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Behavioral Sciences > Chapter 6 - Identity and Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Identity and Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Self-concept

A

Awareness of ourselves as distinct from others and answers to the question “who am I”?

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2
Q

Identity

A

Individual components of our self-concept

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2
Q

Self-schema

A

Self-given label that carries set of qualities

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3
Q

Androgyny

A

Being simultaneously very masculine and very feminine

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4
Q

Ethnic identity

A

Membership in a particular racial/ethnic group
- common ancestry, cultural heritage, and language

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5
Q

Nationality

A

Political borders; where we are born
- shared history, media, cuisine, symbols

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6
Q

Hierarchy of salience

A

Situation dictates which identity holds the most importance at a given moment

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7
Q

Self-discrepancy theory

A

Each of us has 3 selves and that perceived differences between these selves leads to negative feelings

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8
Q

Actual self

A

See ourselves as we currently are

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9
Q

Ideal self

A

Who we would like to be

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10
Q

Ought self

A

Way others think we should be

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11
Q

Locus of control

A

Way we characterize influences in our lives
- internal and external

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12
Q

Freud: Psychosocial Development

A

Believed that libidinal energy and the drive to reduce libidinal tension were the underlying dynamic forces that accounted for human psychological processes
- 5 stages

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13
Q

Oral stage

A

Freudian stage
- 0-1 year
- libidinal energy centered on mouth
- oral fixation can lead to excessive dependency

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14
Q

Anal stage

A

Freudian stage
- 1-3 years
- libido centered on anus
- fixation can lead to excessive orderliness or sloppiness

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15
Q

Phallic stage

A

Freudian stage
- 3-5 years
- Oedipal and Electra conflicts
- Subliminates libidinal energy

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16
Q

Latency stage

A

Freudian stage
- lasts until end of puberty

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17
Q

Genital stage

A

Freudian stage
- puberty-adulthood
- enter into heterosexual relationships

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18
Q

Erikson: Psychosocial Development

A

Personality development is driven by the successful resolution of a series of social and emotional conflicts
- 8 stages

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19
Q

Trust vs. mistrust

A

Erikson
- 0-1 year
- learn trust

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20
Q

autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

Erikson
- 1-3 year
- exert control, exercise choice and self-restraint

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21
Q

Initiative vs guilt

A

Erikson
- 3-6 years
- sense of purpose, initiate activities, enjoy accomplishment

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22
Q

Industry vs Inferiority

A

Erikson
- 6-12 years
- feel competent, exercise abilities and intelligence in the world, affect worls they desire

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23
Q

Identity vs Role confusion

A

Erikson
- 12-20 years
- fidelity, ability to see oneself as unique and integrated

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24
Intimacy vs isolation
Erikson - 20-40 years - love, intimate relationships, commitment
25
Generativity vs stagnation
Erikson - 40-65 years - productive, caringm and contributing member of society
26
Integrity vs despair
Erikson - wisdom, integrity, life has been worthwhile
27
Kohlberg: Moral reasoning
As cognitive abilities grow, we are able to think about the world in more complex and nuanced ways - 3 phases
28
Preconventional morality
Obedience: avoiding punishments Self-interest: gaining rewards
29
Conventional morality
Conformity: seeks approval of others Law and order: social order in highest regard
30
Postconventional morality
Social contract: moral rules as conventions that are designed to ensure the greater good Universal human ethics: decisions should be made in consideration of abstract principles
31
Zone of Proximal Development
Skills and abilities that have not yet fully developed but are in the process of development - Vygotsky
32
Theory of mind
Ability to sense how another's mind works
33
Looking-glass self
Our understanding of how others see us
34
Reference group
Group we use as a standard to evaluate ourselves
35
Personality
Set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors that are characteristic of an individual across time and location
36
Psychoanalytic Perspective
Unconscious internal states that motivate the overt actions of individuals and determine personality
37
Id
Basic, primal, inborn urges to survive and reproduce - Pleasure principle - Primary process
38
Pleasure principle
Achieve immediate gratification to relieve pent-up tension
39
Primary process
Id's response to frustration based on the pleasure principle
40
Ego
Organizer of the mind - Reality principle - Secondary process
41
Reality principle
Postpone pleasure principle until satisfaction can be obtained
42
Secondary process
Guidance of id and id's pleasure prinicple
43
Superego
Personality's perfectionist - Conscience - Ego ideal
44
Conscience
Collection of the improper actions for which a child is punished
45
Ego-ideal
Proper actions for which a child is rewarded
46
Defense Mechanisms
Ego's recourse for relieving anxiety caused by the clash of the id and superego - Deny, falsify, or distort reality then operate unconsciously - 8 mechanisms
47
Repression
Forcing undesired thoughts and urges to the unconscious
48
Suppression
Deliberate, conscious form of forgetting
49
Regression
Reversion to earlier developmental state
50
Reaction Formation
Suppress urges by unconsciously converting these urges into their opposites
51
Projection
Attribute undesired feelings to others
52
Rationalization
Justification of behaviors in a manner that is acceptable to self and society
53
Displacement
Transference of an undesired urge from one person or object to another
54
Sublimation
Transformation of unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors
55
Persona
Aspect of our personality we present to the world
56
Anima
man's inner woman
56
Animus
woman's inner man
57
Shadow
Unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions experiences in the unconscious mind
58
Inferiority Complex
Individual's sense of incompleteness, imperfection, and inferiority
59
Creative self
Force by which individual's shape their uniqueness and establish their personality
60
Fictional Finalism
Individuals are motivated more by their expectations of the future than by past experiences
61
Force Field Theory
One's current state of mind is the sum of the forces on the individual at that time
62
Type theorists
Create taxonomy of personality traits
63
Trait theorists
Individual personality as the sum of a person's characteristic behaviors
64
Openness
Willingness to engage with the world and desire to try new things
65
Conscientiousness
Self-control
66
Extraversion
Tolerance for social interaction and stimulation
67
Agreeableness
Degree to which a person is concerned about maintaining peace and harmony in their interactions with others
68
Neuroticism
Emotional arousal in stressful situations
69
Reciprocal Determinism
Refers to the idea that our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and environment all interact with eachother to determine our actions in a given situation

Behavioral Sciences (13 decks)

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