Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Anthropology > Chapter 8: Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature Flashcards

1
Q

Thomas Jefferson’s collection of fossils

A

Megalonyx Jeffersonii Fossil Claws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Strata

A

layers of rock, representing various periods of deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Principle of Faunal Succession

A

succession of organisms in strata represent successive geological epochs with their characteristic or index fossil (certain layers distinguish certain kinds of fossils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of micro fossils

A

microbial, plant and animal eukaryotic bacteria, pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of macro fossils

A

ammonite, trilobite, fern, crab, soft shell turtle, fish, T-Rex, Eocene primate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fossils

A

remains of organisms turned to stone completely or partially through chemical replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Paleontology

A

study of fossils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

taphonomy

A

study of how fossils are formed; study of deposition of plant/animal remains and environment affecting preservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

formed by sedimentation of water and wind depositing tiny particles of rock, sand, and soil overtime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gradual Process

A

observed by Darwin that evolution is gradual, observed by Bown and Rose by looking at gradual evolution of teeth in Eocene primates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Punctuated Equilibrium

A

observed by Eldredge and Jay- long periods of stasis in exoskeletons of invertebrates, such as trilobites, and then revolutionary rapid change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Order of time scales

A

Eons (I), Era (A), Periods (a), Epochs (i)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What time period do we live in?

A

IV: Phanerozoic Eon
C: Cenozoic Era
b: Quaternary Period
iii: Anthropocene Epoch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nicolaus Steno

A

1639-1686: danish scholar who discovered geologic pre-history of Earth and its life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Steno’s Law of Superposition

A

older strata under, younger above; cross cutting younger still

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Relative Dating

A

relative order of events without assigning calendrical dates

17
Q

Stratigraphic Correlation

A

matching strata from different sites using index fossils, chemical compositions, physical features, interposing datable layers, give us geochronology in calendrical tiem

18
Q

Chemical Dating

A

relative method based on predictable chemical changes over time

19
Q

Fluorine (relative) Dating

A

Bones accumulate fluorine bearing soils at a steady rate

20
Q

Biostrategic (faunal and floral) Dating

A

Relative method based on first/lasts appearances and associations

21
Q

Index fossils

A

common distinctive associated with relative age of particular strata

22
Q

Cultural Dating

A

relative method based on time spans of material culture remains

23
Q

manuport

A

object carried around from original context for some reason like the Makapansqat cobble/pebble

24
Q

Dendrochronology

A

chronometric dating method using annual tree-ring counts, observed by AE Douglas

25
Q

Isotopes used in Radiometric Dating

A 
C-N
U-Pb
K-Ar
Ar-Ar
U-Pb
26
Q

Radiocarbon Dating

A

for much younger ages, organism stop intake of carbon 14 at death, so can date until their death

27
Q

Paleomagnetic Dating

A

looking at magnetic poles and polarity reversals which is resemble in polarized orientation in sedimentary rock

28
Q

Amino Acid Dating

A

absolute method for organic remains, looking at the L-isomes and the D-isomes, called racemization

29
Q

Electron Spin Resonance Dating

A

measures radioisotopic concentrations in fossil bones, teeth compared to burial environments

30
Q

Thermoluminescence Dating

A

method based on amount of sun’s energy trapped in sediment, stone, and pottery

31
Q

Genetic Dating

A

Looking at evolutionary divergences, where there was a change in genes, allowing you to look back at specific events

32
Q

Foraminifera

A

Looking ancient environments with micro fossils

33
Q

C3 Photosynthesis

A

wet wooded plants, wheat, sugar beets, peas, hardwood trees

3 Cs avoid Carbon 13 and incorporate Carbon 12

34
Q

C4 Photosynthesis

A

grassland plants, corn, sugarcane, succulents

4 Cs high in Carbon 13

35
Q

Paleosols

A

old soil

Biological Anthropology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions