Chapter 1 Flashcards
Back (Dorsal) Area
Scapular, Vertebral, Lumbar, Sacral, Glute, and Perenial Regions.
Cardiovascular system
Heart and Blood Vessels
Integumentary system
Skin, hair and nails
Thoracic Cavity (Continents)
- 2 Pleural Cavities for the lungs
- Mediastinum which contains the Pericardial Cavity
Types of Microscopic anatomy
1) Cytology) Study of cells and cellular stages
2) Histology) study of Tissues
Nervous system
Brain, spinal chord and nerves
Frontal Plane
Splits body into anterior and posterior parts
Superior
(Cranial)
Toward the head
(Superman)
Sagital Plane
Cuts body into left and right parts
Midsagittal) on midline
ParaSagittal) not on midline
Survival Needs
1) Nutrients (Food) for energy/cell building
2) Oxygen) for energy release (ATP production)
3) Water) Environment for chemical reactions/ fluid base
4) Normal body temperature) 37C (98.6) Affect chemical reaction rate
5) Appropriate Atmospheric pressure) Adequate gas exchange
Components of a Control Mechanism
1) Receptor {Sensor} ) Monitors environment/ Respond to stimuli
(Travels on affluent pathway)
2) Control Center) Receives input and determines response
(Travels on Effluent pathway)
3) Effector) Receives response and determines means to respons
Abdominopelvic Cavity
-Abdominal cavity and Pelvic cavity.
Visceral Serosa
-Membrane that covers internal organs.
Homeostasis
- Maintenance of stable internal environment
- Done through continuous monitoring of variables and communication via control mechanisms
Thoracic Area
Sternal, Auxiliary, and Mammary.
Lower Limb
Coxal (hip), femoral, Patellar, Crueal, And fibular area. Popliteal and Sural regions on back of leg
Manus Area
Palmar, Digits, and Pollux Region. Metacarpal on back of hand.
Respiratory System
Trachea and Larynx. Lungs and Bronchi
2 and 2
The Two major body regions
1) Axial (Head, Neck, and Trunk)
2) Appendicular) Limbs.
Upper Limb Area
Acromial, Brachial (Arm), Antecubital, Antebrachial, and Carpal Area. We have the OleCranal region on the elbow.
Endocrine System
Pituitary gland, pineal gland (PP on da brain) Thyroid and Thymus (TT in da throat), adrenal glands, pancreas, and the gonads (APG everything else).
Types of Gross anatomy
1) Regional) All structures in a specific region
2) Systematic) looking at specific systems
3) Surface) looking at structures as they appear under the skin
Male reproductive system
Penis and testis
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Muscular System
Muscles and Tendons
Ventral Body Cavity
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities.
Deep
(Internal)
Further From the Body’s surface.
Types of Anatomy
1) Gross (Macroscopic)
2) Microscopic
3) Developmental
Proximal
Closer to an origin point on the body
Ex) the elbow is proximal to the wrist
Body Cavities Exposed to the Environment
- Oral/Digestive cavities (GI Tract)
- Orbital Cavity
- Nasal Cavity
- Middle Ear Cavity
Dorsal Body Cavity
Cranial Cavity and the Vertbracial Cavity
Cervical Region
Cervical Vertebrae area.
Posterior
(Dorsal)
To the back of the Body
(Dorsal Fin)
Serous Membrane/Serosa
Double-layered membrane found in body cavities
Positive Feedback Loop
-Response to stimulus. Response will enhance or exaggerate original stimulus.
EX) Contractions in childbirth causing more contractions.
Body Cavities not Exposed to the environment
-Synovial (Joint) cavities
Medial
Toward the Midline of the body
Intermediate
Between a more Medial and Lateral point.
Necessary Life Functions
1) Maintaining boundaries) using membranes/skin
2) Movement) voluntary and involuntary
3) Responsiveness) to stimuli
4) Digestion)
5) Metabolism) Catabolic and Anabolic reactions
6) Excretion) of waste and CO2 (O2 for plants)
7) Reproduction) of cells/offspring
8) Growth.
Pedal Area
Tarsal, Metatarsal, Digits, and Hallux on the front. Calcaneal and Plantar area on the back.
Body Planes and Sections
Flat surface along which a body structure can be cut for anatomical study. Sections are cuts across the body plane.
Digestive System
Esophagus, Stomach, Intestines, Liver, Galbladder, Pancreas.
Lymphatic System
Thymus, Thoracic Duct, Lymph nodes, Lymph vessels, Bone Marrow, and Spleen
Levels of organization (Of life)
1) Chemical
2) Cellular
3) Tissue
4) Organ
5) Organ System
6) Organismal
Distal
Further From an origin point on the body
Ex) the knee is distal to the thigh
Female Reproductive System
Mammary glands, ovaries, uterus, vagina.
Anatomical Position
- Body Erect
- Feet slightly apart
- Arms at side with palms facing forward.
Transverse Region
Splits body into superior and inferior parts.
Pelvic Area
Ingruenal (Groin)
Cephalic Region
Frontal, Optical, Nasal, Buccal (Cheek), Oral, and Mental (Chin) region. Otic and Occipital regions on the back
Parietal Serosa
-Membrane that lines internal body cavities
Abdominal Area
Umbilical Cord
Urinary system
Liver, Urinary bladder, and Urethra
Superficial
(External)
Closer to the body’s surface
Anterior
(Ventral)
Toward the Front of the bodu
Inferior
(Caudal)
Away from the head toward the feet
(Inferno)
Skeletal system
Contains bones, muscles, and ligaments
Pubic Region.
Genitals
Negative Feedback Loop
-Response to stimulus. This type of response will reduce/ shut off original stimulus
-Variable will change in opposite direction
EX) Body is cold so a person will shiver until the body is warm enough
Cranial Cavity
-Contains Brain
Vertebral Cavity
Contains Spinal chord
Abdominal cavity
contains digestive organs
Pelvic Cavity
Urinary Bladder, Reproductive organs, kidneys and rectum
