Chapter 7 Part 2) Appendicular skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicular Skeleton (regions)

A
  • Pectoral Girdle) Attaches arm bones to the body trunk
  • Pelvic Girlde) Attaches lower limbs to body trunk.
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2
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A
  • Clavicles and Scapulae
  • Attach limbs to axial skeleton. Also provide attachemnt sites for teh muscles that move upper limbs.
  • Very mobile because
    • Scapulae is not attached to external skeleton
    • Socket of shoulder joint is shallow and does not restrict movment.
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3
Q

Clavicle

A
  • S- shaped bone.
  • Sternal end atriculates with the sternum medially
  • Acromial end (flattened end) articulates with the scapula. (curved shape)
  • Acts as an anchor for muscles or as braces to hold the scapulae and arms out laterally.
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4
Q

Scapula

A
  • Thin, triangular flat bones on dorsal (back) surface of rib cage.
  • Has three boarders
    • Superior) shortest, sharpest boarder (top of clavicle)
    • Medial (Vertebreal) Runs parallel to the spine
    • Lateral (auxillary) Near armpit, ends superiorly in glenoid cavity fossa (shoulder joint)
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5
Q

The Upper Limb

A
  • Arm) Formed by the humerus
  • Forearm) formed by the radius and ulna
  • Hand)
    • 8 carpal bones in the wrist
    • 5 metacarpal bones in the palm
    • 14 phalanges in the fingers
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6
Q

Humerus

A
  • Longest, Largest bone of the arm.
  • Artculates superiorly with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
  • Artucilates inferiorly with the radius and ulna.
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7
Q

Ulna

A
  • Meidal Bone of the Forearm
  • Forms the major portion of the elbow joint with the humerus
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8
Q

Radius

A
  • Lateral Bone in forarm
  • Head articulated wuth capitulum of humerus anf radial noth of ulna
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9
Q

Hand

A
  • Carpus (wrist) Made of 8 bones in two rows
    • Proximal Row (lateral to medial) Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium, and Pisiform
    • Distal Row) Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.
    • Remember (Sally Left The Party To Take Cindy Home)
    • Only Scaphoid, Lunate, and Triquetrum form wrist.
  • Metacarpals) Palm)
    • Five bones labeled 1-5 starting at the thumb.
  • Philanges) 14 bones of the finger (thumb has 2)
    • Labeled 1-5 starting at the thumb.
    • Has distal, middle, and proximal part (except pollux which has no middle).
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10
Q

Pelvic (Hip) Girlde

A
  • Formed by 2 hip bones and the sacrum
  • Funtions
    • Attach lower limbs of skeleton with strong ligaments.
    • Transmit the wight of the upper body to the lower limbs.
    • Support the pelvic organs
  • Less mobile but more stable than the shoulder
  • Deep socket (antabeulum) hold head of femur.
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11
Q

Hip Bone (three regions)

A
  • Illium
    • Supeior region of the coxyl bone
    • Auricular Surface articulates with the Sacrum.
  • Ischium
    • Posteroinferior part of the hip bone
  • Pubis
    • Anterior portion of hip bone
    • Pubis bones join at the pubic synaphasis joint.
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12
Q

Pelvis

A
  • Formed by hip bones, sacrum, and coxyx.
  • Female pelvis tends to be wider, shallower, and lighter than a males.
    • Adapted for birth
  • Pelvic Brim) line that runs from pubic creast through arcuante line and sacral promirtary.
    • True pelvis) Inferior to Pelvic Brim (defines birth canal)
    • False Pelvis) Superior to Pelvic Brim.
  • Pelvic Outlet) Inferior Margin of true pelvis.
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13
Q

Comparrison of male and female pelvis

A
  • Female Pelvis) adopted fore child bering
    • True pelvis defines birth canal
    • Capicity of true pelvis is broad, shalllow and had more capicity
  • Male Pelvis)
    • Tilted less forwartd
    • cavity of true pelvis is far less forward
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14
Q

Lower Limb

A
  • Carries entire weight of body
  • Sunjected to exceptional forces when running or jumping
  • Three parts
    • Thigh
    • Leg
    • Foot
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15
Q

Bones of the Thigh

A
  • Femur) Largest and strongest bone in the body
    • Articulates proximally with acetabulum of hip and distially with the tibia and patella.
    • Forvea capitis) short ligament of the head of the femur is located in a pit. It connects to the acetabelum where it securs the femur
  • Patella) Kneecap
    • Sesmoid bone in quad tendon that protects knee joint.
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16
Q

Bones of the Leg

A
  • Tibia) Medial leg bone that recives weight of the body from femur; transmits to the foot.
  • Fibula) not weight bering. no artiuclation with the femur.
    • several muscles orginate from the fubula.
    • Artiuclates proximaly and distialy with the tibia.
17
Q

Tarsals

A
  • Body Weight carried primairly by talus and calcaneus.
  • Other Tarsal bones)
    • Cuboid
    • Navicular
    • Medial Cuniform
    • Intermediate Cuniform
    • Lateral Cuniform
18
Q

Metatarsals

A
  • 5 bones labeled 1-5 starting frm the hallux
19
Q

Philanges

A
  • 14 bones of the toes
  • Three phalanes per toe.
  • These are the distal, middle and proximal philanges
  • Hallux only has two phalangies.
20
Q

Arches of the Foot

A
  • Maintained by interlocking foor bones, ligaments, and tendons. Allow the foot to bear weight
  • Lateral Longituidal Arch) low curve that elevates lateral part of the foot
  • Medial longitudial arch) cruves upward
  • Transverse arch) rubs obliquely from one side of the foot to the other.
21
Q

Fetal Skull

A
  • Infant skull has more bones than adult skull.
  • Some are unfused and insetad have fontanelles
  • Fontanelles) unossifed remenants of fibrous membranes
    • 4 of em) Anterior, posterior, mastiod, and sphenoidal.