Ch 10) Muscles (LEC Exam)

Question 1

Functional Groups

Answer 1

• Prime mover (agonist, leader)
  
  • Major repsonsibility for producing specific movment
• Antagonist (against the leader)
  
  • Opposes or reverses a particular movment
  • Opposite of the prime leader
  • Muscle may strethch or just remain relaxed when prime mover is moving
• Synergist (Works together to help Prime Mover)
  
  • Adds force to movment
  • reduces undesirable movmernt
  • Fixator) type of synergist that immobilizes bone or origin ratjer than enhancing movment (ex Scapula is only heald by muscles)

Question 2

Naming Seketal Muscles

Answer 2

• Muscle Location) region or bone which muscle is associated with
  
  • Ex) temporalis over temple
• Muscle Shape
  
  • Ex) Deltiod- triangle shaped
• Muscle Size
  
  • Maximus) Largest
  • Minimus) Smallest
  • Longus) longest
• Direction of Muscle Fibers or Fassickes
  
  • Rectus) straight fibers down midline
  • Tranversus) Fibers run at right angle to midline
  • Oblique) Fibers run at angles
• Number of Origins
  
  • Bi) 2
  • Tri) 3
• Location of Attachements
  
  • According to point of origin and insertion (orign first)
  • ex) Sternocleidomatorid (Sternum and clavicle origin and mastoid insertion)
• Muscle Action
  
  • Flexor or Extensor

Question 3

Fassicle Arrangment

Answer 3

• Circular) Fassicles arranged in rings
  
  • Surrounf openings
  • Close by contracting
• Convergent) broad origin where fibers converge to a singe tendon on insertion
• Parallel) Fibers run parallel to long axis
  
  • Muscle is straplike and long
• Fusiform) Spinfle shaped muscle
  
  • Fibers still run parallel
• Pennate) Short fassicles attach obliquely to a central tendon
  
  • Unipennate) Fassicles attach to one side of tendon
  • Bipennate) fassicles insert from opposite sides of tendon
  • Multipenate) Appears as feathers inserting into one tendon

Question 4

Arrangement of Fassicles

Answer 4

• Fasicles determine muscles ROM
  
  • ammmount of movment allowed when muscle shortens
• Fassicles Determine Power
  
  • Long Fibers = not as powerful
  • Powe depends on muscle fibers
  • Bipennate and multipenate are short but have many fibers so are very powerful .