Chapter 10 - Family Flashcards
family is ______
diverse
what is nuclear family
it is the family unit - parent(s) and child(ren)
nuclear in this case means “essential”
what is extended family
a family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives
The Wendat (Huron) language of the 17th century had no terms for “nuclear or “extended” family
they instead reffered to them belonging to the same _________
matrilineage
what does matrilineage means
that they are of the same line of decedents following the mothers line
what is a simple household
consists of unrelated (by-blood) adults with or without children
what is a complex household
any family structure involving more than two adults.
“two or more adults who are related but not married to each other and hence could reasonably be expected to live separately”
The marriage rate is ___________ while the ________ rate is rising
marriage
cohabitation
the ______ _______ rate is the number of marriages that occur in a given year per 1000 people in a population
crude marriage rate
the number of common-law (or cohabiting) unions has been rising since the ______
80’s
the age of first marriage is ______, since the _____
rising since the 80’s
what can be said about changes in divorce rates in canada
more divorces overall but the rate is falling
more women are having children in their ______
thirties
______ is the physical ability to conceive
fecundity
when does a woman’s fecundity change
fourth decade of their life
the number of children per family has dropped below the _______ ________
replacement rate
what is the replacement rate in canada
the replacement rate is 2.1, meaning every woman aged 15 to 49 must have 2.1 children
children are now leaving home at a ______ age
later
________ ______ is used to describe the phenomenon in which adult children continue to live at home with their parents
cluttered
_________ _____ describes a household in which children have moved out to live on their own
empty nest
there are more ____ parents, increasing since 1966
lone parents (single parent)
there are more people living ______
alone
125 of canadians age 15+ live alone
families in quebec have the:
_______ cohabitation rate: 38.7%
_______ marriage rate: 2.9% per 100,000
_______ divorce rate: 69.2 per 100 marriages
_______ number of divorced among couples married in the last 30 years: 61% per 100 marriages
________ total births by single women
Highest cohabitation rate: 38.7%
Lowest marriage rate: 2.9% per 100,000
Highest divorce rate: 69.2 per 100 marriages
Highest number of divorced among couples married in the last 30 years: 61% per 100 marriages
Greatest total births by single women
________ roles are the distinctive roles of the husband and wife that result from the division of labor within the family
conjugal (or marital)
________ _______ characterized conjugal roles as being one of two things, what are they?
Elizabeth Bott
segregated - where tasks, interests, and activities are clearly different
joint - in which many tasks, interests and activities are shared
In 2000, _____ _______ wanted to study how conjugal roles were changing from a situation in which they were more or less contemporary to one in which they were companionate
Rob Beujot
how does Rob Beujot differentiate between contemporary roles vs. companionate
contemporary - where men are primary bread winners and women are primarily involved in the unpaid work of children and housework
companionate - the roles overlap
married ______ do more total work than married ____
women
men
what is the meaning of “double burden”, also known as “second shift”
women having to work, along with the double burden of taking care of children and housework
_______ and ________ used the term double ghetto
Pan Armtrong and Hugh Armstrong
what does double ghetto mean as described by Armstrong and Armstrong
it describes the marginalization working women experience in the workplace and in the home
_______ demonstrated that _____- was a greater factor than either relative income or amount of available time in determining how much housework an individual did
Nakhaie
gender
______ _______is a plan of action through which a person tries to solve problems at hand, given the cultural notions of gender at play
gender strategy
who coined the term gender strategy
Arlie Hochschild
what responsibility is the main reason that married women are more likely yo work part time than unmarried men or women
the responsibility for the care of children
the responsibility for the care of children causing some women to work part time is know as _______ _______
occupational segregation
who coined occupational segregation
Beaujot
Women chose occupations in fields with more ________ in terms of childcare-related work interruptions
flexibility
________ is an anthropological term that means “marrying within”
endogamy
what is marrying within
marrying someone of the same ethnic, religious, cultural group as oneself
differentiate between polygamy and polygyny
polygamy - many marriages
polygyny - many wives
__________ and ________ noted a connection between government immigration policy and the denial of family for Black women
Nancy Mandell and Ann Duffy
________ ________ were a program that was created with the almost explicit objective of keeping Indigenous children away from the supposedly harmful influences of their parents and their home communities
residential schools
__________ attempts to destroy a people by imposing measured designed to prevent births within the group
genocide
In 1928 when Alberta passed the Sexual Sterilization Act, what was the purpose of this
sterilizing “mental defectives” so that their “bad genes” would not be passed on
The act reflects belief in eugenics, the flawed notion that a single gene responsible for intelligence was absent in “stupid people”
what is the sixties scoop
a program, beginning in the 1960s of separating large numbers of Indigenous children from their families and home communities
In 2011 Harper removed the legislative requirement to fill the _____-_____ census
what may have this lead to?
long-form census
may have lead to data issues
when did long-form census come back
2016
Those who are more ________ are concerned with there being a husband and wife in the concept of family
conservative
Family of ________ refers to the family into which someone was born and/or raised
orientation
family of _______ refers to the familiy that is formed through marriage and/or having children
procreation
how is cohabitation defined in canada (ie. when are ppl considered common law)
defined in Canada by province by cohabiting with someone for a certain number of years
if common laws break up, what is different for them versus married people getting a divorce
both partners bring what they brought wit them
they do not get half of the assets
dont pay spousal support
(may still pay child support)
what is a census family
Refers to a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a lone parent family in the same dwelling
the definition of census family has changes over time. what was added each of these years
1981?
2001?
2005?
2011?
1981 - common law was added
2001 - same sex couples included in the definition of a familly
2005 - same sex couples could marry
2011 - stats canada inclused data for stepfamilies vs. intact families
the definition of a census family is ________ because it looks at people with statuses (spouses, children), in a particular location (a dwelling)
structural
what is the vanier definition of family
Any combination of two or more persons bound together over time by ties of mutual consent, birth, and/or adoption or placement and who, together, assume responsibilities for variant combinations of physical maintenance, socialization, social control, etc
in the vanier definition of family, name the (6) things the two or more people bound together have responsibility for
Physical maintenance and care of the group members
Addition of new members through procreation
Socialization of children
Social control of members
Production, consumption, distribution of goods and services
Affective nurturance, i.e., love
the vanier definition of family is the most _______
flexible
the vanier definition of family fails so address the complex _______ in family
emotions
ie. not everyone feels loving feelings from their family
name at least 5 changes to the canadian family
(make sure to review the ones you did not name hoe)
Declining marriage rate, rising cohabitation
Rising age of first marriage
More divorces, but divorce rate is falling
More women are having children in their 30s
Decline in the number of children per family
Increase in childless couples
Children leaving home at a later age
More lone parents
More people living alone
who conducted the study that looked at fertility intention in educated young adults (how many children do they want)
Karabchuk, Dulmer and Gatskova
in the study conducted by Karabchuk, Dulmer and Gatskova looking at fertility intention in educated young adults, who had the highest ideal number of average children?
the highest ideal number of average of children was those in the United Arab Emirates at 2.8, followed by Germany at 1.6, Ukraine and Russia at 1.3, and Japan at 1.2
in the study conducted by Karabchuk, Dulmer and Gatskova, what was the strongest predictor of a higher ideal number of children
income, availibility of childcare, and husband’s full employment
______ and ______ countries have very low fertility
european and asian
________ ________ is the average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime that is needed to replace itself from one generation to the next
replacement fertility
_________ ________ is a theory that explains a demographic shift from high birth and death rate to low birth and death rate
demographic transition
what does the theory of demographic transition say about the development of the country in relation to infant mortality
As countries develop from less developed to more developed there is a decline in infant mortality
The theory of demographic transition says that Countries that are in the ______ stages of the demographic transition have less children
higher
who researched childless men
Bozick, Robert
Bozick, Robert found that there is an increasing _________ in fatherhood in the United States
disintrest
how did Bozick and Robert explain the causes of childless showing less interest in fatherhood in regards of strucutral explainations
Economic uncertainty and job displacement may have caused a decline in fertility rates
When men feel they are unable to fill the role of provider, they desire fewer children
how did Bozick and Robert explain the causes of childless showing less interest in fatherhood in regards of evolutionairy explainations
socioeconomic success is a signal of one’s biological fitness to have children
When they have economic success, it is a biological sign that he is a good father
how did Bozick and Robert explain the causes of childless showing less interest in fatherhood in regards of cultural explanations
changing norms regarding family structure
Developed countries have seen a shift away from traditional family values toward the evaluation of personal fulfillment
The social identity of being a breadwinner may have been decreasing over time
how did Bozick and Robert explain the causes of childless showing less interest in fatherhood in regards of
a decrease in testosterone, lower sperm quality across men in a generation
Shift in sexual pursuits to self-happiness pursuits
what are some consequences of men not having children (5)
Childless men are more likely to engage in criminal behavior
Higher rates of depression
Higher rates of obesity
Higher rates of premature debt
Those who do not intend to be fathers, may become a father unintentionally and thus may not be able to be involved with their children
what is a positive of men not having children
caring for aging parent s
Bozick and robert say the cause for men having more children is unknown but the ______ and _______ are the most important
economic and cultural
35% of young adults in Canada aged 20 to 34 live with their _______
parents
prior to 1968, one spouse had to offer what in order to obtain a divorce
evidence of fault
eg. assault
providing evidence was hard
what did the 1968 Divorce act say
This legislation introduced, “No Fault Divorce”
You no longer had to prove your partner was abusing you, cheating on you, you just needed to be away from them for 3 years or more
changed to one year in 1986
since the divorce act changed there has been an increase in _____ ______ marriages
common law
There was a __________ in divorce rate during Covid
because it was hard to get a divorce during this time because the inefficiency of the administration of the family courts during this time
_______ _____ is when you are in a relationship with someone who is in a different visible minority status
mixed union
differentiate between endogamy and exogamy
Endogamy: marrying within the same ethnic, religious, or cultural group
Exogamy: marrying outside one’s religious, ethnic, or cultural group
Public opinion stats say that the presence of ________ is important in defining a family
children
________ said that sexual infidelity is widespread, many people cheat
anderson
what did eric anderson say monogamy was like
sexual incarnation
_________ wrote the “monogamy gap”
eric anderson
what did eric anderson say about monogomous relationships in the heterosexual world
not natural
eric anderson think monogomy is _____ to men who want lots of _______
unfair
sex
define polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry
Polygamy: marriage to more than one spouse at the same time
Polygyny: when a man is married to more than one woman
Polyandry: when a woman is married to more than one man
_______ is the act of getting married while alreadt married to someone else
bigamy
_________ involved several loves, but not necessairily being married to them
polyamory
which one is legal
polygamy
polygyny
polyandry
bigamy
polyamory
polyamory cause you arent married
what theory relates to the family that men and women are innately equipped to do tasks in the household
Men are better in the labor market, women are better looking after children
functionalism
what theory says there is conflict and power differentials in families and relationships
conflict theory
what theory views the family as inequality. Looks at the gender socialization of families and how children are taught gender roles
feminist theories
__________ __________ what the family means in society
symbolic interactionism
symbolic interactionism states that there is a lot of prestige that comes with an ______ familty
intact
the ________ _______ theory argues that every relationship is between benefits and costs
social exchange theory
the social exchange theory states that in every relationship we ____ and we _____
People want to maximize their ______ from relationships whether through tangible or intangible goods
give and take
profits
