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Pumping & Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook 3rd > Chapter 8 - Fireground Hydraulic Calculations > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Fireground Hydraulic Calculations Flashcards

1
Q
  • Mechanical device installed in a discharge line that senses the amount of water flowing and provides a readout in units of gallons per minute or (liters per minute).
A

Flowmeter

p 281

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2
Q

The ___________ relieves you from relying on calculations based on the friction loss, elevation pressure, and length of hoseline.

A

flowmeter

p 282

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3
Q

Based on NFPA _______ standard, for every discharge outlet equipped with a flowmeter, a pressure gauge shall also be provided. These flowmeters must display flow in increments of _____ gpm or less.

A

NFPA 1901 / 10gpm

p 282

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4
Q

Several designs of flowmeters are available that operate by different principles. The two most common to the fire service are:

  • _____________
  • ________ ______
A
  • Paddlewheel
  • Spring probe

p 282

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5
Q

Flowmeters:
This type is mounted at the top of a straight section of the discharge pipe so that only a small portion of the device extends into the waterway?

A

Paddlewheel

p 282

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6
Q

Flowmeters:

This type employs a stainless steel spring probe to detect water movement in the discharge piping?

A

Spring probe

p 282

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7
Q

With proper calibration, a flowmeter in good working order should be accurate to a tolerance of plus or minus _____ percent. In other words, based on flow of 100 gpm, the display should be no more than ____ gallons higher or lower than the actual discharge.

A

3 percent / 3 gallons

p 282

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8
Q

Each discharge equipped with a flowmeter must have a digital readout display mount within _____ inches of the control valve for that discharge.

A

6 inches

p 282

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9
Q

If a pressure gauge is mounted at the _____ inch location, then the flowmeter must be mounted within ____ inches adjacent to the pressure gauge.

A

6 inch / 2 inches

p 282

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10
Q

Relay pumping:
Apparatus equipped with electronic pressure governors involved in relay pumping, with the exception of the attack pumper, should operate in ?

A

revolutions per minute (rpm)

p 283

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11
Q

___________ reduce the number of pressure calculations required of the driver/operator.

A

Flow meters

p 281-282

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12
Q

Standpipe Operations:

When a line is shut down, lower the pressure accordingly or the standpipe system will attempt to flow the ?

A

excess through the remaining hoselines

p 283

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13
Q

Apparatus equipped with electronic pressure governors set in _______ mode should compensate for this shutdown. A pressure governor in the ______ mode will not automatically compensate for the reduced flow.

A

psi / rpm

p 283-284

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14
Q

The driver/operator can use a _____________ _____________ to determine the pump discharge pressure required for virtually any hose layout without relying on mental calculations.

A

hydraulic calculator

p 284

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15
Q

Hydraulic calculators can be either __________ or ____________.

A

manual or electronic

p 284

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16
Q
  • Charts carried on a fire apparatus to aid the pump operator in determining the proper pump discharge pressure when supplying hoselines.
A

Pump Charts

p 284

17
Q

The ____________ ____ formula may be used for operations in which the friction loss can be determined for 3-,4-, or 5- inch hose.

A

Condensed Q

p 287

18
Q

What is the Condensed Q formula for 3-inch hose?

A

FL = Q^2

FL = Friction loss in psi for 100 feet of 3 inch

Q = Flow rate in hundreds of gallons per minute (gpm/100)

p 287

19
Q

What is the Condensed Q formula for 4-inch hose?

A

FL = Q^2 / 5

FL = Friction loss in psi for 100 feet of 4 inch

Q = Flow rate in hundreds of gallons per minute (gpm/100)

p 287

20
Q

What is the Condensed Q formula for 5-inch hose?

A

FL = Q^2 / 15

FL = Friction loss in psi for 100 feet of 5 inch
Q = Flow rate in hundreds of gallons per minute (gpm/100)

p 288

21
Q

______________ reduce the number of pressure calculations required of the D/O.

A

Flowmeters

p 282

22
Q
  • Actual pressure of the water as it leaves the pump and enters the hoseline; total amount of pressure being discharged by a pump. In mathematical terms, it is the pump intake pressure plus the net pump discharge pressure. Measured in pounds per square inch.
A

Pump Discharge Pressure (PDP)

p 281

23
Q

____________ measure and display water flow in gallons per minute.

A

Flowmeters

p 282

24
Q

Types of flowmeters:

As water moves past the _____________, a sensor measures the speed at which it spins and translates the information into a flow measurement.

A

Paddlewheel

p 282

25
Q

Types of flowmeters:

Spring probe -

The greater the flow, the more the spring is ______. An ___________ _________ is transmitted from the spring to a display unit for review by the D/O.

A

bent / electrical charge

p 282

26
Q

Flowmeter Applications
Relay Pumping

As you increase the throttle, the discharge reading on the flowmeter will rise at a corresponding level. Increase the engine speed until the flowmeter reading no longer __________. This will establish the correct discharge pressure to supply an adequate volume of water to the ___________ __________.

A

increases / receiving pumper

p 283

27
Q

Flowmeter applications:
Relay pumping

Throughout the duration of the incident, monitor the flowmeter as well as the intake pressure. The intake pressure reading cannot be allowed to drop below _____ psi.

A

20 psi

p 283

28
Q

When operating an apparatus equipped with a flowmeter(s), the number and types of nozzles on lines operating from the standpipe may be factored by adding the ______ ______ for each nozzle together and pumping the __________ of _______ that matches that rate.

A

flow rate / volume of water

p 283

29
Q

Hydraulic Calculators

The manual version of the calculator consist of a ______ or ______ that can be moved to cover or reveal rates of flow, size of hose, and length of hose layout in order to come to a conclusion to a problem.

A

slide or dial

p 284

30
Q

Hydraulic Calculators:

Electronic hydraulic calculators are specially programmed to allow you to input the variables of each hose layout, including the ________, __________ of hose, and ___________ changes. The calculator then applies preprogrammed formulas to arrive at the pump discharge pressure.

A

length / diameter / elevation

p 284

31
Q

______ ________ are often developed by a FD and contain information specific to that jurisdictions equipment and common hose layout operations.

A

Pump charts

p 284

32
Q

Pump charts:
Guidelines

  • Include friction loss for ________ _________ appliances ( those flowing in excess of 350 gpm)
  • Ensure that the length of the wyed hoseline layout is the distance between the _________ and the ______.
  • Factor each scenario in cases where a master stream may be supplied by a different _________ or __________ of hoselines.
A
  • master stream
  • pumper / wye
  • number / diameter

p 284-285

33
Q

Pump chart guidelines:

  • Round pump discharge pressure calculations to the nearest ___ psi
  • Do not let the pump discharge pressure exceed the _____ pressure for the diameter hose or the pumper involved in calculations.
  • Do not exceed the department’s maximum ______ policy if the department has one and the policy maximum varies from the hose manufactures max ______.
  • To perform relay pumping calculations, the pump discharge pressure should provide for __________ pressure at the intake of the pumper being supplied that is based on jurisdictional policy.
A
  • 5 psi
  • test
  • PDP / PDP
  • residual

p 285

34
Q

GPM Flowing

The gpm flowing method is applicable to both ______ and _____ steams and is calculated using flow in gallons per minute. It may be used for various diameter hose, although it is not applicable to the _________ system of measurement.

A

solid and fog / metric

p 288

Pumping & Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook 3rd (21 decks)

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