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Pumping & Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook 3rd > Chapter 6 - Hose Nozzles and Flow Rates > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Hose Nozzles and Flow Rates Flashcards

1
Q
  • Hose stream that stays together as a solid mass, as opposed to a fog or spray stream; a _______ stream is produced by a smooth bore nozzle and should not be confused with a straight stream.
A

Solid fire stream

p 194

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2
Q

A solid steam nozzle is produced with a ________ orifice and a __________ ______ nozzle.

A

fixed / smooth bore

p 194

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3
Q

The solid stream is tight with little _______ or ________ effect.

A

spray or shower

p 194

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4
Q

Solid stream nozzles are designed so that the volume of the water flowing through the nozzle is gradually __________ until just before the orifice.

A

reduced

p 194

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5
Q

The _________ ____________ and _______ of the discharge orifice determine the flow and reach of a solid stream.

A

nozzle pressure and size

p 194

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6
Q

Solid stream nozzles on handlines should generally be operated at a maximum of _____ psi nozzle pressure, while master stream appliances should be operated at a maximum _____ psi.

A

50 psi / 80 psi

p 194

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7
Q

What is the formula for (customary) discharge rate on a solid stream nozzle?

A

GPM = 29.7 * d^2 * ✔️NP

GPM = Discharge in gallons per minute
29.7 = A constant 
d = Diameter of the orifice in inches
NP = Nozzle Pressure in pounds per square inch (psi)

p 195

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8
Q
  • Water stream of finely divided particles used for fire control
A

Fog Stream

p 196

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9
Q

A fog stream may be produced by _____________ at the periphery, by ____________ jets of water, or a combination of these methods.

A

deflection / impinging

p 196

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10
Q

The reach of the fog stream is directly related to its _______, the size of the _______ ________, the _______ and the __________ of water flowing.

A

width / water particles / wind / volume

p 196

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11
Q

What are three fog nozzle patterns?

A

Straight stream
Narrow fog - 15 to 45 degree
Wide fog - 45 to 80 degree

p 196

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12
Q

A ___________ flow fog nozzle is designed to flow a specific volume of water on all stream patterns at a specific nozzle discharge pressure.

A

Constant flow nozzle

p 197

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13
Q

Most constant flow nozzles are designed to operate at a nozzle pressure of _____ psi. However, some nozzles may operate at ____ or ____ psi.

A

100 psi / 50 or 75 psi

p 197

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14
Q

Fog nozzles designed for adjustable gallonage settings are called?

A

Selectable Gallonage Nozzles

p 197

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15
Q

____________ fog nozzles are a type of variable flow nozzle with the ability to change patterns while maintaining the same nozzle pressure.

A

Automatic fog nozzles

p 198

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16
Q

Operating at a pressure of up to 800 psi, ______ __________ fog nozzles produce a stream with significant forward velocity, but a relatively low volume of water delivery.

A

high pressure fog nozzles

p 199

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17
Q

Nozzles for use on handlines may be ________, ______, or _________ stream design, ranging in size from a ____ inch “booster” nozzle to a nozzle suitable for a ____ inch diameter hoseline.

A

solid, fog, or broken / 3/4 / 3

p 199

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18
Q

Generally, ______ gpm is the maximum flow for a handline.

A

350 gpm

p 199

19
Q

Master stream nozzles are capable of water flow in excess of ______ gpm and must be properly __________ for safe operation.

A

350 gpm / secured

p 199

20
Q

Master Stream Nozzles:
Smooth bore streams are generally operated at _____ psi nozzle pressure, while fog appliances are generally operated at _____ psi.

A

80 psi / 100 psi

p 199

21
Q

The fire service operates three types of nozzles to produce three basic fire streams: ?

A

solid, fog, and broken stream

p 193

22
Q

The three basic types of master stream appliances are ________, ______________, and ___________.

A

fixed, combination, and portable

p 200

23
Q

Master stream appliances:

- Commonly called deck guns and permanently mounted on the apparatus.

A

Fixed monitors

p 200

24
Q

Master stream appliances:
- May be used in a mount on the apparatus or removed and used remotely from the vehicle; often have flow limitations when they are removed from the apparatus and placed on the ground.

A

Combination monitors

p 200

25
Q

Master stream appliances:

- Stored on the apparatus for deployment to the location where they are to be used.

A

Portable monitors

p 200

26
Q

An ___________ master stream may be pre-plumbed and permanently attached to an aerial ladder, platform, or other aerial device.

A

elevated

p 200

27
Q

_________ nozzles ( some varieties are referred to as distributors) are most often lowered through holes or other openings to the cellar of an occupancy.

A

Cellar nozzles

p 200

28
Q
  • Nozzle with an angled, case-hardened steel tip that can be driven through a wall, roof, or ceiling to extinguish hidden fire.
A

Piercing Nozzle

p 201

29
Q

The piercing nozzle is generally designed as ____ to ____ foot hollow steel rod _____ inches in diameter.

A

3 to 6 foot / 1 1/2 inches

p 201

30
Q

Flowing only _____ to _____ gpm at a nozzle pressure of 100 psi, the impinging holes of the chimney nozzle produce a very fine mist which turns to steam in the hot interior of the chimney flue.

A

1.5 to 3 gpm

p 201-202

31
Q
  • Counterforce directed against a person holding a nozzle or a device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged.
A

Nozzle Reaction

p 202

32
Q

Most fog nozzles are designed to operate at or below _____ psi nozzle pressure.

A

100 psi

p 202

33
Q

In most cases, solid stream nozzles for handline use should operate at ______ psi nozzle pressure.

A

50 psi

p 202

34
Q

Generally for fixed master stream appliances, a nozzle pressure of _____ psi is required.

A

80 psi

p 202

35
Q

What is the customary formula for nozzle reaction for solid stream nozzles?

A

NR = 1.57 * d^2 * NP

NR = Nozzle Reaction in pounds
1.57 = A Constant
d = Nozzle diameter in inches
NP = Nozzle Pressure in pounds per square inch (psi)

p 203

36
Q

A simple guideline for the Customary system of measurement for approximate solid stream nozzle reaction is ?

A

NR = Q/3
Q equals the total flow of water in gpm flowing through the nozzle

p 203

37
Q

What is the formula for calculating nozzle reaction for fog stream nozzles?

A 
NR = 0.0505 * Q * ✔️NP
NR = nozzle reaction in pounds
0.0505 = A constant 
Q = Total flow through the nozzle in gallons per minute (gpm)
NP = Nozzle Pressure in pounds per square inch (psi)

p 204

38
Q

Many selectable gallonage nozzles are designed to flow the gallonage indicated at _____ psi nozzle pressure.

A

100 psi

p 197-198

39
Q

If the gallonage supplied to the nozzle changes, the ____________ nozzle adjusts to maintain virtually the same pressure and consistency of pattern.

A

automatic

p 198

40
Q

The ability of an automatic fog nozzle is made possible by a _______-__________ device in the nozzle that constricts or expands the space between the baffle and the interior throat of the nozzle depending on water pressure.

A

spring-activated

p 198

41
Q

Which nozzles are best suited for wildland fires and are not recommended for structural fire fighting due to their low water flow of only 8 to 15 gpm?

A

High pressure fog nozzles

p 199

42
Q

What nozzles are commonly used in aircraft fire fighting, car fires, or to apply water to voids, attics, or other areas inaccessible to standard fire streams?

A

Piercing Nozzles also called penetrating nozzles

p 201

43
Q

Piercing Nozzles

An impinging jet nozzle capable of flowing approximately _____ gpm at ______ psi is part of the hardened tip.

A

125 gpm / 100 psi

p 201

Pumping & Aerial Apparatus Driver/Operator Handbook 3rd (21 decks)

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