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Sociology 1025 > Chapter 15 - Social change and the Future > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Social change and the Future Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a group of people has experienced dramatic change in at least one part of their lives and must adjust in other areas of their lives in order to adapt

this is ______ ______

A

social change

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2
Q

society today is changing ______

A

quickly

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3
Q

what are the five interpetations of social change

A
  • modernism
  • conservatism
  • postmodernism
  • evolution
  • fashion
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4
Q

explain modernism in social change

A

holds that change equals progress that what is more or new will automatically be better than the older thing it replaces

society advances along a straight path from primitive to more sophisticated (worse to better)

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5
Q

_______ was for modernism

A

compte

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6
Q

how does social darwinism relate to modernism

A

societies naturally proceed from simple to complex and that the strongest societies triumph

survival of the fittest

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7
Q

________(1818-1881) identified three stages of savagery, barbarism, and civilization

A

lewis henry morgan

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8
Q

Modernist theories of politics incorporate the idea that societies are constantly _______ _______

A

improving politically

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9
Q

Noam Chomsky (1928) identifies one of the flaws of the modernist model, namely its _______ ______, “whatever innovation benefits the dominant class”

A

narrow vision

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10
Q

what is conservatism in social change

A

Conservative thinkers see social change as more destructive than constructive, especially in emotionally charged areas of life such as family, gender roles, sexuality, and the environment

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11
Q

who believed that technology, culture, and sense of progress emanating from the United States would lead to the destruction of Canada as a place that cultivated and cherished an alternative to the American vision

A

George Grant (1918-1988)

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12
Q

Conservatism relates to the idea of the _______ of civilization: the belief that civilizations rise and fall in a predictable cycle

A

cycle

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13
Q

Adherents of conservatism are sometimes guilty of the logical fallacy known as ______-______ reasoning.

A

slippery-slope

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14
Q

Marx believed that innovation and growing capitalism would destroy society
he was a _________

A

conservatist

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15
Q

1811-1813 in Yorkshire, England a group of workers destroyed what is today, millions of dollars of property. They were “rebels against the future”.

They made nighttime raids to destroy machinery, sent anonymous threatening letters to known industrialists, stockpiled weapons, and participated in foot riots

what were they called

A

luddites

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16
Q

luddites opposed the _______ of need

A

manufacturing of need

eg. Ex: food and clothing now had to be purchased than made

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17
Q

what are the two types of globalisation

A

particularist protectionist

universal protectionist

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18
Q

what is a particularist protectionist

A

focuses on socioeconomic, political, and cultural problems in their home territories caused by increasing globalization

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19
Q

what are universal protectionists

A

Universalist protectionists: promote the interests of the poor and marginalized groups worldwide

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20
Q

Postmodernism as a social theory, relates largely to ______

A

voice

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21
Q

__________challenges the notion that researchers can speak for peoples that they study without letting the people studied themselves have a voice

A

postmodernism

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22
Q

There is a _____ ______ that separates those with technology to learn, work and compete in the modern world than those who don’t

A

digital divide

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23
Q

_______ class: is a class of visionary capitalists

A

virtual

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24
Q

who coined the idea of a virtual class

A

Arthur Kroker

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25
Q

the virtual class supports the interests of __________ which promotes the interests of big buisnesses

A

neoliberalism

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26
Q

how does the virtual class get access to more information

A

through “privileged corporate codes”

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27
Q

explain evolution as an interpretation for social change

A

Adapting well to particular circumstances
“Survival of the fittest”

28
Q

explain fashion as a theory for social change

A

A change is just a change for its own sake. Our tastes change, we seek novelty, and the result is neither an improvement nor a turn for the worse

29
Q

_______ claims that Social change will be better than what it replaces

A

modernism

30
Q

what interpetation of social change sees it as problematic and damaging toward society

A

conservatism

31
Q

what were the luddites

A

They rioted and destroyed factory property, sent threatening letters to industrialists

Said the industrial revolution made factory conditioned worse

People lost their jobs and were displaced, so English
Poor Laws were created so they can get some welfare

32
Q

_______ emphasizes that Multiple voices and discourses that exist and the voices of minorities arent heard or acknowledged

A

postmodernism

33
Q

The postmodern interpretation challenges the views posed by the _________ and __________ studies

A

conservatist and modernist

34
Q

“not everyone advantages from social change”

what interpretation of social change is this

A

postmodernist

35
Q

the fashion interpretation of social changes focuses on how peoples _____ and ______ change over time

A

tastes and preferences

36
Q

Ex: deviant people used to have tattoos, men were more likely to tattoos, sex workers were likely to have tattoos. Now fashion changes, everyone gets tattoos, and we don’t view them as deviant today

what theory of social change reflects this

A

fashion

37
Q

________ behavior is group behavior that is relatively spontaneous, unstructured, and unconventional in nature

A

collective

38
Q

rioting after a sporting event is an example of what

A

collective behavior

39
Q

collective behavior takes place in ______ _____

A

localized crowds

40
Q

in ______ crowds people are gathered by proximity alone. Does not lead to collective behavior because everyone is engaged in law abiding behavior

A

causal

41
Q

in ________ crowds people have gathered in the same place at the same time because they share the same interests or objective

A

conventional

42
Q

in _______ crowds, people who share a common interest and gather at the same place and same time for an explicatory purpose. There is an expectation that you will participate in that crowd’s behavior

A

expressive

43
Q

in an _____ crowd people are gathered at the same place and time that participate in overt, collective behavior in pursuit of a common goal

A

acting

44
Q

a movie theatre (everyone is there to watch a movie is an example of what type of a crowd

A

conventional

45
Q

going to the park is an example of what type of a crowd

A

casual

46
Q

meeting to change laws of fight injustice is an example of what type of crowd

A

acting

47
Q

fans at a soccer game are all in an _______ crowd

A

expressive

48
Q

______- wrote about group behavior

A

Gustav LeBron

49
Q

Gustav Le Bron said that during riots, people lose sense their individuality and take on a ______ ____ which make them act in ways they wouldn’t usually do

A

collective mind

50
Q

Gustav Le Bron said there were three reasons why people riot, name and explain

A

Anonymity
They can’t be recognized

Suggestibility
Easily persuaded by others

Contagion
Mass hypnosis

51
Q

______ theory is mass hypnosis

A

contagion

52
Q

_______ theory believes that collective behavior happens in cords because it is a natural outcome of existing psychological impulses of those who converge

A

convergence theory

53
Q

convergence theory argues that those who are not predisposed to that behavior, they would _____
Those who are predisposed to this behavior will _____
(collective behav)

A

leave

converge

54
Q

what is the middle ground theory between the contagion theory of collective behavior and the convergence

A

emergent norm theory

55
Q

what does the emergent norm theory suggest

A

Argues that within groups norms emerge to influence behavior on a situation

56
Q

differentiate between fads and fashion

A

Fads: temporary, high fashion patterns. Activities, hobbies, events that come and go
Ex: fidget spinners

Fashion: long lasting population social patterns that involve hairstyles, grooming choices
Can endure past its period of popularity because it becomes emblematic of a period

57
Q

who coined moral panic

A

stanley cohen

58
Q

what is moral panic according to stanley cohen

A

irrational and widespread fear of certain individuals
Ex: Islamophobia after 9/11 crisis, and thinking that everyone who practiced Islam was a terrorist

59
Q

________ movements are organized efforts by a substantial number of people to change or to resist change in some major aspect of society

A

social movements

60
Q

_______ are important in social movements

A

symbols

61
Q

during the social movements to fight rising tuition costs in quebec, what was their symbol

A

A red patch symbolized this protest

62
Q

______-_______ theory: focusses on the actions of groups that are oppressed or are deprived of things that other groups have

A

relative deprivation theory

63
Q

_______ _______ theory looks at the resources that groups have that can help or hinder a social movement

A

resource mobilization theory

64
Q

Ex: if people are poor and the leaders are wealthy, this can lead to a social movement. But if everyone is poor, and there is no relative deprivation, then there will be no social change

what theory does this reflect

A

relative-deprivation theory

65
Q

A social movement will emerge when the resources needed for a social movement are present

what theory does this reflect

A

resource mobilization theory

Sociology 1025 (13 decks)

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