Chapter 6 - Deviance, Social Control, and Crime

Question 1

what is deviance

Answer 1

the violation of established contexutual, cultural or social norms

usually folkways, mores or codefied law

Question 2

Deviance varies across _____ and ______

Answer 2

Deviance varies across time and space

Question 3

t or f

deviance is always bad

Answer 3

False
Deviance is not always negative

can be deviant for being too good (the stigma of excellence of being “just right) like the A+ student whose called a nerd or a brow noser – or someone not accepting alc on a night out ( can be devious in some contexts but not others)

Question 4

a person must be _______ as deviant to be treated differently

Answer 4

perceived

Question 5

accusations of deviance have ______ even for the falsely accused

Answer 5

consequences

Question 6

what is criminology

Answer 6

interdisciplinary profession built around scientific study of criminal behaviour including their foreign causes

Question 7

give an example of how norm deviance is not necessarily criminal

Answer 7

men wearing nail polish, gender appearance

Question 8

what is the diff between crime and deviance

Answer 8

some group of ppl have defied a specific behavior to the point we need law for it (kush laws)

Question 9

what is the relation between crime and deviance

Answer 9

all crime is deviant but not all deviance is crime

Question 10

it is ______ to be deviant all the time or even sometimes because of how people will react or treat you

Answer 10

painful

Question 11

what is the meaning of having a stake in conformity

Answer 11

we feel like we have something to lose if we do not conform. We have made investments in conformity (e.g. saying something unkind can jeopardize important relationships)

Question 12

what is the meaning of axiomatic

Answer 12

assumed – that most ppl desire acceptance/conformity

Question 13

When we violate folkways, ppl probably aren’t going to confront you on it directly or verbally (no ones gonna point out a fart)
Instead they use _______ ______ ______ _______

Answer 13

informal social control mechanisms - may give a dirty look, make a negative facial expression, gasp etc..

Question 14

what is a sanction

Answer 14

sanctions can be pos or neg

they may not be verbal

they are ways of reacting to things to tell person whether it is good or bad

Question 15

this with more _____ tend to be shielded from informal social control, making ti easier for them to violate folkways

Answer 15

power

Question 16

what is formal social control

Answer 16

violating mores is a serious violation – punishments could be prison – agents of it - teachers, judges, police, psychiatrists

formal social controls are specific sanctions applied to those who violate mores

Question 17

what are the agents of informal social control

Answer 17

other members of society

Question 18

what are the agents of formal social control

Answer 18

police, millitary, state

teachers, social workers, doctors

Question 19

deviance is ______ specific

Answer 19

culturally

eg. eating cow in india is bad

Question 20

___________ subcultures have their own set or norms – eg, academia where its deviant to plagiarize

Answer 20

occupational

Question 21

who came up with strain theory

Answer 21

robert merton

believe that the social structure caused deviance

Question 22

what is strain theory according to robert merton

Answer 22

he wasa functionalist who thought that the social stucture caused deviance

people location in the social structure could result in strain that would push them into deviance

Question 23

what re the two cultural elements that interact in strain theory to produce potentially deviant behavior

Answer 23

culturally defined goals - eg. acquiring wealth, occupying prestige, and power

socially approved means for obtaining them - those who do not have the socially approved mans will resort to deviance

Question 24

what are legitamite vs illegitamate means

Answer 24

legitamate means : hard work, hoensty, education,
etc

illigitamate - theft, dihonesty, cheating, fraud

Question 25

what are some limitations of the strain theory

Answer 25

doesnt explain why youth who dont exp strain mat resort to drugs

why is there a gendr gap in crime when women face more discrimination

Question 26

Edwin Sutherland’s (1939) differential association theory
explain it

Answer 26

he challenged the assumption that crime was a low class thing. He saw people living “the good life” committing crimes styll

Acc to the theory – acquisition is crime behave is a learned prosses, ppl learn to be criminals

Crim skills, techniques, and justifications are learnt from other criminals – not only do you learn how to be a criminal you learn how to justify it (view it as okay)
You are hanging out wit ppl that view the behave In a pos light

Question 27

albert bandura did an Experiment with youth looking at how children learn to be violent / imitate aggression

what theroy did this inspire. explain

Answer 27

Desensitization theory – argues that repeated exposure to violence lessens its emotional impact – the more they see it, the less they will be affected by it

Question 28

what is cultivation theory

Answer 28

ppls emotional reactions are not diminished by exposure to violence, rather ppls thinking changes with repeated exposure –
ppl are more likely to see reality as its depicted on TV

we start to change our behave to feel safe (maybe we see world are dangerous place, trying to self preserve)

Question 29

criminals drift between ________ and ________.

Answer 29

deviance and constraint

Question 30

______ and ______ (1957) suggest that offenders develop a distinct set of justifications for law-violating behavior

Answer 30

skyes and matza

Question 31

what are the four elements of hirchi’s social control theory

Answer 31

Attachment
Commitment
Involvement
Belief

Question 32

who did the saints and roughneck’s experiment

Answer 32

william chambliss

Question 33

what was the roughneck’s experimetn

Answer 33

he folloed “saints’ and “rouchneck” kids and found that there were doing the same bad things

The school views the roughneck boys as more problematic tho still
The difference is in the way the teachers reacted to the two twgourps, and how their social class (rn or saint) could eliviate deviant labels for the saint

Visibility – skipping school they could drive to next town over, could be more carful with who saw
Demeanor – if the saints were caught they would just simply apologize and seen as good boys letting off steam. The saints were polite and respectful, whilst the rn were seen drinking and when got caught they had less nice demeanor – views as trouble makers
Perceptual bias – both groups engaged in underage drinking but the community saw drinking in an establishment better than on street corner.