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Pumping & Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook 3rd > Chapter 16 - Introduction to Aerial Fire Apparatus > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Introduction to Aerial Fire Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

NFPA ______ groups aerial devices into three basic categories: ?

A

1901 / aerial ladders, elevating platforms, and water towers

p 542

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2
Q

IFSTA further classifies aerial fire devices as follows:

  • Aerial ladder apparatus
  • Elevating platform apparatus
    • _________ _________ platforms
    • ____________ aerial platforms
    • ____________ aerial platforms
  • Water towers
A
  • Aerial ladder
  • Telescoping
  • Articulating

p 542

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3
Q
  • Fire fighting vehicle equipped with a hydraulic operated ladder, elevating platform or other similar device for the purpose of placing personnel and/or water streams in elevated positions.
A

Aerial Apparatus

p 543

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4
Q
  • General term used to describe the hydraulically operated ladder or elevating platform attached to a specially designed fire apparatus.
A

Aerial Device

p 543

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5
Q
  • Power-operated ladder, usually employing hydraulics, that is mounted on a special truck chassis.
A

Aerial Ladder

p 543

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6
Q
  • Trailer equipped with steerable rear wheels.
A

Tillered Trailer

p 543

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7
Q

The supporting beams of the ladder are of _______ _________ _______ construction, which provides the required strength for this work application.

A

aerial ladder truss

p 543

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8
Q
  • Assembly of bracing bars or rods in triangular shapes that form a rigid framework for the aerial device.
A

Aerial Ladder Truss

p 543

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9
Q

Engineering design has proven that trusses lend more strength if their assembled members form __________.

A

triangles

p 543

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10
Q

NFPA ______ establishes the number of sections and minimum reach required of an aerial apparatus.

A

1901

p 543-544

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11
Q

The bottom section of the aerial ladder is referred to as the ?

A

base (or bed) section

p 544

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12
Q

The second and subsequent sections that extend beyond the base section are called the ?

A

fly sections

p 544

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13
Q
  • Extended section of ground extension or aerial ladder.
A

Fly section or fly

p 544

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14
Q

The two most common materials for construction of aerial ladders are heat-treated ?

A

aluminum alloy and steel

p 544

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15
Q

The three main portions of an aerial ladder to which firefighters and D/O commonly refer are the ?

A

base rails, the top rails, and the rungs

p 544

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16
Q

The ______ rails, also commonly called the _______, are the lower chords of the aerial ladder to which the rungs, trusses and other portions of the ladder are attached.

A

base rails / beams

p 544

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17
Q

_____ rails, also called the __________, are the top chords to which the opposite ends of the trussing are attached.

A

Top rails / handrails

p 544

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18
Q

The ______ are the portions that are attached between the two base rails and are used as steps for personnel on the aerial ladder.

A

rungs

p 544

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19
Q

Aerial ladders designed and built with “__________” as a standard feature provide greater strength than those with older designs.

A

” K-bracing “

p 544

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20
Q

NFPA _______ establishes requirements for the dimensions of sections and structural members of the aerial ladder.

A

1901

p 545

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21
Q

Newer aerial ladders are required by NFPA 1901 to demonstrate a minimum _____ _______ when the ladder is extended and in use.

A

tip point

p 545-546

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22
Q
  • Device that transfers the center of gravity of an apparatus and prevents it from tipping as the aerial device, hydraulic lifting boom, gin pole, or A-frame is extended away from the centerline of the chassis.
A

Stabilizer

Also know as outrigger or stabilizing jack

p 546

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23
Q

A hydraulic system has four main components: _________, hydraulic _______, a hydraulic _______ and a hydraulic ___________.

A

actuators / fluid / pump / reservoir

p 546

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24
Q

Hydraulic systems

The _________ transforms power into mechanical force. Hydraulic _______ is the medium by which the system transmits force. Force is created on the fluid by a hydraulic ______.

A

actuator / fluid / pump

p 546-547

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25
Q

Hydraulic fluid is used because it is practically _______________, and it allows force to be transmitted over a relatively large _________ with little loss of power. Depending on the manufacturer of the AA, the fluid may be under pressure of _______ psi or more.

A

incompressible / distance / 3500

p 547

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26
Q

The hydraulic __________ supplies the hydraulic fluid that is moved in and out of the system. Fluid displaced from the systems flows back into the ___________ for storage before being recirculated through the system.

A

reservoir / reservoir

p 548

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27
Q

Hydraulic systems

Most manufacturers use _______ tubing and aircraft-type, steel-braided ______. Hose must be rated to withstand pressures at least _____ times greater than normal operating pressure.m

A

steel / hose / four

p 548

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28
Q

One of the more important valves in the system is the __________ valve, a three way valve that directs fluid to either the stabilizer control valves or the aerial device control valves.

A

selector valve

also known as the transfer or diverter valve

p 549

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29
Q

Hydraulic systems

The actuators in these systems are hydraulic _________ and rotary hydraulic _________.

A

cylinders / motors

p 549

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30
Q

Hydraulic systems

_________ _________ cylinders are capable of receiving oil under pressure from both sides of the piston so that force can be created in either direction.

A

Double acting

p 549

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31
Q

As required by NFPA ______, all manufacturers of aerial device provide an _________ _________ pump for use in the event of a failure of the main hydraulic pump.

A

1901 / auxiliary hydraulic

p 550

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32
Q
  • Hydraulic cylinders used to lift the aerial device from its bed to a working position.
A

Hoisting Cylinder

Also know as Elevation cylinder or lift cylinder

p 550

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33
Q

Aerial Device Hoisting Cylinders

The end of the piston rod outside the cylinder is fitted with a _________ that is anchored to the aerial device or the the turntable, depending the make of the apparatus.

A

trunnion

p 551

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34
Q
  • In a hydraulic cylinder, the pivoting end of the piston rod that is connected to the anchor ear by the heel pin.
A

Trunnion

p 551

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35
Q

Aerial device hoisting cylinders

The larger the _______ area, the more upward force is produced. Normal hydraulic pressure is from ______ to _______ psi.

A

piston / 850 to 3000

p 551

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36
Q

Most newly designed aerial devices use __________ _________, which are dual cylinders fitted on the base section and used to extend the second section of the device.

A

extension cylinders

p 552

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37
Q

In aerial ladders made in North America, the fully extended (working) length ranges from _____ to _____ feet. The working height for aerial ladders is measured from the ________ to the highest ladder ______ with the ladder at maximum elevation and extension.

A

50 to 137 feet / ground / rung

p 552

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38
Q

In general, ________-_______ aerial apparatus are more maneuverable that single-straight vehicles.

A

tractor-drawn

p 553

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39
Q
  • Work platform attached to the end of an articulating or telescoping aerial device.
A

Elevating Platform

p 555

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40
Q
  • Power-operated ladder usually employing hydraulics, with a passenger-carrying device to the end of the ladder.
A

Aerial Ladder Platform

p 555

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41
Q
  • An elevating platform equipped with piping systems and nozzles for elevated master stream operations. These devices are not meant to be climbed and are equipped with a small ladder that is to be used only for escape from the platform in emergency situations.
A

Telescoping Aerial Platform

p 555

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42
Q
  • Aerial device that consists of two or more booms that are attached with hinges and operate in a folding manner. A passenger-carrying platform is attached to the working end of the device.
A

Articulating Aerial Platform

p 555

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43
Q

Requirements of all elevating platforms:

An elevating platform _________ system is required so that the platforms position is horizontal to the ground at all times. The required minimum floor area of a platform is ____ square feet. Each platform must have a rail completely enclosing the floor area with no opening under the railing greater than _____ inches.

A

leveling / 14 / 24

p 556

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44
Q

Requirements of all elevating platforms

A _________ is required at floor level and should be ____ inches high. This _________ prevents the firefighters feet from sliding off the platform in case of a slip or fall.

A

kick plate / 4 / kick plate

p 556

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45
Q

All elevating platforms are required to have two operator control stations - one at _______ level and one in the ___________.

A

street / platform

p 556

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46
Q

True or false:

The operator controls at street level in elevating platforms must be able to override the platform controls?

A

True

p 556

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47
Q

NFPA ______ requires a protective water _____ ________ nozzle be provided on the bottom of the platform. NFPA ______ requires the nozzle to flow at least ____ gpm.

A

1901 / fog curtain / 1901 / 75

p 557

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48
Q

All elevating platforms must have a minimum load capacity of ______ pounds when the aerial device is fully extended, at any elevation within its normal range of motion, and with no water in the piping system. This load requirement drops to _____ pounds when the water delivery system is charged.

A

750 / 500

p 557

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49
Q

Requirements of all elevating platforms:

The water delivery system must be capable of discharging at least _______ gpm at _____ psi nozzle pressure when the aerial device is in any position.

A

1000 gpm / 100 psi

p 557

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50
Q

Elevating platforms that are 110 feet or shorter should be able to be raised from the bedded position to the maximum elevation and extension and be rotated ____ degrees in ____ seconds or less. There is no time requirement for elevating platforms taller than ____ feet.

A

90 / 150 / 110

p 557

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51
Q

All aerial platforms must contain a safety ___________ _______ to attach fall protection equipment.

A

attachment point

p 557

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52
Q

Aerial ladder platforms commonly range in size from ____ to ____ feet.

A

85 to 110 feet

p 558

53
Q

The most common aerial ladder platform apparatus in service today is the straight chassis, _______-axle vehicle with a ______ mounted aerial device.

A

three / rear

p 558

54
Q

Unlike aerial ladder platforms, telescoping aerial platforms are not intended for __________.

A

climbing

p 558

55
Q

Common sizes of telescoping aerial platforms in use in North America range from ____ to _____ feet. However, many manufactures (particularly those outside of North America) are building aerial platforms, both telescoping and articulating, far in excess of _____ feet.

A

75 to 100 / 100

p 558-559

56
Q

Telescoping aerial platform devices have two or more sections and are made of either ____-______ construction or _______ ______-_____ construction.

A

box-beam / tubular truss-beam

p 559

57
Q

Telescoping aerial platforms:

Tubular steel or aluminum is welded or _____ ________ to form a box shape using a cantilever or triangle truss design.

A

huck bolted

p 559

58
Q
  • A mechanically applied river used in the construction of some aerial devices; can only be removed by drilling.
A

Huck Bolt

p 559

59
Q

Instead of telescoping into each other, the boom sections on articulating aerial platforms are connected by a hinge, and they fold and unfold like an ?

A

elbow

p 559

60
Q

An additional benefit of an articulating aerial platform is that the assembly enables the platform to go ?

A

” up and over “ and into areas that are not accessible with a straight line apparatus

p 559

61
Q

Standard articulating aerial platforms range in height from ____ to ____ feet.

A

55 to 85

p 559

62
Q

Over the years, several manufacturers have developed aerial devices that both _________ and _________. These combination aerial devices range in height from _____ to _____ feet.

A

telescope and articulate / 90 to 174

p 559-560

63
Q
  • Aerial device primarily intended for deploying an elevated master stream; not generally intended for climbing operations.
A

Water Tower

also know as Elevating Master Stream Device

p 560

64
Q

Most water towers are designed so that their fire streams may be deployed at a range of elevations starting from a few degrees below _____________ to nearly _____ degrees from the ground. Common sizes for these devices range from ____ to _____ feet. They are capable of maximum flows ranging from ________ to ________ gpm.

A

horizontal / 90 / 50 to 130 / 1000 to 5000

p 560

65
Q

The term ______ is derived from the descriptive phrase quintuple fire apparatus or quintuple combination pumper meaning an apparatus that has _____ major features or functions.

A

quint / five

p 560

66
Q

NFPA ______ establishes features that an apparatus must have in order to qualify as a quint.

A

1901

p 560

67
Q

Criteria for qualification as a quint apparatus is based on the following features:

  • Fire ______
  • Water ______
  • _______ and _______ hoses
  • _________ ladders
  • ________ device or _________ platform
A
  • pump
  • tank
  • supply and attack
  • ground
  • aerial / elevated

p 560-561

68
Q

On most aerial devices, the third, fourth, and fifth (if present) sections of the aerial device are extended and retracted by a system of _______ and _______.

A

cables and pulleys

p 562

69
Q

The __________ is the rotational structural component of the aerial device. It’s primary function is to provide continuous _________ on a horizontal plane.

A

turntable / rotation

p 563

70
Q

The operator’s ________ _________ is designed for operators of all heights and is positioned on the turntable side of the aerial apparatus.

A

control pedestal

p 564

71
Q

Most control pedestals have three separate levers used to control ?

A

elevation, rotation, and extension

p 564

72
Q
  • A safety device that prevents a component from functioning when another component is functioning.
A

Interlock

p 566

73
Q

There are two types of pre-piped waterway systems: ______ _________ systems and __________ waterway systems.

A

bed ladder / telescoping

p 567

74
Q
  • Non-telescoping section of pipe, usually 3 or 3 1/2 inches in diameter, attached to the underside of the bed section of the aerial ladder for the purpose of deploying an elevated master stream.
A

Bed Ladder Pipe

p 567

75
Q

Most new aerial ladders are equipped with a ___________ waterway that extends toward the top of the ladder.

A

telescoping

p 567

76
Q

Ladders that are _____ feet or shorter and equipped with a telescoping water system have piping that extends directly to the tip of the fly section. Taller ladders may have a water system that ______ before reaching the tip.

A

110 / ends

p 567-568

77
Q

Telescoping waterway systems

Generally, the minimum internal diameter in these piping systems is ____ inches.

A

4

p 568

78
Q

Telescoping waterway systems:

The piping that goes through the turntable is equipped with a continuous ________ joint that allows _____ degree rotation while flowing water.

A

swivel joint / 360

p 568

79
Q

Telescoping waterway systems:

On quints, the telescoping waterway system is also connected directly to the ______ ______ so that the truck may supply itself when necessary.

A

fire pump

p 568

80
Q

Most telescoping water systems are capable of flows up to ______ gpm.

A

1000 gpm

p 568

81
Q

Some telescoping pre-piped waterway systems allow the operator to _______ or _____ the master stream monitor to two locations along the device.

A

secure or pin

p 569

82
Q
  • Mechanical means to secure the master stream monitor to the ladder; anchoring mechanism may include pins, levers, or clamps.
A

Pin

p 569

83
Q

The ladder must be fully __________ and the waterway __________ before the operator adjust the pin location.

A

retracted / uncharged

p 569

84
Q

D/O should always be sure the master stream monitor is secured in its __________.

A

anchor

p 569

85
Q

Aerial ladders not equipped with pre-piped waterway systems have ?

A

detachable ladder pipe appliances

p 569

86
Q

Detachable ladder pipes are typically limited to flows of less than ______ gpm.

A

750

p 569

87
Q

Detachable ladder pipe systems:

A single _____ or _____ inch hoseline is run directly up the center of the ladder rungs and attached before elevating the ladder. Placing the hose either side of center causes unnecessary _________ ________ on the aerial ladder.

A

3 or 3 1/2 / torsional stress

p 569-570

88
Q
  • Hose appliance with one female and two or more male outlets; the outlets are usually smaller than the inlet, and are usually gated.
A

Wye

p 569

89
Q
  • A twisting action or an applied force resulting in a rotational twist.
A

Torsional Stress

p 570

90
Q
  • Hose appliance that has two or more female inlets and a single male outlet. It is equipped with hinged gates (clapper valves) that prevent water from being discharged through an open inlet.
A

Siamese Appliance

p 570

91
Q

Detachable ladder pipe systems:

The hose should be secured by hose straps at a minimum of _____ or _______ locations on the ladder. The hose should be long enough that the end opposite the nozzle rests ?

A

two or three / on the ground

p 570

92
Q

Most ladders with a detachable ladder pipe appliance restrict the sideways movement of the nozzle to about ____ degrees either side of center.

A

15 degrees

p 570-571

93
Q

In general, elevated platform waterway systems are similar to those to pre-piped aerial ladders systems. The primary difference is that the nozzle is located ?

A

in the platform, rather than being at the end of a ladder

p 571

94
Q

Because elevating platforms typically have greater ______ __________ than aerial ladders, the piping on these systems may be larger and flows up to _______ gpm are possible on some models.

A

load capacities / 2000 gpm

p 571

95
Q

Most elevating platforms are also equipped with at least one _____ inch __________ in the platform allowing handlines to be stretched from the platform if they are needed on upper levels of a structure.

A

2 1/2 inch / discharge

p 571

96
Q

Some water towers are equipped with ________ _________ and thermal _________ at the tip of the aerial device. A corresponding ________ monitor at the control panel allows the D/O to have an aerial view of where the fire stream from the water tower is being directed.

A

video camera / thermal imagers / video

p 572

97
Q

Some water towers also have an optional __________ nozzle at the end of the aerial device. This steam is capable of flows up to ______ gpm.

A

piercing nozzle / 300 gpm

p 572

98
Q

Communication System:

The system consists of a “_______-______” transmitter/receiver at the tip of the ladder and or in the elevating platform and a transmitter/receiver at the aerial operator position. The transmitter/receiver at the aerial operators position does not have to be a ______-______ type unit.

A

hands-free / hands-free

p 572

99
Q

NFPA ______ now requires a two-way communications systems on all aerial device apparatus.

A

NFPA 1901

p 573

100
Q

Some aerial devices are equipped with fixed ___________ _____ systems. These systems allow one or more firefighters to breath clean air without the need to don a standard fire department _______.

A

breathing air / SCBA

p 573

101
Q

True or False:

NFPA 1901 requires aerial devices to equipped with breathing air systems ?

A

False

NFPA 1901 does NOT require aerial devices to be equipped with breathing air systems.

p 573

102
Q

Which NFPA standard establishes requirements for the quality of the air in the breathing air systems ?

A

NFPA 1901 Standard on Breathing Air Quality for Emergency Services Respiratory Protection

p 573

103
Q

NFPA ______ establishes the requirement to annually test the breathing air systems and the quality of the stored air.

A

1911

p 573

104
Q
  • Device designed to protect against electrical shock; when grounding occurs the device opens a circuit to shut off the flow of electricity.
A

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

p 575

105
Q

True or False:

NFPA 1901 contains requirements for lights at the tip of the aerial device ?

A

False

NFPA 1901 does NOT contain requirements for lights at the tip of the aerial device

p 576

106
Q

Electrical power cords:

Common recommended lengths should not exceed _____ feet per reel or cord.

A

200 feet

p 576

107
Q

Electrical power cords:

________-_____ receptacles provide one form of secure, safe connections.

A

Twist-lock

p 576

108
Q

____________ _______ may be used when multiple connections are needed.

A

Junction boxes

p 576

109
Q

Hydraulic extrication tool systems:

Hose distances ______ feet or greater from the hydraulic pump may have a negative effect on tool operation.

A

100 feet

p 577

110
Q

NFPA ______ contains a list of the minimum equipment with which each aerial apparatus should be equipped.

A

1901

p 577

111
Q

NFPA _______ establishes ladder complements based on how the apparatus will operate. Each fire agency can decide the particular length of each ladder based on local needs; however, the
ladder complement must include at least the following:
* _______ ladders
* ______ ladders
* ___________ ladders

A

1901

  • Attic
  • Roof
  • Extenstion

p 578

112
Q

The variety of ground ladders on aerial apparatus is dictated by ?

A

NFPA 1901, the insurance industry, or the authority having jurisdiction

p 578

113
Q

Many fire agencies choose to carry an extension ladder that is _____ feet or longer to reach fourth or fifth story windows that are not accessible with the main aerial device. These ladders are also called “______” ladders.

A

40 feet / pole

p 578

114
Q

For a complete list of minimum requirements for forcible entry tools refer to NFPA ______.

A

1901

p 578

115
Q

Two common types of equipment used for mechanical ventilation are: ?

A

exhaust fans (smoke ejectors) and positive pressure blowers

p 579

116
Q

_________ _________ are placed in window, door, or roof openings for drawing out heat, smoke, and gases by creating a lower pressure inside the fire building.

A

Smoke ejectors

p 579

117
Q

___________ ____________ ventilation fans are used to increase the air pressure in a structure and thus force out the by-products of combustion.

A

Positive pressure

p 579

118
Q

_______ __________ starts from the minute companies leave the station and continues throughout the entire incident.

A

Loss control

p 579

119
Q

Loss control activities include safe __________ skills, ________ application techniques, and _________ and ___________.

A

driving / water / salvage and overhaul

p 579

120
Q

NFPA 1901 requires aerial apparatus to be equipped with multiple _________ covers and two _______ ________ to assist with salvage and overhaul efforts.

A

salvage / scoop shovels

p 579

121
Q

Tiller system inspection:

Since the tiller axle is a steering axle, steering wheel free play must not exceed ____ inches on a 20 inch wheel or ____ degrees on any other sized steering wheel.

A

2 / 10

p 581

122
Q

Aerial device inspection:

Regular visual and operational inspections of an aerial device are not adequate to ensure the integrity of the aerial device. Regular __________ testing is also important.

A

structural

p 582

123
Q

Visual inspection

  • Check the fluid level in the hydraulic reservoir when the system is _______, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
A

cold

p 583

124
Q

Visual inspection

  • Full aerial visual inspection may require placing the aerial in a full _____________ position at full extension.
A

horizontal

p 583

125
Q
  • Operating a hydraulic pump without allowing flow through the system; this generates tremendous heat and pressure and can damage components.
A

Deadheading

p 585

126
Q

__________________ testing is conducted every five years, after accidents, when the aerial device has been subjected to unusual stresses and loads, and following major repairs or overhauls.

A

Nondestructive

p 586

127
Q
  • Method of testing metal objects that does not subject them to stress-related damage.
A

Nondestructive testing

p 586

128
Q

Once placed into service, it is essential that the apparatus be tested at least ________ to ensure that it continues to perform safely as designed under emergency conditions.

A

yearly

p 586

Pumping & Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook 3rd (21 decks)

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