Chapter 18 - Stabilizing the Apparatus Flashcards
Even if the device is only raised a few feet from the cradle to open a tilt cab, place the ___________ in position to minimize or eliminate stress on the ____________.
stabilizers / suspension
p 642
By deploying the apparatus stabilizers, the base of stability for the aerial apparatus is effectively ___________.
increased
p 642
Rotating the device 360 degrees will trace a ________ ________.
Gravity circle
p 642
As long as this ________ ________ does not extend outside the base of stability, the apparatus should remain stable.
Gravity circle
p 642
- Theoretical safety zone that surrounds the center of gravity on an aerial apparatus.
Gravity Circle
p 642
Newer apparatus may be equipped with ________ switches that prevent the movement of the aerial device to the short jacked side.
limit (rotational interlocks)
p 643
If the apparatus is parked on a ________ grade, the center of gravity (and theoretical gravity circle) will be shifted to the _______ side.
lateral grade / lower
p 643
Lateral grades
If the aerial device is raised over the lower side, the Gravity circle may extend beyond the base of ____________.
stability
p 643
______________ the aerial device can also have an adverse effect on the stability of the apparatus, even on a level surface with stabilizers fully deployed.
Overloading
p 643
Excessive _________ on the aerial device will result in an expansion of the gravity circle.
loading
p 644
Some of the more common stabilizers are:
- _______-______ stabilizers (also called downriggers) - Straight jacks that extend down from the chassis.
- ______ ______________ (also called H stabilizers) - Stabilizers that extend straight away from the truck and have jacks that extend straight down to the ground.
- ___-______, scissor, or ____-style stabilizers (also called fulcrum-type stabilizers) - Stabilizers that extend down and away from the chassis at an angle.
- Post-type
- Box stabilizers
- A-frame, scissor, or X-style
p 644
To deploy the stabilizers and the aerial device, it will be necessary to engage the aerial ___________ system. In order to accomplish this, the D/O will have to activate the ________ ______-______ or other specialized hydraulic system.
hydraulic system / power take-off
p 644
The ______ system provides the power to the hydraulic pump, which in turn creates a pressure on the ________ in the hydraulic system.
PTO / fluid
p 645
The D/O should not engage the PTO until the aerial apparatus has been properly _____________ in accordance with the conditions on the scene.
positioned
p 645
The engagement switch for the PTO or hydraulic system is usually located on the ____________ of the vehicle, between the __________ and __________/________ seats or in the ________ panel above the driver’s seat.
Dashboard / driver and passengers/officers / switch panel
p 645
The type of PTO activation switch varies from manufacturer to manufacturer and be __________, __________, __________, or a combination of these three.
pneumatic, electric, hydraulic
p 645
Pneumatic PTO systems require anywhere from _____ to _____ psi air pressure for the PTO to be operated depending on the manufacturer.
50 to 140
p 645-646
Most new models of aerial apparatus are equipped with what is called a “_____-______” PTO system. It is acceptable to engage these systems when the main transmission is in ___________.
“hot-shift” / neutral
p 646
Attempting to engage a PTO from neutral in a vehicle not equipped with a hot shift system could result in serious damage to the ______ and ______ _____________.
PTO / main transmission
p 646
Whenever possible, position the aerial device before activating the _______.
pump
p 646
When the fire pump is already activated and in use, and the hydraulic systems needs to be activated later, it is necessary to lower ________ speed to near idle prior to engaging the hydraulic system PTO or other device. This action will lower _______ supply to nozzles. The operator must notify personnel on __________ and other nozzles of what is taking place.
engine / water / handlines
p 646
The process of setting up the stabilizers should begin with both the driver and officer assessing the _______ area.
setup area
p 646
The goal of stabilizer deployment is to ensure one move and one setup without having to ____________.
reposition
p 651
Conducting preliminary checks:
- If not automatically accomplished, activate the ______ ______ lock to minimize longitudinal movement of the chassis.
- Make sure the PTO engagement _______ is ____ before leaving the cab.
- ________ the wheels.
- front brake
- light is lit
- chock
p 651
The wheels should have chocks placed both ___ _______ ___ and ________ the tire, on both sides of the apparatus, with approximately an _____ of extra space for the apparatus to move without causing a wheel chock to become stuck under a tire.
in front of / behind / inch
p 651
After any lifting of the apparatus has been preformed, the chocks should be _____________ to ensure that this space is still maintained before lowering the apparatus. If this space is not maintained, it will be necessary to _______ the apparatus to remove the chock blocks.
repositioned / relift
p 651
If there is any doubt as to whether or not there is room for the stabilizers to deploy, a short ______ ______, _______ hook, or ______ span can be used to estimate the travel path of the stabilizers.
like pole / closet hook / arm span
p 652
Whenever possible a ________ should assist the D/O with positioning the apparatus because a ________ can help avoid curbs, manholes, vehicles, and so forth.
spotter / spotter
p 652
When the stabilizers are in place, the D/O should check the __________ upon which they are resting to be certain the ground is _________ enough to continue operations.
surface / stable
p 652
- Flat metal plate attached to the bottom of the aerial apparatus stabilizer to provide firm footing on the stabilizing surface.
Stabilizer shoe
also known as stabilizer boot or stabilizer foot
p 652
Follow departmental SOPs or manufacturers recommendations in situations when __________ is used to supplement stabilizer effectiveness. __________ should only be used as a last resort by those with proper instruction and training in its use.
cribbing / cribbing
p 652
Avoid placing stabilizers over ________ areas, ___________ tanks or vaults, and _________ access zones.
drainage / underground / utility
p 653
Once the D/O is assured that the ____________ activities are successfully completed and the ground is prepared for stabilization activities, the ___________ valve may be operated to provide hydraulic power to the stabilizing system.
preliminary / selector
p 653
Even _________ allows for the maximum stability of the apparatus and for the greatest range of safe movement of the aerial device.
terrain
p 654
General principles of stabilizer controls:
- Many of these controls are ______-type valves that move up to about ____ degrees.
- Operating these controls will automatically regulate _______ _____ speed. A fast-idle toggle switch or manual throttle control may also regulate _______ _____ speed. This provides the power necessary to perform the desired action.
- When the D/O operates the control, an increase in _______ _______ (noticeable due to the increase in the sound level) occurs.
- Operation of these valves also affects the vehicles engine speed. Avoid ________ or _______ operation of the valves.
- lever / 90
- engine idle / engine idle
- engine speed
- rough or jerky
p 654
_____ ____________ are the most common stabilizers used on newer apparatus.
Box stabilizers
p 654
- Two piece aerial apparatus stabilizing device consisting of an extension arm that extends directly out from the vehicle, and a lifting jack that extends from the end of the extension arm to the ground.
Box Stabilizer
also known as H-jack or H-stabilizers
p 654
When the extension arms have been extended to their final positions, the portable ___________ ______ should be centered beneath the stabilizer shoes so that they will be in position when the jacks are lowered. The __________ ______ are usually provided by the manufacturer of the apparatus and are usually ____x____ inch with a built in handle.
stabilizer pads / stabilizer pads / 24x24 inch
p 655
Due to the potential for chassis and torque box damage, one ____________ should never be fully activated alone. Always activate in a multi-step, ______ to ______ or ______ to ______ process.
stabilizer / side to side / front to back
p 656
In a four-jack system operate the stabilizers in __________.
parallel
p 656
Stabilizing using ________-type stabilizers or those that extend straight down from the chassis is similar to the box-type stabilizer. The primary difference is that the D/O can only deploy __________-type stabilizers in the fully _________ position and not-at all if ______________ are present.
fulcrum / fulcrum / extended / obstructions
p 657
- Stabilizing device that extends at an angle down and away from the chassis of an aerial fire apparatus.
Fulcrum-type stabilizer
also know as A-frame, scissor, or X-style stabilizer
p 657
The method of deploying fulcrum-type stabilizers is the same as described for box-type, with one exception. Fulcrum stabilizers should be lowered to within a few _______ of the ground prior to the placement of the ____________ ______.
inches / stabilizer pads
p 657
The design for some apparatus allow for partial extension of the stabilizer arms, sometimes called “_______-_________”.
“short-jacking”
p 658
- Setting the stabilizers on one side of the apparatus shorter than the stabilizers on the other side; usually done when access for full stabilization is restricted.
Short-Jacking
p 658
When operating in restricted areas, fully extend the extension arms on the side that the aerial device is ?
going to be over
p 658
There are two ways that the truck can be uneven: ________ or ____________. Of the two the easiest to correct is ________ unevenness.
laterally (side to side) or longitudinally (end to end) / lateral
p 658
Correction of lateral unevenness is possible on grades of up to ___ degrees, although this can vary depending on the aerial device.
5 degrees
p 658
A slope of 5 degrees means that there is a rise in terrain height of ____ feet for every run of _____ feet of distance.
5 / 100
p 658
Lateral unevenness:
Most manufactures of aerial devices recommend lowering the stabilizers on the _________ side of the vehicle first making solid contact with the ground. Lower the __________ side stabilizers until they raise the __________ side of the truck level with the ________ side.
uphill / downhill / downhill / uphill
p 658
The D/O must make sure to raise the truck enough to activate the ____________, if the apparatus is so equipped. If the ___________ have not activated, it will be necessary to raise both sides of the truck until they do.
interlocks / interlocks
p 658-659
Lateral unevenness:
After the apparatus is stabilized, it is preferable to operate the aerial device over the ________ side of the apparatus.
uphill side
p 659
When operating on a longitudinal grade, the aerial turntable will not be parallel to the ground if the device is operated over the ?
side of the apparatus
p 660
On longitudinal grades, operate the aerial device directly over the ______ or ______ of the apparatus to minimize stress on the device.
front or rear
p 660
On longitudinal grades, operate articulating aerial devices off the _______ of the vehicle if possible.
rear
p 660
Most aerial apparatus have restricted loads when operating on grades, some as much as ______-______ the normal load, and if in the ______ zone do not operate the aerial device.
one-half / red zone (unsafe load)
p 660
Rather than deploying the stabilizers on an unsafe or potentially unsafe surface, ____________ the apparatus.
reposition
p 661
One effect of ice melting is the creation of an _____ ______ between the stabilizer pad and the ground, compromising the stability of the apparatus.
air gap
p 661
When the ground is frozen solid and the surface is on an angle, the aerial device can move or _________ along the surface due to the combination of vibration and gravity; operators can prevent this through the use of wheel ________.
chatter / chocks
p 661
On most aerial apparatus, the combination of the __________ feature of the selector valve and the hydraulic system _________ valve provide automatic locking capabilities.
interlock / holding
p 662
The ___________ prevents the flow of hydraulic fluid into or out of the stabilization system while the aerial device is in use.
interlock
p 662
The __________ valves prevent the movement of fluid within the stabilization system. The D/O activates the __________ valves by moving the selector switch to the aerial position.
holding / holding
p 662
Box stabilizers commonly have holes designed for the insertion of ?
steel safety pins
p 662
When the use of the aerial device is complete and it is returned to the bed, the stabilization process is __________ in order to prepare the apparatus for departure from the scene.
reversed
p 663
The D/O should always raise the stabilizers following the _________ order by which they were deployed whether on level or uneven terrain. Following the ________ order avoids undue stress on any component of the aerial apparatus.
reverse / reverse
p 663
Older midship and tractor-drawn aerials are the most likely to have __________ stabilizers.
manual
p 664
Angles less than ____ degrees provide less stability, as do angles increasing from ____ to ____.
60 / 60 to 90
p 665
The D/O should never position the vehicle with the tractor and trailer at an angle greater than _____ degrees as poor ________ is produced and damage to the truck may occur.
90 / stability
p 665
The best way to place the vehicle into this angled position is the following:
- Approach the objective building until the ____________ is right next to it.
- Turn the wheels of the _________ sharply toward the left or right of the parking area (_______ from the building) and pull the truck slightly forward.
- Turn the _________ wheels sharply toward the building and back the truck slightly towards the building. This pushes the ________________ toward the desired object, and produces the desired _________ between the tractor and the trailer.
- Set all _______ once in position, including the one for the trailer axle, and as described earlier further stabilization may be employed.
- turntable
- tractor / away
- tiller / turntable / angle
- brakes
p 665
True or False:
The techniques for jackknifing tillered aerial apparatus are more important on older models of apparatus than on modern tillered aerial apparatus ?
True
modern tillered aerial apparatus are usually equipped with stabilization systems that are perfectly capable of securely stabilizing the apparatus
p 665
