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Anat and Phys - Carter > Anat and Phys Semester Final > Flashcards

Anat and Phys Semester Final Flashcards

1
Q

What system does the cardiac muscle belong to

A

Cardiac System

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2
Q

What system do skeletal muscles belong to

A

Skeletal System

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3
Q

Why is it important to have barriers

A

Contains cell contents and allows needed substances in while generally prevented entry of potentially damaging or unnecessary substances; prevents drying out, from bacteria, damaging effects of heat, sunlight, and chemical substances

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4
Q

What is the order of organ structure

A

Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism

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5
Q

Complex structures

A
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6
Q

What is a positive feedback loop

A

tend to increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and to push the variable farther from its original value

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7
Q

What is an example of a positive feedback loop

A

Blood clot

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8
Q

What is a negative feedback loop

A

Response to stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity

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9
Q

What is an example of a negative feedback loop

A

Hot/Cold

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10
Q

What are the 5 cavities

A

Abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity, cranial cavity, pelvic cavity, spinal cavity

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11
Q

What is potential energy

A

The object’s stored energy

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12
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

The objects current energy

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13
Q

What abundant element is needed in the human body

A

Oxygen

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14
Q

What is the simplest atom

A

Hydrogen

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15
Q

What is the atomic number

A

The number of protons

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16
Q

What is the atomic mass

A

Equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons

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17
Q

What are isotopes

A

Have the same number of protons and electrons but vary in the number of neutrons

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18
Q

What are isotopes good for

A

Medical imaging

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19
Q

What is a condensation reaction

A

Makes polymers, gives off water; proteins carbohydrates

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20
Q

What is a synthesis reaction

A

A + B = AB

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21
Q

What is a decomposition (hydrolysis) reaction

A

AB = A + B

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22
Q

What is water considered

A

The universal solvent

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23
Q

Is water polar?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What monomers make fats

A

Fatty acids

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25
What monomers make proteins
Amino Acids
26
What monomers make starch
Glucose
27
What is 14 on the ph scale
basic
28
What is 1 on the ph scale
acidic
29
What is 7 on the ph scale
neutral
30
What are the connections for a strand of DNA
C-G A-T
31
What are the connections for a strand of RNA
C-G A-U
32
What do enzymes do?
lower the activation energy required to start a process
33
Is blood basic or acidic
Basic
34
What does a buffer do
Keeps ph at a more consistent level (making it less extreme)
35
What does an organic compound have compared to that of an inorganic compound
Carbon
36
What are some examples of organic compounds
Carbohydrates
37
What are some examples of inorganic compounds
Rocks, Sandstone
38
What is an ordinary flexion movement
brings 2 bones closer together
39
What is an ordinary extension movement
increases distance between two bones
40
What is the ordinary abduction movement
moving a limb away from the middle of the body
41
What is the ordinary adduction movement
Moving a limb toward the midline
42
What is the circumduction movement
Combination of all except rotation
43
What is the ordinary rotation movement
Rotation
44
What is the special movement - dorsiflexion
lifting of the foot
45
What is the special movement - plantar flexion
depressing the foot
46
What is the special movement - inversion
turn foot inward
47
What is the special movement - eversion
turn foot outward
48
What is the special movement - supination
hand facing upward
49
What is the special movement - pronation
hand facing downward
50
What is the special movement - opposition
touching thumb to other fingers
51
What is this type of muscle - prime mover
muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
52
What is this type of muscle - antagonist
muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
53
What is this type of muscle - synergist
muscle that aids a prime mover in the same movement and helps prevent rotation or unwanted movement
54
What is this type of muscle - fixator
stabilizes the origin of prime mover so all tension can be used to move the insertion bone
55
What is the basic unit of structure
Cell (needs organelles)
56
What is the cytosol
Liquid in the cell
57
What does the cytoplasm give the cell
It's shape
58
What is the nuclear envelop
It surrounds the nucleus
59
What is the chromatin and what does it form
Uncoiled DNA, condenses to form chromosomes
60
What is the same as the plasma membrane
cell membrane
61
What does a phospholipid contain
Hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends
62
What is the nucleus
The control center of the cell
63
What is the mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
64
What is the smooth ER
Detox chemicals and synthesize cholesterol
65
What is the rough ER
Makes proteins
66
What are microfilaments
are most involved in cell motility and in producing changes in cell shap
67
What are the microtubules
determine the overall shape of a cell and the distribution of organelles
68
What does the golgi apparatus do
Packages proteins
69
What is exocytosis
Form of active transport; Exporting things out of a cell
70
What are the two types of endocytosis
Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
71
What is endocytosis
Form of active transport; Bringing things into the cell
72
What are lysosomes
"breakdown bodies"; appear in different sizes, are membranous "bags" containing a powerful digestive enzymes
73
What are lidic enzymes
74
What are perioxisomes
breaks down oxygen substances
75
What are centriols
spindle fibers
76
What is the cell cycle
IPMATC
77
What part of the cell cycle is mitosis
PMAT
78
What cells are created by mitosis
Diploid cells
79
What are diploid cells
Any cell except sex cells (Body cell)
80
What is another name for a body cell
Somatic
81
What cells are created by meiosis
Haploid cells
82
What are haploid cells
Sex cells
83
22/23 cells are what type of cells
autosomes
84
1/23 pairs are what type of cells
sex cells
85
What are 2 characteristics of cilia
short hair and numerous
86
What are 2 characteristics of flagella
long and singular
87
What does a hypertonic solution mean
Wants to get out of the cell
88
What does a hypotonic solution mean
Wants to get into the cell
89
What does active transport require
ATP
90
What doesn't passive transport need
ATP
91
What are some examples of passive transport
simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, Ion transport
92
What are the two types of endocytosis
Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis

Anat and Phys - Carter (15 decks)

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