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Anat and Phys - Carter > Anat and Phys Semester Final > Flashcards

Anat and Phys Semester Final Flashcards

1
Q

What system does the cardiac muscle belong to

A

Cardiac System

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2
Q

What system do skeletal muscles belong to

A

Skeletal System

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3
Q

Why is it important to have barriers

A

Contains cell contents and allows needed substances in while generally prevented entry of potentially damaging or unnecessary substances; prevents drying out, from bacteria, damaging effects of heat, sunlight, and chemical substances

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4
Q

What is the order of organ structure

A

Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism

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5
Q

Complex structures

A
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6
Q

What is a positive feedback loop

A

tend to increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and to push the variable farther from its original value

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7
Q

What is an example of a positive feedback loop

A

Blood clot

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8
Q

What is a negative feedback loop

A

Response to stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity

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9
Q

What is an example of a negative feedback loop

A

Hot/Cold

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10
Q

What are the 5 cavities

A

Abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, cranial cavity, pelvic cavity, spinal cavity

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11
Q

What is potential energy

A

The object’s stored energy

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12
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

The objects current energy

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13
Q

What abundant element is needed in the human body

A

Oxygen

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14
Q

What is the simplest atom

A

Hydrogen

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15
Q

What is the atomic number

A

The number of protons

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16
Q

What is the atomic mass

A

Equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons

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17
Q

What are isotopes

A

Have the same number of protons and electrons but vary in the number of neutrons

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18
Q

What are isotopes good for

A

Medical imaging

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19
Q

What is a condensation reaction

A

Makes polymers, gives off water; proteins carbohydrates

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20
Q

What is a synthesis reaction

A

A + B = AB

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21
Q

What is a decomposition (hydrolysis) reaction

A

AB = A + B

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22
Q

What is water considered

A

The universal solvent

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23
Q

Is water polar?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What monomers make fats

A

Fatty acids

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25
Q

What monomers make proteins

A

Amino Acids

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26
Q

What monomers make starch

A

Glucose

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27
Q

What is 14 on the ph scale

A

basic

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28
Q

What is 1 on the ph scale

A

acidic

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29
Q

What is 7 on the ph scale

A

neutral

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30
Q

What are the connections for a strand of DNA

A

C-G A-T

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31
Q

What are the connections for a strand of RNA

A

C-G A-U

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32
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

lower the activation energy required to start a process

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33
Q

Is blood basic or acidic

A

Basic

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34
Q

What does a buffer do

A

Keeps ph at a more consistent level (making it less extreme)

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35
Q

What does an organic compound have compared to that of an inorganic compound

A

Carbon

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36
Q

What are some examples of organic compounds

A

Carbohydrates

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37
Q

What are some examples of inorganic compounds

A

Rocks, Sandstone

38
Q

What is an ordinary flexion movement

A

brings 2 bones closer together

39
Q

What is an ordinary extension movement

A

increases distance between two bones

40
Q

What is the ordinary abduction movement

A

moving a limb away from the middle of the body

41
Q

What is the ordinary adduction movement

A

Moving a limb toward the midline

42
Q

What is the circumduction movement

A

Combination of all except rotation

43
Q

What is the ordinary rotation movement

A

Rotation

44
Q

What is the special movement - dorsiflexion

A

lifting of the foot

45
Q

What is the special movement - plantar flexion

A

depressing the foot

46
Q

What is the special movement - inversion

A

turn foot inward

47
Q

What is the special movement - eversion

A

turn foot outward

48
Q

What is the special movement - supination

A

hand facing upward

49
Q

What is the special movement - pronation

A

hand facing downward

50
Q

What is the special movement - opposition

A

touching thumb to other fingers

51
Q

What is this type of muscle - prime mover

A

muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement

52
Q

What is this type of muscle - antagonist

A

muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover

53
Q

What is this type of muscle - synergist

A

muscle that aids a prime mover in the same movement and helps prevent rotation or unwanted movement

54
Q

What is this type of muscle - fixator

A

stabilizes the origin of prime mover so all tension can be used to move the insertion bone

55
Q

What is the basic unit of structure

A

Cell (needs organelles)

56
Q

What is the cytosol

A

Liquid in the cell

57
Q

What does the cytoplasm give the cell

A

It’s shape

58
Q

What is the nuclear envelop

A

It surrounds the nucleus

59
Q

What is the chromatin and what does it form

A

Uncoiled DNA, condenses to form chromosomes

60
Q

What is the same as the plasma membrane

A

cell membrane

61
Q

What does a phospholipid contain

A

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends

62
Q

What is the nucleus

A

The control center of the cell

63
Q

What is the mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell

64
Q

What is the smooth ER

A

Detox chemicals and synthesize cholesterol

65
Q

What is the rough ER

A

Makes proteins

66
Q

What are microfilaments

A

are most involved in cell motility and in producing changes in cell shap

67
Q

What are the microtubules

A

determine the overall shape of a cell and the distribution of organelles

68
Q

What does the golgi apparatus do

A

Packages proteins

69
Q

What is exocytosis

A

Form of active transport; Exporting things out of a cell

70
Q

What are the two types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis

71
Q

What is endocytosis

A

Form of active transport; Bringing things into the cell

72
Q

What are lysosomes

A

“breakdown bodies”; appear in different sizes, are membranous “bags” containing a powerful digestive enzymes

73
Q

What are lidic enzymes

A
74
Q

What are perioxisomes

A

breaks down oxygen substances

75
Q

What are centriols

A

spindle fibers

76
Q

What is the cell cycle

A

IPMATC

77
Q

What part of the cell cycle is mitosis

A

PMAT

78
Q

What cells are created by mitosis

A

Diploid cells

79
Q

What are diploid cells

A

Any cell except sex cells (Body cell)

80
Q

What is another name for a body cell

A

Somatic

81
Q

What cells are created by meiosis

A

Haploid cells

82
Q

What are haploid cells

A

Sex cells

83
Q

22/23 cells are what type of cells

A

autosomes

84
Q

1/23 pairs are what type of cells

A

sex cells

85
Q

What are 2 characteristics of cilia

A

short hair and numerous

86
Q

What are 2 characteristics of flagella

A

long and singular

87
Q

What does a hypertonic solution mean

A

Wants to get out of the cell

88
Q

What does a hypotonic solution mean

A

Wants to get into the cell

89
Q

What does active transport require

A

ATP

90
Q

What doesn’t passive transport need

A

ATP

91
Q

What are some examples of passive transport

A

simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, Ion transport

92
Q

What are the two types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis

Anat and Phys - Carter (15 decks)

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