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Pumping & Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook 3rd > Chapter 17 - Positioning the Aerial Apparatus > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Positioning the Aerial Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q
  • Area beneath a wall in which the wall is likely to land if it loses structural integrity.
A

Collapse zone

p 611

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2
Q

________ extensions at ______ angles place the maximum amount of stress on an aerial device, and in some cases, reduce its load carrying capacity.

A

Long / low

p 612

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3
Q

The ___________ of the fire building affects the distance that the aerial device may be positioned from the building.

A

condition

p 613

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4
Q
  • (1) Positioning the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiency for operating on the fireground. (2) Positioning a ladder to reach an object or person.
A

Spotting

p 613

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5
Q

When using an aerial device, the D/O must consider the _________ ___________ of the spotting area.

A

surface condition

p 614

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6
Q

If working on soft surfaces, operators must be aware of and watch for ?

A

settling

p 614

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7
Q

The ____________ ______ supplied with the apparatus are to be used whenever the stabilizers are deployed.

A

stabilizer pads

p 614

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8
Q

_______-_________ paved surfaces, common in parking lots, may be as dangerous as soft soil.

A

Thin-skinned

p 614

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9
Q
  • Ground above underground vaults such as underground parking structures, utility chases, drainage culverts, basements that extend under sidewalks, or underground transportation systems.
A

Vaulted Surfaces

p 615

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10
Q

___________ covers are a good indicator of underground voids.

A

Manhole

p 615

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11
Q

Hot surfaces

One indicator of a compromised asphalt surface due to extreme heat is when the asphalt “________” creating a shiny, glass like surface.

A

bleeds

p 615

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12
Q

Grade

  • Positioning with the front of the apparatus up-hill:
    • With the rear tires off the ground, the truck has less resistance to ___________ ____________.
    • The rear compartments will be more difficult to _________ once the apparatus is leveled.
A

sliding downhill / reach

p 615

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13
Q

Grade

  • Positioning with the rear of the apparatus up-hill:
    • It will be easier to reach the ________ with a platform operating off the rear of the apparatus.
    • It is more likely that the _______ _______ will be lifted off the ground, causing the frame rails to sag and making the device more difficult to stow properly after operations are complete.
A

ground / front tires

p 615

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14
Q

Grade:

Depending on the operational capabilities of the apparatus and the severity of the grade, apparatus with two rear jacks may need to face _________. By facing _________, the angle of the ____________ is decreased, thereby increasing capability and stability.

A

uphill / uphill / turntable

p 615-616

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15
Q

Grade:

In some cases, it is possible to level the truck somewhat by using the ____________ to raise one side of the truck more than the other. Generally, this is only possible on grades that are _______________ to the long centerline of the apparatus.

A

stabilizers / perpendicular

p 616

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16
Q

Moderate to high winds impose a ___________ _______ on the aerial device and may reduce the overall stability by forcing movement for which the apparatus was not designed.

A

dynamic load

p 616

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17
Q
  • Loads that involve motion. They include forces arising from wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, or falling objects as well as the addition of a moving load force to an aerial device or structure.
A

Dynamic Load

also know as shock loading

p 616

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18
Q

When it is necessary to operate during high wind conditions, the D/O should spot the apparatus in a manner that minimizes the ___________ needed. The aerial device may also be positioned over the _______ or ______ of the apparatus, preferably __________ to wind direction.

A

extension / front or rear / parallel

p 616

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19
Q

If possible, the D/O should avoid spotting the apparatus in a position that will require a lot of aerial device maneuvering around _________ and ____________ obstructions.

A

ground and overhead

p 616

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20
Q

When positioning the aerial apparatus, the D/O should avoid parked _______, ________ containers, and similar obstructions.

A

vehicles / trash

p 616

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21
Q

In certain circumstances, the ground around a downed power line or charged vehicle may become _____________ energized. The ground becomes charged in __________ ________ with varying voltage potential.

A

electrically / concentric circles

p 616

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22
Q

Ground obstructions:

Stay away from the vehicle or power line, keeping both ______ on the ground at the same time. This will prevent you from becoming a ____________ between two areas of the ground that are charged differently.

A

feet / conductor

p 616

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23
Q

Overhead power line are not __________. The vehicle or parts of the vehicle do not need to touch the power line for the vehicle to become ___________.

A

insulated / energized

p 617

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24
Q

Overhead obstructions:

The long standing fire service standard has been to provide _____ feet of clearance between the aerial device and overhead high-voltage lines energized from _____ to ________ volts, and ____ feet of clearance for high voltage transmission lines over ________ volts.

A

10 / 600 to 50,000 / 50 / 50,000

p 617

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25
Q

The new OSHA standard for power line clearance in the construction industry requires ____ feet between the device and overhead electric lines of less than _____ kilovolts. For high tension lines of over _____ kilovolts, OSHA requires ____ feet of clearance.

A

20 / 350 / 350 / 50

p 617

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26
Q

If you are on or inside a vehicle that contacts or is energized by a power line, ______ ________ _____ ______.
_________ the vehicle is more hazardous than remaining _________.

A

stay where you are
Exiting / inside

p 618

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27
Q

If it becomes necessary to exit an apparatus that is in contact with electric lines, _______ _______ of the energized apparatus to reduce risk of electrocution. Maintain balance or fall _______, don’t fall back towards the vehicle which could result in the body becoming a pathway between the vehicle and the ground.

A

jump clear / forward

p 618

28
Q

Exiting energized apparatus

Place your feet close together and _____ or ________ until you are out of the danger area. Do not attempt to ______ or _______ as both may place you in danger of shock. Depending on the voltage of the power line, the distance you need to travel can be upwards of _____ feet.

A

hop or shuffle / walk or crawl / 150

p 618

29
Q

If someone is trapped inside a vehicle that has come in contact with a power line, instruct them to ?

A

stay inside and not try to exit, unless their life is in eminent danger or a fire is present.

p 619

30
Q

Stability of aerial apparatus can be improved by operating the aerial device in line with the ____________ _______.

A

longitudinal axis (apparatus body)

p 619

31
Q

The apparatus is most stable when the aerial device is operated directly over the ______ or ______ of the vehicle. Increasing the angle of the aerial device away from the longitudinal axis of the truck decreases the ______ _______ that can be carried safely.

A

front or rear / load weight

p 619

32
Q

An angle ____________ to the apparatus is the least stable position.

A

perpendicular

p 619

33
Q

By positioning the truck body in a _____ with the expected position of aerial use, the stability of the apparatus can be increased.

A

line

p 619-620

34
Q

For rear mounted aerial devices, _________ the apparatus is the preferred method, as this maximizes the reach of the aerial device, as opposed to ________ in the apparatus which would shorten the possible reach by a distance equal to the length of the apparatus. The opposite would be true for __________ mounted devices.

A

backing / nosing / midship

p 620

35
Q

Tillered aerial apparatus may be positioned to increase stability by ____________ the appartus.

A

jackknifing

p 620

36
Q
  • Condition of truck tractor/semitrailer combination when their relative positions to each other form an angle of 90 degrees or less about the trailer kingpin, such as turning the tractor portion of a tractor-tiller aerial apparatus at an angle from the trailer to increase stability when the aerial device is being used.
A

Jackknifing

p 620

37
Q

Jackknifing:

Greatest stability occurs when this angle is approximately ____ degrees from in-line and the aerial device is extended away from this angle. Good stability occurs at angles up to _____ degrees. Beyond _____ degrees stability decreases rapidly.

A

60 / 90 / 90

p 620

38
Q

_________ are those factors that work against the aerial devices strength.

A

Stresses

p 621

39
Q

Stress may be imposed in both ________ and _________ operation. The stress tends to be greater when the aerial device is in ________.

A

static (at rest) / dynamic (in motion) / motion

p 621

40
Q

Stress in aerial devices is increased when the ladder rungs are operated ____________ to the ground or when the apparatus is parked on an ________ and the aerial device must be operated off the ______ of the apparatus.

A

nonparallel / incline / side

p 622

41
Q

When an apparatus must operate off an incline, the D/O can reduce these stresses by spotting the turntable __________ from the point of operation.

A

down-hill

p 622

42
Q

When approaching from the uphill side, the apparatus should _____ ______ the building, and operate the aerial device from the ______ of the truck. When approaching from downhill side, the apparatus should be ________ ______ of the building and the aerial should be operated ______ the _____.

A

park past / rear / stopped short / over the cab

p 622

43
Q

Ideally, the truck should be operated in the ________ position with the aerial device directly ___-______ to reduce the stress.

A

uphill / in-line

p 622

44
Q

If the truck only has two jacks then the direction in which it can be stabilized in the grade is fairly limited. It needs to be facing _________.

A

uphill

p 622

45
Q

Another spotting consideration is whether the aerial device is designed to be operated in a position that is ____________ at the tip or ___________ position.

A

unsupported / supported (resting on a wall)

p 622

46
Q

The maximum loading for any unsupported aerial device occurs when operated at angles between ____ and ____ degrees from horizontal.

A

70 and 80

p 622

47
Q

The amount of extension affects aerial device ________. As extension increases, aerial _________ must decrease. Aerials operating at a low angle of elevation and at a long extension are at their ___________ operational position.

A

stress / loading / weakest

p 622

48
Q
  • Always approach incidents from _________ and _________, when possible.
  • If the apparatus is to be positioned in a dead-end access, ______ the apparatus into position if possible. This will make an _______ faster if it becomes necessary.
A

upwind and uphill / back / escape

p 624

49
Q

Highways:

  • Position the vehicle so that the _________ side of the vehicle is protected from the flow of traffic.
  • Turn the front wheels away from the ____________ working highway incidents so that the apparatus will not be driven into them if struck from behind.
A
  • operators
  • firefighters

p 626

50
Q

Highways:

  • Consider parking additional apparatus _____ to _____ feet behind the shielding apparatus to act as an additional barrier between firefighters and the flow of traffic.
  • Once on scene, place headlights on the _____-______ setting, without _________.
  • During nighttime incidents, use a minimum number of __________ ______ at the scene to prevent blinding other drivers or distracting them, possibly leading to another incident.
A
  • 150 to 200
  • low-beam / flashing
  • warning lights

p 626

51
Q

Most railroad companies advise that vehicles be kept at least ____ feet from the tracks when possible.

A

25 feet

p 627

52
Q

If raising an aerial device across railroad track is necessary, even when a halt confirmation has been received, keep the aerial device at least _____ feet above the level of the rails as an added safety precaution.

A

25

p 627

53
Q

Bridges:

  • If multiple apparatus must work on a bridge, do not park or operate all apparatus on the same _______. The combined ________ load of all apparatus may exceed its design limitations. Instead, stagger apparatus in different traffic _______ without parking _____-___-______.
A

span / static / lanes / side-by-side

p 628

54
Q

Bridges:

  • Recognize that most large bridges are designed to _______ somewhat in response to forces placed upon them by wind, traffic, and water movement below. This movement will be somewhat amplified at the ______ of a raised aerial device, depending on the type and intensity of the force. High _______ will further affect the movement of the aerial device. When this movement becomes uncomfortable for firefighters or begins to place excessive _______ stress on the aerial device, minimize the ____________ of the device as much as possible.
A

move / tip / winds / lateral / extension

p 628

55
Q

Structural incidents:

Consideration must be given to the fire’s potential ________. If the fire has the potential to grow or spread to exposures, the apparatus must be placed so that it is not ?

A

growth / trapped by the advancing fire

p 629

56
Q

If the fire building is known to be in poor repair, the aerial device should not be used in a ___________ position.

A

supported (touching the building)

p 631

57
Q

Hazardous Material Incidents:

  • Obtain information on the ______ speed and direction while en route to the scene.
  • Approach the incident from the ________ and ________ side if at all possible.
  • Always stop well _______ of the incident scene until the nature of the hazard is understood.
A
  • wind
  • upwind and uphill
  • short

p 631

58
Q

Hazardous Materials Incidents:

  • Consider the potential for exposure to high levels of heat if the incident involves ignited ____________ or ___________ _________.
  • Do not park over __________ or _______ drains. Flammable materials flowing into the underground system could ignite and explode.
  • If the material involved is a ___________, any contact with the aerial device could result in damage.
A
  • flammable or combustible liquids (or the potential for them to ignite)
  • manholes or storm drains
  • corrosive

p 631-632

59
Q

On all __________-___________ responses, the company officer and the D/O should consider the possibility that a hazardous material may be involved in an incident.

A

vehicle-related

p 632

60
Q

Aircraft Incidents:

  • Watch for pools of _____ ______ - do not drive through them or close enough to present an ignition source.
  • Position _________ of any fire conditions or vapors from un-ignited pools of fuel.
  • Stage the apparatus near the expected ____________ area when dispatched to an aircraft emergency landing. Complete the response only after the aircraft has ___________ down.
A
  • jet fuel
  • upwind
  • touchdown / touched

p 632

61
Q

Aircraft Incidents:

  • Passenger rescue
    • If the tip of the device is to be placed in an aircraft doorway, the apparatus should be positioned for accessing the ?
    • If the objective is to provide access over a wing or remove victims from the wing, the positioning principles are basically the same as for providing access to the ?
A
  • window of a building
  • roof of a building

p 633

62
Q

Aircraft incidents:

The D/O should avoid spotting the apparatus in a position that hinders the deployment of the aircraft emergency ________.

A

slides

p 634

63
Q

Aerial apparatus are frequently used to provide elevated master streams at fires involving large _______ ______ or _____/__________ processing facilities.

A

storage tanks / fuel/chemical

p 634

64
Q

When operating at storage tank fires, the apparatus should never be spotted inside the ______ that surrounds the affected tank(s).

A

dike

p 634

65
Q

Petroleum storage / processing facilities

An ________ location is most desirable if the aerial device is being used for direct fire attack. It is more efficient to discharge foam steams _____________.

A

upwind / downwind

p 634-635

66
Q

Some challenges of apparatus positioning at processing facilities include:

  • Narrow ___________
  • ______-_____ access
  • _____________ obstructions
A
  • driveways
  • Dead-end
  • Overhead

p 635

67
Q

Technical Rescue Incidents:

The proper positioning of aerial apparatus at the scene of a technical rescue operation will depend on whether the aerial device is being used to ?

A

directly aid in the mitigation of the incident or the apparatus is simply serving a support role on the scene.

p 635

Pumping & Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook 3rd (21 decks)

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