Chapter 5 - Motivation, emotion, and stress Flashcards
Instinct Theory
Certain behaviors are based on evolutionarily programmed instincts
Arousal Theory
People perform actions in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Performance is worst at extremely high and low levels of arousal and optimal at some intermediate level
Drive reduction theory
Motivation is based on the goal of eliminating uncomfortable states
Primary drives
Need for food, water, warmth
- Homeostasis
Secondary drives
Drives that stem from learning and emotions
Self-determination theory
Role of 3 universal needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness
Incentive theory
Behavior is motivated by the desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments
Expectancy value theory
Amount of motivation needed to reach a goal is the result of both the individual’s expectations of success in reaching the goal and the degree to which the individual values succeeding the goal
Evolutionary perspective
Everything we do, think, and feel is based on specialized functional programs designed for any problem we encounter
James-Lange Theory
Stimulus results first in physiological arousal, which leads to a secondary response in which emotion is labeled
Canon-Bard Theory
Conscious experience of emotion and physiological arousal occur simultaneously, and the behavioral component follows
Schachter-Singer Theory
Physiological arousal and cognitive label are needed to experience emotion
Cognitive Appraisal
Subjective evaluation of a situation that induces stress
Primary Appraisal
Initial evaluation of the environment and associated threat
