Chapter 8 Pt 2) Joints Flashcards
1
Q
Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint
A
- Most freely movable joint. Sacrifices stability for movment
- Ball and socket joint
- Large head og humerus fits into shallow glenoid cavity
- Articular Capsule is Loose and thin
2
Q
Shouler Joint (Ligaments)
A
- Glenoid Labrum) Rim of fibrocartlidge that covers the Glenoid Cavity
- Adds some depth, cavity covers 1/3rd of humerus.
- Coracohumeral Ligament) Helps support weight of upper limb
- Three Glenohumeral Ligaments) Strenghten anterior capsule, but provide weak support.
3
Q
Shoulder Joint (Muscles)
A
- Subscapularus
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspanitus
- Teres Minor
4
Q
Shoulder Dislocation
A
- Common injures due to mobility in the shoulder
- Structures are weakest anteriorly and inferiorly
- Shoulders dislocate forward and downward.
5
Q
Elbow Joint
A
- Where Humeus artiucalates with the radius and ulna. Forms hinge joint with trochlear notch (and ulna)
- Allows for flexion and extension
- Anular Ligament) Surrounds head of radius
- Allows for supination and pronation of the radius.
- Two Ligaments restrict side to side movment
- Ulnar Collateral Ligament) Medial
- Radial Collateral Ligament) Lateral.
- Tendons from arm muscles (bicep and tricep) also provide stability.
6
Q
Hip (Coxal) Joint
A
- Ball and Socket joint with good stability. Head of Femur articulates with the acetabulum.
- Good range or motion but limited by deep socket.
- Acatabular Labrum) Rim of Fibrocartlidge that enhances depth of socket.
- Reinforcing Ligaments
- Illiofemoral ligament) V shape
- Pubofemoral Ligament) Triangular
- Ishchiofemoral ligament
- Ligament of head of femur (ligamentum teres)
- Slack in most hip movments.
7
Q
Knee Joint (overview)
A
- Largest, Most complex joint of the body
- Consists of three joints in one
- Femoropatellar Joint) Intermediate joint between patlla and femur
- Plane Joint. Patella glides on distal end of femur
- Lateral Joint and Medial Joint) Form Tibiofibular joimt
- Between femeroal condyles and menisci of tibia.
- Femoropatellar Joint) Intermediate joint between patlla and femur
- Menisci) Deepen atricular surface, prevent side to side rocking. Coshion Joint
- Joint is a hinge join that allows flexion, extension, and some rotation
8
Q
Knee Joint (External Structures)
A
- Joint Capsusle) Thin and absent anteriorly
- Medial and Lateral Patellar Retinacula) flank patellar ligament
- Patellar Ligament) End of quadraceps tendon that connects to patella.
Synovial cavity of knee joint is complicated
9
Q
Knee Joint (Extracapsular and Capsular Ligaments)
A
- Help Prevent Hyperextension of the Knee
- Fibular and Tibial Collateral Ligaments) Prevents lateral or medial rotation when knee is extended.
- Oblique Popliteal Ligament) Tendon of semimembranous mucle that is fused with the joint capsule.
- Stabilizes posterior knee joint
- Arcuate Poplietal ligament) arcs superiorly from head of the fibula over the popliteus muscle and reinforces joint capsule posteriorly.
10
Q
Knee Joint (Interior Capsular Joints)
A
- Called Cruciate Ligaments because they cross forming an X
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) attaches on anterior tibia and runs superiorly to the lateral condyle of femur
- Stops Hyper extension
- Posteiro Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Attaches to posteior Tibia, runs ateriorly, supeorly and medialy to the medial condyle of the femur.
- Stops backwards sliding of tibia
11
Q
Knee Homeostatic Imbalance
A
12
Q
Cartlidge tears
A
- Compression and Sheer stress
- Does not heal itself, requires surgery to heal.
- Removal means less stable but more mobile joints. Complete removal leads to osteoarthritus.
13
Q
Sprains
A
- Reinforcing Ligaments of Joints are streatched or torn
- Common in ankle elbow, knee, and lumbar bacl
- Partial tears can heal
- Full tears you can
- Sew ligamnts back together
- Replace ligaments with graphss
- Allow time and immobilzation to heal.
14
Q
Dislocation (General)
A
- Bones forced out of allinments
- Accompanied by strains, inflammation, and difficulty moving.
- Sublaxation) partial dislocation.
15
Q
Bursitis and Tendonitis
A
- Bursitis) Inflmation of Bursae, usually caused by blow or friction
- Tendonitis) Inflmation of tendon sheaths, typically caused by overuse.
- Both are treated with RICE and anti-inflamatory drugs.