Chapter 6 - Deviance, Social Control, and Crime Flashcards
what is deviance
the violation of established contexutual, cultural or social norms
usually folkways, mores or codefied law
Deviance varies across _____ and ______
Deviance varies across time and space
t or f
deviance is always bad
False
Deviance is not always negative
can be deviant for being too good (the stigma of excellence of being “just right) like the A+ student whose called a nerd or a brow noser – or someone not accepting alc on a night out ( can be devious in some contexts but not others)
a person must be _______ as deviant to be treated differently
perceived
accusations of deviance have ______ even for the falsely accused
consequences
what is criminology
interdisciplinary profession built around scientific study of criminal behaviour including their foreign causes
give an example of how norm deviance is not necessarily criminal
men wearing nail polish, gender appearance
what is the diff between crime and deviance
some group of ppl have defied a specific behavior to the point we need law for it (kush laws)
what is the relation between crime and deviance
all crime is deviant but not all deviance is crime
it is ______ to be deviant all the time or even sometimes because of how people will react or treat you
painful
what is the meaning of having a stake in conformity
we feel like we have something to lose if we do not conform. We have made investments in conformity (e.g. saying something unkind can jeopardize important relationships)
what is the meaning of axiomatic
assumed – that most ppl desire acceptance/conformity
When we violate folkways, ppl probably aren’t going to confront you on it directly or verbally (no ones gonna point out a fart)
Instead they use _______ ______ ______ _______
informal social control mechanisms - may give a dirty look, make a negative facial expression, gasp etc..
what is a sanction
sanctions can be pos or neg
they may not be verbal
they are ways of reacting to things to tell person whether it is good or bad
this with more _____ tend to be shielded from informal social control, making ti easier for them to violate folkways
power
what is formal social control
violating mores is a serious violation – punishments could be prison – agents of it - teachers, judges, police, psychiatrists
formal social controls are specific sanctions applied to those who violate mores
what are the agents of informal social control
other members of society
what are the agents of formal social control
police, millitary, state
teachers, social workers, doctors
deviance is ______ specific
culturally
eg. eating cow in india is bad
___________ subcultures have their own set or norms – eg, academia where its deviant to plagiarize
occupational
who came up with strain theory
robert merton
believe that the social structure caused deviance
what is strain theory according to robert merton
he wasa functionalist who thought that the social stucture caused deviance
people location in the social structure could result in strain that would push them into deviance
what re the two cultural elements that interact in strain theory to produce potentially deviant behavior
culturally defined goals - eg. acquiring wealth, occupying prestige, and power
socially approved means for obtaining them - those who do not have the socially approved mans will resort to deviance
what are legitamite vs illegitamate means
legitamate means : hard work, hoensty, education,
etc
illigitamate - theft, dihonesty, cheating, fraud
what are some limitations of the strain theory
doesnt explain why youth who dont exp strain mat resort to drugs
why is there a gendr gap in crime when women face more discrimination
Edwin Sutherland’s (1939) differential association theory
explain it
he challenged the assumption that crime was a low class thing. He saw people living “the good life” committing crimes styll
Acc to the theory – acquisition is crime behave is a learned prosses, ppl learn to be criminals
Crim skills, techniques, and justifications are learnt from other criminals – not only do you learn how to be a criminal you learn how to justify it (view it as okay)
You are hanging out wit ppl that view the behave In a pos light
albert bandura did an Experiment with youth looking at how children learn to be violent / imitate aggression
what theroy did this inspire. explain
Desensitization theory – argues that repeated exposure to violence lessens its emotional impact – the more they see it, the less they will be affected by it
what is cultivation theory
ppls emotional reactions are not diminished by exposure to violence, rather ppls thinking changes with repeated exposure –
ppl are more likely to see reality as its depicted on TV
we start to change our behave to feel safe (maybe we see world are dangerous place, trying to self preserve)
criminals drift between ________ and ________.
deviance and constraint
______ and ______ (1957) suggest that offenders develop a distinct set of justifications for law-violating behavior
skyes and matza
what are the four elements of hirchi’s social control theory
Attachment
Commitment
Involvement
Belief
who did the saints and roughneck’s experiment
william chambliss
what was the roughneck’s experimetn
he folloed “saints’ and “rouchneck” kids and found that there were doing the same bad things
The school views the roughneck boys as more problematic tho still
The difference is in the way the teachers reacted to the two twgourps, and how their social class (rn or saint) could eliviate deviant labels for the saint
Visibility – skipping school they could drive to next town over, could be more carful with who saw
Demeanor – if the saints were caught they would just simply apologize and seen as good boys letting off steam. The saints were polite and respectful, whilst the rn were seen drinking and when got caught they had less nice demeanor – views as trouble makers
Perceptual bias – both groups engaged in underage drinking but the community saw drinking in an establishment better than on street corner.
