space between the pericardium layers

A

serous fluid

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8
Q

what are the 3 layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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9
Q

what is the epicardium

A

outside layer, parietal pericardium, connective tissue

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10
Q

what is the myocardium

A

middle layer, mostly cardiac muscle

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11
Q

what is endocardium

A

inner layer, endothelium

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12
Q

what are the 4 chambers

A

atria and ventricles

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13
Q

what is the atria

A

receiving or collection chambers; low pressure

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14
Q

what are the 2 atrias

A

left and right atrium

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15
Q

what are the ventricles

A

discharching or pumping chambers; high pressure -> bigger walls

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16
Q

what are the 2 ventricles

A

left and right ventricles

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17
Q

what is pulmonary circulation

A

heart to lungs, lungs to heart

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18
Q

what is systemic circulation

A

heart to body

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19
Q

what is coronary circulation

A

heart to heart

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20
Q

what are the 4 valves

A

atroventricular valve and semilunar valve

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21
Q

what is the atroventricular valve

A

between atria and ventricles

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22
Q

what are the 2 atroventricular valves

A

bicuspid valve/mitrovalve (left)
tricuspid valve (right)

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23
Q

what are the semilunar valves

A

between ventricle and artery

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24
Q

what are the 2 semilunar valves

A

pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve

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25
Q

what are the valves held in place by

A

cordae tendineae

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26
Q

why do valves close

A

to prevent backflow

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27
Q

where does the aorta leave

A

left ventricle

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28
Q

where does the pulmonary arteries leave

A

right ventricle

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29
Q

where does the vena cava enter

A

right atrium

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30
Q

where does the pulmonary veins enter

A

left atrium

31
Q

what is the heart’s nourishing circulatory system

A

coronary arteries, cardiac veins, blood empties into right atrium via coronary sinus

32
Q

what is the intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)

A

heart muscle cells contract, without nerve impulses, in a regular, continuous way

33
Q

what tissue sets the pace and initiates contractions of the heart

A

sinoatrial node

34
Q

what special tissues set the pace

A

sinoatrial node, atroventricular node, atroventricular bundle, bundle branches, purkinje fibers

35
Q

what is the action systole

A

contraction

36
Q

what is the action diastole

A

relaxation

37
Q

what is mid-to-late diastole

A

blood flows into ventricles

38
Q

what is ventricular systole

A

blood pressure builds before ventricle contracts, pushing out blood

39
Q

what is early diastole

A

atria finish refilling, ventricular pressure is low

40
Q

what is the cardiac cycle

A

one complete cycle

41
Q

stroke volume

A

volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 contraction

42
Q

what part of the vascular system has the thickest walls

A

arteries

43
Q

why do arteries have thick walls

A

comes out of the left ventricle (high pressue)

44
Q

what part of the vascular system has the thinnest walls

A

capillaries

45
Q

what happens in the capillaries

A

gas exchange

46
Q

what is the lumen

A

the distance between the walls

47
Q

what is the function of albumen

A

keeps them inflated

48
Q

what are the 3 types of tunics

A

tunic intima, tunic media, tunic externa

49
Q

tunic intima

A

endothelium, exposed to bloodcells

50
Q

tunic media

A

smooth muscle, controlled by sympathetic nervous system

51
Q

tunic externa

A

mostly fibrous connective tissue

52
Q

what is normal blood pressure

A

140-110/80-75

53
Q

what is the top number in blood pressure reading

A

systolic

54
Q

what is the bottom number in blood pressure reading

A

diastolic

55
Q

what is hypotension

A

low systalic - associated with illness

56
Q

what is hypertension

A

high systalic - can be dangerous if chronic

57
Q

what is arterial blood

A

blood pumped by the heart

58
Q

what is veinous blood

A

moved by muscle contraction

59
Q

vascular shunt

A

directly connects an arteriole to a venule

60
Q

what are true capillaries

A

exchange vessels, oxygen and nutrients cross cells

61
Q

what has the most vessel pressure

A

aorta

62
Q

what has the least vessel pressure

A

suprerior/inferior vena cava

63
Q

what is the first sound you hear when taking blood pressure

A

systolic number

64
Q

what is the last sound you hear when taking blood pressure

A

diastolic number

65
Q

renal factor

A

regulation by altering blood volume

66
Q

what is renin responsible for

A

hormonal control

67
Q

what is it called when blood is heated

A

vasodialation effect

68
Q

what is it called when blood is cold

A

vasoconstricting effect

69
Q

how do chemicals play a role in blood

A

various substances can increase or decrease blood pressure; salt, alcohol, caffeine

70
Q

what is cardiac output

A

amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute

71
Q

what is pulse

A

pressure wave of blood

72
Q

how do gases cross the capillary membrane

A

concentration gradient; oxygen and nutrients leave blood, carbon dioxide and other products leave the cells

73
Q

what are fenstrations

A

pores

74
Q

capillary gaps

A

intercellular clefts

Anat and Phys - Carter (15 decks)

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