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Sociology 1025 > Chapter 10 - Family > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Family Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

family is ______

A

diverse

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2
Q

what is nuclear family

A

it is the family unit - parent(s) and child(ren)

nuclear in this case means “essential”

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3
Q

what is extended family

A

a family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives

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4
Q

The Wendat (Huron) language of the 17th century had no terms for “nuclear or “extended” family

they instead reffered to them belonging to the same _________

A

matrilineage

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5
Q

what does matrilineage means

A

that they are of the same line of decedents following the mothers line

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6
Q

what is a simple household

A

consists of unrelated (by-blood) adults with or without children

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7
Q

what is a complex household

A

any family structure involving more than two adults.

“two or more adults who are related but not married to each other and hence could reasonably be expected to live separately”

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8
Q

The marriage rate is ___________ while the ________ rate is rising

A

marriage

cohabitation

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9
Q

the ______ _______ rate is the number of marriages that occur in a given year per 1000 people in a population

A

crude marriage rate

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10
Q

the number of common-law (or cohabiting) unions has been rising since the ______

A

80’s

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11
Q

the age of first marriage is ______, since the _____

A

rising since the 80’s

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12
Q

what can be said about changes in divorce rates in canada

A

more divorces overall but the rate is falling

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13
Q

more women are having children in their ______

A

thirties

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14
Q

______ is the physical ability to conceive

A

fecundity

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15
Q

when does a woman’s fecundity change

A

fourth decade of their life

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16
Q

the number of children per family has dropped below the _______ ________

A

replacement rate

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17
Q

what is the replacement rate in canada

A

the replacement rate is 2.1, meaning every woman aged 15 to 49 must have 2.1 children

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18
Q

children are now leaving home at a ______ age

A

later

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19
Q

________ ______ is used to describe the phenomenon in which adult children continue to live at home with their parents

A

cluttered

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20
Q

_________ _____ describes a household in which children have moved out to live on their own

A

empty nest

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21
Q

there are more ____ parents, increasing since 1966

A

lone parents (single parent)

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22
Q

there are more people living ______

A

alone

125 of canadians age 15+ live alone

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23
Q

families in quebec have the:

_______ cohabitation rate: 38.7%

_______ marriage rate: 2.9% per 100,000

_______ divorce rate: 69.2 per 100 marriages

_______ number of divorced among couples married in the last 30 years: 61% per 100 marriages

________ total births by single women

A

Highest cohabitation rate: 38.7%
Lowest marriage rate: 2.9% per 100,000
Highest divorce rate: 69.2 per 100 marriages
Highest number of divorced among couples married in the last 30 years: 61% per 100 marriages
Greatest total births by single women

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24
Q

________ roles are the distinctive roles of the husband and wife that result from the division of labor within the family

A

conjugal (or marital)

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25
Q

________ _______ characterized conjugal roles as being one of two things, what are they?

A

Elizabeth Bott

segregated - where tasks, interests, and activities are clearly different

joint - in which many tasks, interests and activities are shared

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26
Q

In 2000, _____ _______ wanted to study how conjugal roles were changing from a situation in which they were more or less contemporary to one in which they were companionate

A

Rob Beujot

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27
Q

how does Rob Beujot differentiate between contemporary roles vs. companionate

A

contemporary - where men are primary bread winners and women are primarily involved in the unpaid work of children and housework

companionate - the roles overlap

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28
Q

married ______ do more total work than married ____

A

women

men

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29
Q

what is the meaning of “double burden”, also known as “second shift”

A

women having to work, along with the double burden of taking care of children and housework

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30
Q

_______ and ________ used the term double ghetto

A

Pan Armtrong and Hugh Armstrong

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31
Q

what does double ghetto mean as described by Armstrong and Armstrong

A

it describes the marginalization working women experience in the workplace and in the home

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32
Q

_______ demonstrated that _____- was a greater factor than either relative income or amount of available time in determining how much housework an individual did

A

Nakhaie

gender

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33
Q

______ _______is a plan of action through which a person tries to solve problems at hand, given the cultural notions of gender at play

A

gender strategy

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34
Q

who coined the term gender strategy

A

Arlie Hochschild

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35
Q

what responsibility is the main reason that married women are more likely yo work part time than unmarried men or women

A

the responsibility for the care of children

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36
Q

the responsibility for the care of children causing some women to work part time is know as _______ _______

A

occupational segregation

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37
Q

who coined occupational segregation

A

Beaujot

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38
Q

Women chose occupations in fields with more ________ in terms of childcare-related work interruptions

A

flexibility

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39
Q

________ is an anthropological term that means “marrying within”

A

endogamy

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40
Q

what is marrying within

A

marrying someone of the same ethnic, religious, cultural group as oneself

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41
Q

differentiate between polygamy and polygyny

A

polygamy - many marriages

polygyny - many wives

42
Q

__________ and ________ noted a connection between government immigration policy and the denial of family for Black women

A

Nancy Mandell and Ann Duffy

43
Q

________ ________ were a program that was created with the almost explicit objective of keeping Indigenous children away from the supposedly harmful influences of their parents and their home communities

A

residential schools

44
Q

__________ attempts to destroy a people by imposing measured designed to prevent births within the group

A

genocide

45
Q

In 1928 when Alberta passed the Sexual Sterilization Act, what was the purpose of this

A

sterilizing “mental defectives” so that their “bad genes” would not be passed on

The act reflects belief in eugenics, the flawed notion that a single gene responsible for intelligence was absent in “stupid people”

46
Q

what is the sixties scoop

A

a program, beginning in the 1960s of separating large numbers of Indigenous children from their families and home communities

47
Q

In 2011 Harper removed the legislative requirement to fill the _____-_____ census

what may have this lead to?

A

long-form census

may have lead to data issues

48
Q

when did long-form census come back

A

2016

49
Q

Those who are more ________ are concerned with there being a husband and wife in the concept of family

A

conservative

50
Q

Family of ________ refers to the family into which someone was born and/or raised

A

orientation

51
Q

family of _______ refers to the familiy that is formed through marriage and/or having children

A

procreation

52
Q

how is cohabitation defined in canada (ie. when are ppl considered common law)

A

defined in Canada by province by cohabiting with someone for a certain number of years

53
Q

if common laws break up, what is different for them versus married people getting a divorce

A

both partners bring what they brought wit them

they do not get half of the assets

dont pay spousal support

(may still pay child support)

54
Q

what is a census family

A

Refers to a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a lone parent family in the same dwelling

55
Q

the definition of census family has changes over time. what was added each of these years

1981?
2001?
2005?
2011?

A

1981 - common law was added
2001 - same sex couples included in the definition of a familly
2005 - same sex couples could marry
2011 - stats canada inclused data for stepfamilies vs. intact families

56
Q

the definition of a census family is ________ because it looks at people with statuses (spouses, children), in a particular location (a dwelling)

A

structural

57
Q

what is the vanier definition of family

A

Any combination of two or more persons bound together over time by ties of mutual consent, birth, and/or adoption or placement and who, together, assume responsibilities for variant combinations of physical maintenance, socialization, social control, etc

58
Q

in the vanier definition of family, name the (6) things the two or more people bound together have responsibility for

A

Physical maintenance and care of the group members
Addition of new members through procreation
Socialization of children
Social control of members
Production, consumption, distribution of goods and services
Affective nurturance, i.e., love

59
Q

the vanier definition of family is the most _______

A

flexible

60
Q

the vanier definition of family fails so address the complex _______ in family

A

emotions

ie. not everyone feels loving feelings from their family

61
Q

name at least 5 changes to the canadian family

(make sure to review the ones you did not name hoe)

A

Declining marriage rate, rising cohabitation
Rising age of first marriage
More divorces, but divorce rate is falling
More women are having children in their 30s
Decline in the number of children per family
Increase in childless couples
Children leaving home at a later age
More lone parents
More people living alone

62
Q

who conducted the study that looked at fertility intention in educated young adults (how many children do they want)

A

Karabchuk, Dulmer and Gatskova

63
Q

in the study conducted by Karabchuk, Dulmer and Gatskova looking at fertility intention in educated young adults, who had the highest ideal number of average children?

A

the highest ideal number of average of children was those in the United Arab Emirates at 2.8, followed by Germany at 1.6, Ukraine and Russia at 1.3, and Japan at 1.2

64
Q

in the study conducted by Karabchuk, Dulmer and Gatskova, what was the strongest predictor of a higher ideal number of children

A

income, availibility of childcare, and husband’s full employment

65
Q

______ and ______ countries have very low fertility

A

european and asian

66
Q

________ ________ is the average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime that is needed to replace itself from one generation to the next

A

replacement fertility

67
Q

_________ ________ is a theory that explains a demographic shift from high birth and death rate to low birth and death rate

A

demographic transition

68
Q

what does the theory of demographic transition say about the development of the country in relation to infant mortality

A

As countries develop from less developed to more developed there is a decline in infant mortality

69
Q

The theory of demographic transition says that Countries that are in the ______ stages of the demographic transition have less children

A

higher

70
Q

who researched childless men

A

Bozick, Robert

71
Q

Bozick, Robert found that there is an increasing _________ in fatherhood in the United States

A

disintrest

72
Q

how did Bozick and Robert explain the causes of childless showing less interest in fatherhood in regards of strucutral explainations

A

Economic uncertainty and job displacement may have caused a decline in fertility rates

When men feel they are unable to fill the role of provider, they desire fewer children

73
Q

how did Bozick and Robert explain the causes of childless showing less interest in fatherhood in regards of evolutionairy explainations

A

socioeconomic success is a signal of one’s biological fitness to have children

When they have economic success, it is a biological sign that he is a good father

74
Q

how did Bozick and Robert explain the causes of childless showing less interest in fatherhood in regards of cultural explanations

A

changing norms regarding family structure

Developed countries have seen a shift away from traditional family values toward the evaluation of personal fulfillment

The social identity of being a breadwinner may have been decreasing over time

75
Q

how did Bozick and Robert explain the causes of childless showing less interest in fatherhood in regards of

A

a decrease in testosterone, lower sperm quality across men in a generation

Shift in sexual pursuits to self-happiness pursuits

76
Q

what are some consequences of men not having children (5)

A

Childless men are more likely to engage in criminal behavior

Higher rates of depression

Higher rates of obesity

Higher rates of premature debt

Those who do not intend to be fathers, may become a father unintentionally and thus may not be able to be involved with their children

77
Q

what is a positive of men not having children

A

caring for aging parent s

78
Q

Bozick and robert say the cause for men having more children is unknown but the ______ and _______ are the most important

A

economic and cultural

79
Q

35% of young adults in Canada aged 20 to 34 live with their _______

A

parents

80
Q

prior to 1968, one spouse had to offer what in order to obtain a divorce

A

evidence of fault

eg. assault

providing evidence was hard

81
Q

what did the 1968 Divorce act say

A

This legislation introduced, “No Fault Divorce”

You no longer had to prove your partner was abusing you, cheating on you, you just needed to be away from them for 3 years or more

changed to one year in 1986

82
Q

since the divorce act changed there has been an increase in _____ ______ marriages

A

common law

83
Q

There was a __________ in divorce rate during Covid

A

because it was hard to get a divorce during this time because the inefficiency of the administration of the family courts during this time

84
Q

_______ _____ is when you are in a relationship with someone who is in a different visible minority status

A

mixed union

85
Q

differentiate between endogamy and exogamy

A

Endogamy: marrying within the same ethnic, religious, or cultural group
Exogamy: marrying outside one’s religious, ethnic, or cultural group

86
Q

Public opinion stats say that the presence of ________ is important in defining a family

A

children

87
Q

________ said that sexual infidelity is widespread, many people cheat

A

anderson

88
Q

what did eric anderson say monogamy was like

A

sexual incarnation

89
Q

_________ wrote the “monogamy gap”

A

eric anderson

90
Q

what did eric anderson say about monogomous relationships in the heterosexual world

A

not natural

91
Q

eric anderson think monogomy is _____ to men who want lots of _______

A

unfair

sex

92
Q

define polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry

A

Polygamy: marriage to more than one spouse at the same time
Polygyny: when a man is married to more than one woman
Polyandry: when a woman is married to more than one man

93
Q

_______ is the act of getting married while alreadt married to someone else

A

bigamy

94
Q

_________ involved several loves, but not necessairily being married to them

A

polyamory

95
Q

which one is legal

polygamy
polygyny
polyandry
bigamy
polyamory

A

polyamory cause you arent married

96
Q

what theory relates to the family that men and women are innately equipped to do tasks in the household

Men are better in the labor market, women are better looking after children

A

functionalism

97
Q

what theory says there is conflict and power differentials in families and relationships

A

conflict theory

98
Q

what theory views the family as inequality. Looks at the gender socialization of families and how children are taught gender roles

A

feminist theories

99
Q

__________ __________ what the family means in society

A

symbolic interactionism

100
Q

symbolic interactionism states that there is a lot of prestige that comes with an ______ familty

A

intact

101
Q

the ________ _______ theory argues that every relationship is between benefits and costs

A

social exchange theory

102
Q

the social exchange theory states that in every relationship we ____ and we _____

People want to maximize their ______ from relationships whether through tangible or intangible goods

A

give and take

profits

Sociology 1025 (13 decks)

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