Chapter 7: Primate Sociality, Social Behavior, and Culture

Question 1

Jane Goodall

Answer 1

Freely studied chimp societies, luckily because of habituation

Question 2

Habituation

Answer 2

process of animals becoming accustomed to human observers

Question 3

Primates social signals

Answer 3

touching, hugging, mouthing, lip smacking, vocalizing, greeting, grooming

Question 4

Sociobiology

Answer 4

how behaviors evolve, a product of our genetics and environments by means of natural selection and sexual selection

Question 5

Harry Harlow

Answer 5

examined mother/infant bond with mechanical mother

Question 6

Male reproductive strategies

Answer 6

compete with other males for access to female attention

Question 7

Female reproductive strategies

Answer 7

compete with other females for access to resources and resource safe males

Question 8

Sexual Dimorphism

Answer 8

body size: contrast low in monogamous, and contrast high in single male society

Question 9

Polygyrous

Answer 9

one male with many females

Question 10

Polyandrous

Answer 10

one female with many males

Question 11

Promiscuous

Answer 11

equal female and male

Question 12

Monogamous

Answer 12

one male and one female

Question 13

Sexual Selection

Answer 13

frequency of traits changing due to attractions to opposite sex, usually females select males that are larger, more colorful, etc

Question 14

Infanticide

Answer 14

new male kills infants so lactating females ovulate and receptive which overcome lactation amenorrhea

Question 15

Advantages to living in a group and requirements

Answer 15

altruism
more eyes/ears
defense
hunting
social learning
requires:
high intelligence
Vocalizations
Tension relieves

Question 16

Altruism

Answer 16

behaviors benefiting other in a group while disadvantaging or reducing fitness of the altruistic

Question 17

Kin Selection

Answer 17

fitness benefits of altruistic behavior to the kin group outweigh risks/liability of the altruistic

Question 18

Reciprocity

Answer 18

equal benefit, grooming, sharing creates bonding but can also negative side in revenge

Question 19

Inclusive fitness

Answer 19

number of offspring equivalents an individual adopts, reduces, or cares for by action

Question 20

Personal Fitness

Answer 20

number of offspring an individual begets

Question 21

We can examine primate behavior through

Answer 21

predation patterns

Question 22

Greatest threat to monkey predation

Answer 22

the Crowned Eagle

Question 23

How did Crowned Eagle eat things 3 times there size

Answer 23

tore the monkey apart and brought pieces to the nest

Question 24

Social behavior was influenced by

Answer 24

ancestors need to respond to predators and dangers

Question 25

Factors for finding food

Answer 25

Quality, Distribution, Availability

Question 26

Dominant macaques have enlarged…while submissive macaques have enlarged…

Answer 26

amygdala and striatum

Question 27

Found that not only do humans use tools, but

Answer 27

chimps also, examined by Jane Goodall

Question 28

Cross-species cultural diffusion

Answer 28

one species learns something from a different species, like a tradition

Question 29

Baboon personalities

Answer 29

Nice-liberal grunting, strong social bonds
Aloof-selective grunting, stable social bonds
Loner-often alone, weaker social bonds

Question 30

Chacma Baboons

Answer 30

Asses physical fighting fitness of rival by listening to robust/impressive quality of “wahoo” call

Question 31

Howler Monkeys

Answer 31

assess the census strength of rival group by counting long callers and advancing or retracting based on data

Question 32

Semantic like, functionally referant

Answer 32

leopard growls, leads to a stress call by a monkey

Question 33

Affixation

Answer 33

an organisms makes a call, and another adds a suffix to the call with, kraken-oo