Chapter 8 Pt 2) Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint

A
  • Most freely movable joint. Sacrifices stability for movment
  • Ball and socket joint
    • Large head og humerus fits into shallow glenoid cavity
  • Articular Capsule is Loose and thin
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2
Q

Shouler Joint (Ligaments)

A
  • Glenoid Labrum) Rim of fibrocartlidge that covers the Glenoid Cavity
    • Adds some depth, cavity covers 1/3rd of humerus.
  • Coracohumeral Ligament) Helps support weight of upper limb
  • Three Glenohumeral Ligaments) Strenghten anterior capsule, but provide weak support.
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3
Q

Shoulder Joint (Muscles)

A
  • Subscapularus
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspanitus
  • Teres Minor
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4
Q

Shoulder Dislocation

A
  • Common injures due to mobility in the shoulder
  • Structures are weakest anteriorly and inferiorly
    • Shoulders dislocate forward and downward.
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5
Q

Elbow Joint

A
  • Where Humeus artiucalates with the radius and ulna. Forms hinge joint with trochlear notch (and ulna)
    • Allows for flexion and extension
  • Anular Ligament) Surrounds head of radius
    • Allows for supination and pronation of the radius.
  • Two Ligaments restrict side to side movment
    • Ulnar Collateral Ligament) Medial
    • Radial Collateral Ligament) Lateral.
  • Tendons from arm muscles (bicep and tricep) also provide stability.
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6
Q

Hip (Coxal) Joint

A
  • Ball and Socket joint with good stability. Head of Femur articulates with the acetabulum.
  • Good range or motion but limited by deep socket.
  • Acatabular Labrum) Rim of Fibrocartlidge that enhances depth of socket.
  • Reinforcing Ligaments
    • Illiofemoral ligament) V shape
    • Pubofemoral Ligament) Triangular
    • Ishchiofemoral ligament
    • Ligament of head of femur (ligamentum teres)
      • Slack in most hip movments.
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7
Q

Knee Joint (overview)

A
  • Largest, Most complex joint of the body
  • Consists of three joints in one
    • Femoropatellar Joint) Intermediate joint between patlla and femur
      • Plane Joint. Patella glides on distal end of femur
    • Lateral Joint and Medial Joint) Form Tibiofibular joimt
      • Between femeroal condyles and menisci of tibia.
  • Menisci) Deepen atricular surface, prevent side to side rocking. Coshion Joint
  • Joint is a hinge join that allows flexion, extension, and some rotation
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8
Q

Knee Joint (External Structures)

A
  • Joint Capsusle) Thin and absent anteriorly
  • Medial and Lateral Patellar Retinacula) flank patellar ligament
  • Patellar Ligament) End of quadraceps tendon that connects to patella.

Synovial cavity of knee joint is complicated

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9
Q

Knee Joint (Extracapsular and Capsular Ligaments)

A
  • Help Prevent Hyperextension of the Knee
  • Fibular and Tibial Collateral Ligaments) Prevents lateral or medial rotation when knee is extended.
  • Oblique Popliteal Ligament) Tendon of semimembranous mucle that is fused with the joint capsule.
    • Stabilizes posterior knee joint
  • Arcuate Poplietal ligament) arcs superiorly from head of the fibula over the popliteus muscle and reinforces joint capsule posteriorly.
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10
Q

Knee Joint (Interior Capsular Joints)

A
  • Called Cruciate Ligaments because they cross forming an X
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) attaches on anterior tibia and runs superiorly to the lateral condyle of femur
    • Stops Hyper extension
  • Posteiro Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Attaches to posteior Tibia, runs ateriorly, supeorly and medialy to the medial condyle of the femur.
    • Stops backwards sliding of tibia
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11
Q

Knee Homeostatic Imbalance

A
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12
Q

Cartlidge tears

A
  • Compression and Sheer stress
  • Does not heal itself, requires surgery to heal.
  • Removal means less stable but more mobile joints. Complete removal leads to osteoarthritus.
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13
Q

Sprains

A
  • Reinforcing Ligaments of Joints are streatched or torn
    • Common in ankle elbow, knee, and lumbar bacl
  • Partial tears can heal
  • Full tears you can
    • Sew ligamnts back together
    • Replace ligaments with graphss
    • Allow time and immobilzation to heal.
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14
Q

Dislocation (General)

A
  • Bones forced out of allinments
  • Accompanied by strains, inflammation, and difficulty moving.
  • Sublaxation) partial dislocation.
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15
Q

Bursitis and Tendonitis

A
  • Bursitis) Inflmation of Bursae, usually caused by blow or friction
  • Tendonitis) Inflmation of tendon sheaths, typically caused by overuse.
  • Both are treated with RICE and anti-inflamatory drugs.
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16
Q

Arthritis

A
  • Over 100 diffrent types of inflamatory or degenerative desieses.
  • Symptoms) pain, stiffness, swelling
17
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A
  • Most common form of Arthritis
  • Irreversiable degenerative damage caused when cartlidfe is broken down faster than it is replaced
    • Creates bone Spurs that cause pain
  • Joints become stiff and crunch
  • Treatment) moderate activity, pain relicers, and capsacsin creams\
18
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A
  • Chronic autoimmune desiese. Unknown cause but immune system attacks our own cells.
  • Synovial membrane tissue harends into a substance called Pannus that clings to articular cartlidge
    • This connects articulating bones.
  • Treatment) sterioidal and nonsterioudal anti inflamitory drugs.
19
Q

Gouty Arthritis

A
  • Deposit of Uric Acid Crystals in joints and soft tissues
    *
20
Q

Lyme Desiese

A
  • Caused by tick bites
  • May lead to arthritis. Can be trateated with long term antibiotics.