Chapter 8 - Race and Ethnicity Flashcards
the term “race” was first applied to humans during European ________ _______ in the 16th and 17th century
colonial expansion
The use of the term race has long reflected beliefs about ________ superiority and inferiority in context of colonial power
biological
Why quotes around “race”?
because race does not exist as distinct biological entities among humans
what three races did early scientists try to divide people into
Caucasian
mongoloid
negroid
when early scientists tried to divide people three races there were races left over, such as the ____ of japan or the _______ of Australia
the Ainu of Japan or the Aborigines of Australia
when early scientists tried to divide people three races, differences _______ supposed races often outnumbered those _______ races
Differences within supposed races often outnumbered those between races
Race is a ________ construct rather than a ________ construction
social rather than biological
race is the product of ______
realization
what is realization
a social process in which human groups are views and judged as essentially different in terms of intellect, morality, values and innate worth because of perceived differences in physical appearance or cultural heritage
a _______ _______ is a person , other than aboriginal peoples, who are non-caucasian in race or non-white in colour
visual minority
__________ positions are positions associated wit different racialized groups
racialized
________ positions are common among North American sports
racialized
explain way American football is racialized
certain positions in football are almost exclusively white or black
eg. running backs are nearly all black and placekickers are almost all white
why? prejudice - Running backs were told they would never make it to the NFL as a quarterback
the story Canada tells about itself to celebrate its past and present is Canada’s _______ ________
master narrative
Racialization of the Indigenous population began in the 16th century in Europe, with a discussion of whether Indigenous people were ______ and had _______
were humans and had souls
there are 7 different indigenous status’, name at least 5
Registers indian
bill-C-13 Indian
Band member
Reserve resident
Treaty Indian (a category with its own subdivisions, as each treaty is different
Metis
Eskimo
T or F, Inuit is another word for Indian
F
Inuit is a word meaning “people” in their launguage, and differed from Indians
the term metis can be used with a lower-case m to define one type of metis, and a capital M to define another. what do they mean?
m - anyone of mixed Indigenous and non-Indigenous heritage
M- the descendants of French fur traders and Cree women
Indigenous people make up just under ____% of the population of people living in Canada, but their population is growing at a rate of ____ times that of non-Indigenous population
5%
growing at a rate of 4 times
In the late 19th century, many black Americans living in the eastern United States migrated ______ to find a place where they would be free from _______ and ___________
they migrated west
tp be free from prejudice and discrimination
The federal government of Canada granted them land where they didn’t want to live or farm. What did they name this land? how did Edmonton’s citizen’s react?
they names it Harrison Seed land
The white citizens of Edmonton made a petition against this in 1911
Canadian Prime Minister, Wilfrid Laurier accepted the petition that year
2016 census says that 2/3 of visible-minority Canadians were of ______ ancestry
Asian
what did the Canadian govvy do to stall in influx of undesirable immigrants into Canada
federal govvy in 1885 imposed a $50 head tax to any Chinese migrant entering the country
this was known as the “head taxes act”
BC ______ the head tax, and in 1903 increased it to 500$, whilst the average Chinese laborer made $_____ per year
Doubled
$300
In 1912 the govvy of Saskatchewan created the Act to Prevent the _________ of _______ Labour
Act to Prevent the Employment of Female Labour
ie. women could not be hired
_______ refers to membership in a cultural group that has roots in a particular place in the world and is associated with distinctive cultural practices and behaviors
ethnicity
unlike race, ethnicity is something you can ____ in to
opt in to
race in something you are _____ in to
born
______ is based on how you look, whilst _______ is based on practices and behaviors
race
ethnicity
what is postcolonialism
a framework that analyzes the destructive impact colonialism has on both the colonizer and the colonized
who first developed postcolonialism
Franz Fanon and Albert Memmi
what is colonialism
the economic and political exploitation of a weaker country or people by a stronger one
typically, colonialism involves a ________ nations dominating an African, Asian, or American people
European
_______ ______ is a governance policy in which a European state uses the members of a Tribe or ethnic group as it’s mediator in ruling African territory
Indirect Rule
___________ describes a secondary effect that arises from, but does not cause, a separate phenomenon
epiphenomenal
_______ applied the term epiphenomenal in a sociological context
Marx
Marx believed that _____ structure was the main causal factor in society and everything else was _________
economic structure = main causal factor in society
everything = epiphenominal
According to Epiphenomenal theory, what is the relation between ethnic conflict and economic class
Epiphenomenal theory suggests that any ethnic conflict is just a by-product of the struggle between economic class
__________ focuses on emerging ethnicity rather than on long-established ethnic characteristics
instrumentalism
Elite members who mobilize ethnicity for personal gain are called _______ _________
ethnic entrepreneurs
what view sees ethnicity as artificial and as constructed by the elites
social constructivism
what is standpoint theory
argues that the perspective sociological researchers bring to their work is strongly influences by their social location, gender, age, ethnicity, sexual orientation and other social characteristics
who was the first African American sociologist
W.E.B Du Bois
who was the first Canadian sociologist
Daniel G. Hill
what is intersectionality
refers to the way different social factors (class, age, gender, etc.) combine to shape the experience of a minoritized group
