Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology 1025 > Chapter 3 - Culture > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Culture Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define culture

A

a system of behaviour, beliefs, knowledge, practices, values and concrete materials including buildings, tools, and sacred items.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the three types of culture

A

dominant culture
subculture
and counterculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which of the following statements is false

  1. everyone has culture
  2. you can only have one culture
  3. all cultures are subject to change
  4. Sometimes culture is not accepted by everyone in that group, so it is “contested”
A
  1. everyone can claim more than one culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is dominant culture

A

is the one that through political and economic power and impose its values, languages and ways of behaving and interpreting behavior on a given society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

people associated with dominant culture are called _______

A

dominants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the dominant culture in cananda

A

Canadian dominants are white, english speaking, heterosexul make university graduates of european background between the ages of 30 and 55, in good health, who own homes in middle-class neighbourhoods in cities in Ontario and Quebec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a minority culture

A

those who fall outside of the cultural mainstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

minority cultures fall between 2 subcategories which are

A

counter culture - minority cultures that feel the power of dominant culture exist in opposition to it

subculture - minority cultures that differ in some wau but dont directly oppose the dominant culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is high culture

A

the culture of the elite, a distinct minority

Associated with theatre, opera, classical music, ballet, and serious works of literature
Also referred to as elite culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ _______ coined the term cultural capital

A

pierre bourdieu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is culture capital

A

knowledge and skills needed to acquire the sophisticated tastes that mark someone of high culture

Ie. the more “cultural capital” the higher your “cultural capital”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is popular culture

A

the culture of the majority, particularly of those who do not have power (the working class, less educated, women, and radicalised minorities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

high and popular culture differ in terms of ______

A

They differ in terms of agency; the ability of people to be creative or productive with the materials made available to them by dominant culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

who are the 2 sociologists that called mass culture the output of the culture industry

Said that movies and radio shows are mass produced to keep society happy and submissive

A

Thodor Adrno and Max Horkheimer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

who called a feature of mass culture simulacra

A

Jean Baudirillard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define simulacra

A

are stereotypical cultural images produced and reproduced like material goods or commodities by the media and sometimes by scholars
Eg. innuit people are represented by describing practices like building igloos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is decipherment and who coined it

A

Decipherment- looking in a text for the definitive interpretation for the purpose the culture industry had in mind for creating the text (mass culture sociologists use this)

Micheal de Certeau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is reading in sociological terms and who came up with it

A

Reading - is the process in which people treat what is provided by the culture industry as a resource, a text to be interpreted as they see fit, in wats not necessarily intended by the creators of the text (popular culture sociologists use this)

Micheal de Certeau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Sanctions

A

People react to how others follow or don’t follow the norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

escribe positive and negative sanctions

A

Positive - a reaction that supports the behavior (a high five or smile)
Negative a reaction designed to tell offenders that have violated a norm ( an eye roll or parking tickets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

who was the first person in worth america to teach a course called sociology and also distinguish between folkways, mores, and taboos

A

William Graham Sumner

22
Q

What are folkways

A

norms governing simple day-to-day matters
Norms you should not violate
Eg. double dipping chips at a party

23
Q

What are Mores

A

are taken much more seriously than folkways
You must not violate them
Eg. crimes like theft or booing at the national anthem of the visiting team

24
Q

What are Taboos

A

a norm so deeply ingrained in our social consciousness that the mere thought or mentions of it is enough to arouse disgust or revulsion
Eg. child porn, incest

25
Q

what is a cultural symbol

A

Cultural items that hold significance for a culture or subculture
Can be tangible or intangible

26
Q

what are cultural values

A

the standards used by culture to describe abstract qualities such as goodness, beauty, and justice and to assess the behavior of others

Eg. Max Weber’s identification of the protestant ethic is one early example of a sociological study of values

27
Q

what is a cultural artefact

A

culture symbols that are physical objects
Eg. county’s flag

28
Q

what is ethnocentrism?

who coined it?

A

Occurs when someone holds up a culture (usually their own) as the standard by which all cultures are to be judged

William Graham Sumner

29
Q

Explain the Potlatch Act of 1884?

A

Potlatch - traditional ceremony of the Northwest Coast Indigenous people living in the US and Canada

Involved acquisition or affirmation of hereditary names used for rights to fish, hunt, or forage for plants in particular territories, and with responsibility to conserve the living things in those areas

In 1884 the canadian government banned the Potlatch
In 1951 ban was repealed

30
Q

Explain the outlawing of peyote

A

peyote is a hallucinogens

The people believed the great spirit gave them peyote to help them cure disease etc

The spaniards did not approve and tried to ban it among native inhabitants which forced them into hiding

31
Q

what is eurocentrism

A

Taking a broadly defined “european” position to address others, and assuming that the audience shares that potion

32
Q

how does Manfred Steger define Cultural Globalization

A

“the intensifications and expansion of cultural flows across the globe”
Eg. what we call Americanization

33
Q

what is cultural relativism

A

an approach to studying and understanding an aspect of another culture within its proper cultural context

Eg. “you can’t understand a single part of a car without understanding the whole system of which it is a part of”

Not just about how we understand but how we judge these cultural practices

34
Q

what is presentism

A

all the arguments about who should be honored and who should be condemned

Eg. Laurier arguing about taking down John A. Macdonald’s statue because we was racist

35
Q

what is Sociolinguistics

A

The study of language as part of culture
Culture cannot be understood or transmitted without some sense of language

36
Q

what is Linguistic determinism (or causation)

who came up with it (hint super werid name)

A

suggests the way we view the world is shaped by the language we speak

Saphir-whorf hypothesis

37
Q

what do indo-european launguages have to do with gender

A

All impose gender grammatically

38
Q

The idea of being true to a particular time, place, or context is called

A

authenticity

39
Q

The dominant culture imposes its values, language, and ways of behaving and interpreting behaviour through

A

political and economic power

40
Q

A minority culture that differs in some way from the dominant culture, but doesn’t oppose it, is

A

a subculture

41
Q

Which term did Pierre Bourdieu coin to describe the knowledge and skills needed to acquire the tastes of high culture?

A

Cultural capital

42
Q

Mass culture is a term used by people who believe

A

hat we have little or no agency in the culture we consume and produce

43
Q

The rule or standards of behaviour that are expected of members of a group, society, or culture are called

A

norms

44
Q

A reaction that tells people that they have violated a norm is a

A

negative sanction

45
Q

Norms that should not be violated (as opposed to must not) are also called

A

folkways

46
Q

The general term for the head coverings worn by some Muslim women is

A

niqab

47
Q

Values are the standards used by a culture to describe abstract qualities and to

A

assess the behavior of others

48
Q

The one-way flow of culture from the West can be colloquially called

A

Americanization

49
Q

Culture is holistic by nature, which means that

A

it is a complex system in which everything is connected

50
Q

Judging historical actions by the standards of the present is known as

A

presentism

51
Q

Disliking the smells of a different culture is proof that

A

ur senses are culturally conditioned

52
Q

A dialect is the result of

A

pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar that differs from the base language

Sociology 1025 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions