Chapter 8 - Social Processes, Attitudes, and Behaviors Flashcards
Social Action
Actions and behaviors that individuals are performing or modulating because others are around
Social Facilitation
People tend to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Being in the presence of others will significantly raise arousal, which enhances the ability to perform tasks one is already good at and hinders the performance of less familiar tasks
Deindividuation
Loss of one’s self-awareness in a group setting and the associated adoption of a more group oriented identity
Social Loafing
Tendency to reduce effort when in a group setting
Identity Shift Effect
Changes in behavior or beliefs due to peer pressure
Cognitive Dissonance
Simultaneous presence of 2 opposing thoughts or opinions
Group Polarization
Tendency for groups to collaboratively make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members within the group
Groupthink
Desire for harmony or conformity results in a group of people coming to an incorrect or poor decision
- 8 factors indicate
Illusion of Invulnerability
Encourage risks, ignore possible pitfalls and are too optimistic
Collective Rationalization
Ignore expressed concerns about group approved ideas
Illusion of Morality
Ideas produced by the group are morally correct, disregarding evidence to the contrary
Excessive Stereotyping
Construct stereotypes of those expressing outside opinions
Pressure for Conformity
Feel pressured not to express opinions that disagree with the group, and view opposition as disloyal
Self-Censorship
Withhold ideas and opinions that disagree with the group
Illusion of Unanimity
Believe that decisions and judgements of the group to be without disagreement, even if it does exist
Mindguards
May decide to take on a role protecting the group against opposing views
Assimilation
Process by which an individual’s or group’s behavior and culture begin to resemble that of another group
Ethnic enclaves
Locations with a high concentration of one specific ethnicity
Multiculturalism
Containing multiple cultures or ethnic groups