Chapter 15 - Social change and the Future Flashcards
a group of people has experienced dramatic change in at least one part of their lives and must adjust in other areas of their lives in order to adapt
this is ______ ______
social change
society today is changing ______
quickly
what are the five interpetations of social change
- modernism
- conservatism
- postmodernism
- evolution
- fashion
explain modernism in social change
holds that change equals progress that what is more or new will automatically be better than the older thing it replaces
society advances along a straight path from primitive to more sophisticated (worse to better)
_______ was for modernism
compte
how does social darwinism relate to modernism
societies naturally proceed from simple to complex and that the strongest societies triumph
survival of the fittest
________(1818-1881) identified three stages of savagery, barbarism, and civilization
lewis henry morgan
Modernist theories of politics incorporate the idea that societies are constantly _______ _______
improving politically
Noam Chomsky (1928) identifies one of the flaws of the modernist model, namely its _______ ______, “whatever innovation benefits the dominant class”
narrow vision
what is conservatism in social change
Conservative thinkers see social change as more destructive than constructive, especially in emotionally charged areas of life such as family, gender roles, sexuality, and the environment
who believed that technology, culture, and sense of progress emanating from the United States would lead to the destruction of Canada as a place that cultivated and cherished an alternative to the American vision
George Grant (1918-1988)
Conservatism relates to the idea of the _______ of civilization: the belief that civilizations rise and fall in a predictable cycle
cycle
Adherents of conservatism are sometimes guilty of the logical fallacy known as ______-______ reasoning.
slippery-slope
Marx believed that innovation and growing capitalism would destroy society
he was a _________
conservatist
1811-1813 in Yorkshire, England a group of workers destroyed what is today, millions of dollars of property. They were “rebels against the future”.
They made nighttime raids to destroy machinery, sent anonymous threatening letters to known industrialists, stockpiled weapons, and participated in foot riots
what were they called
luddites
luddites opposed the _______ of need
manufacturing of need
eg. Ex: food and clothing now had to be purchased than made
what are the two types of globalisation
particularist protectionist
universal protectionist
what is a particularist protectionist
focuses on socioeconomic, political, and cultural problems in their home territories caused by increasing globalization
what are universal protectionists
Universalist protectionists: promote the interests of the poor and marginalized groups worldwide
Postmodernism as a social theory, relates largely to ______
voice
__________challenges the notion that researchers can speak for peoples that they study without letting the people studied themselves have a voice
postmodernism
There is a _____ ______ that separates those with technology to learn, work and compete in the modern world than those who don’t
digital divide
_______ class: is a class of visionary capitalists
virtual
who coined the idea of a virtual class
Arthur Kroker
the virtual class supports the interests of __________ which promotes the interests of big buisnesses
neoliberalism
how does the virtual class get access to more information
through “privileged corporate codes”
explain evolution as an interpretation for social change
Adapting well to particular circumstances
“Survival of the fittest”
explain fashion as a theory for social change
A change is just a change for its own sake. Our tastes change, we seek novelty, and the result is neither an improvement nor a turn for the worse
_______ claims that Social change will be better than what it replaces
modernism
what interpetation of social change sees it as problematic and damaging toward society
conservatism
what were the luddites
They rioted and destroyed factory property, sent threatening letters to industrialists
Said the industrial revolution made factory conditioned worse
People lost their jobs and were displaced, so English
Poor Laws were created so they can get some welfare
_______ emphasizes that Multiple voices and discourses that exist and the voices of minorities arent heard or acknowledged
postmodernism
The postmodern interpretation challenges the views posed by the _________ and __________ studies
conservatist and modernist
“not everyone advantages from social change”
what interpretation of social change is this
postmodernist
the fashion interpretation of social changes focuses on how peoples _____ and ______ change over time
tastes and preferences
Ex: deviant people used to have tattoos, men were more likely to tattoos, sex workers were likely to have tattoos. Now fashion changes, everyone gets tattoos, and we don’t view them as deviant today
what theory of social change reflects this
fashion
________ behavior is group behavior that is relatively spontaneous, unstructured, and unconventional in nature
collective
rioting after a sporting event is an example of what
collective behavior
collective behavior takes place in ______ _____
localized crowds
in ______ crowds people are gathered by proximity alone. Does not lead to collective behavior because everyone is engaged in law abiding behavior
causal
in ________ crowds people have gathered in the same place at the same time because they share the same interests or objective
conventional
in _______ crowds, people who share a common interest and gather at the same place and same time for an explicatory purpose. There is an expectation that you will participate in that crowd’s behavior
expressive
in an _____ crowd people are gathered at the same place and time that participate in overt, collective behavior in pursuit of a common goal
acting
a movie theatre (everyone is there to watch a movie is an example of what type of a crowd
conventional
going to the park is an example of what type of a crowd
casual
meeting to change laws of fight injustice is an example of what type of crowd
acting
fans at a soccer game are all in an _______ crowd
expressive
______- wrote about group behavior
Gustav LeBron
Gustav Le Bron said that during riots, people lose sense their individuality and take on a ______ ____ which make them act in ways they wouldn’t usually do
collective mind
Gustav Le Bron said there were three reasons why people riot, name and explain
Anonymity
They can’t be recognized
Suggestibility
Easily persuaded by others
Contagion
Mass hypnosis
______ theory is mass hypnosis
contagion
_______ theory believes that collective behavior happens in cords because it is a natural outcome of existing psychological impulses of those who converge
convergence theory
convergence theory argues that those who are not predisposed to that behavior, they would _____
Those who are predisposed to this behavior will _____
(collective behav)
leave
converge
what is the middle ground theory between the contagion theory of collective behavior and the convergence
emergent norm theory
what does the emergent norm theory suggest
Argues that within groups norms emerge to influence behavior on a situation
differentiate between fads and fashion
Fads: temporary, high fashion patterns. Activities, hobbies, events that come and go
Ex: fidget spinners
Fashion: long lasting population social patterns that involve hairstyles, grooming choices
Can endure past its period of popularity because it becomes emblematic of a period
who coined moral panic
stanley cohen
what is moral panic according to stanley cohen
irrational and widespread fear of certain individuals
Ex: Islamophobia after 9/11 crisis, and thinking that everyone who practiced Islam was a terrorist
________ movements are organized efforts by a substantial number of people to change or to resist change in some major aspect of society
social movements
_______ are important in social movements
symbols
during the social movements to fight rising tuition costs in quebec, what was their symbol
A red patch symbolized this protest
______-_______ theory: focusses on the actions of groups that are oppressed or are deprived of things that other groups have
relative deprivation theory
_______ _______ theory looks at the resources that groups have that can help or hinder a social movement
resource mobilization theory
Ex: if people are poor and the leaders are wealthy, this can lead to a social movement. But if everyone is poor, and there is no relative deprivation, then there will be no social change
what theory does this reflect
relative-deprivation theory
A social movement will emerge when the resources needed for a social movement are present
what theory does this reflect
resource mobilization theory
