Chapter 6 - Hose Nozzles and Flow Rates Flashcards
- Hose stream that stays together as a solid mass, as opposed to a fog or spray stream; a _______ stream is produced by a smooth bore nozzle and should not be confused with a straight stream.
Solid fire stream
p 194
A solid steam nozzle is produced with a ________ orifice and a __________ ______ nozzle.
fixed / smooth bore
p 194
The solid stream is tight with little _______ or ________ effect.
spray or shower
p 194
Solid stream nozzles are designed so that the volume of the water flowing through the nozzle is gradually __________ until just before the orifice.
reduced
p 194
The _________ ____________ and _______ of the discharge orifice determine the flow and reach of a solid stream.
nozzle pressure and size
p 194
Solid stream nozzles on handlines should generally be operated at a maximum of _____ psi nozzle pressure, while master stream appliances should be operated at a maximum _____ psi.
50 psi / 80 psi
p 194
What is the formula for (customary) discharge rate on a solid stream nozzle?
GPM = 29.7 * d^2 * ✔️NP
GPM = Discharge in gallons per minute 29.7 = A constant d = Diameter of the orifice in inches NP = Nozzle Pressure in pounds per square inch (psi)
p 195
- Water stream of finely divided particles used for fire control
Fog Stream
p 196
A fog stream may be produced by _____________ at the periphery, by ____________ jets of water, or a combination of these methods.
deflection / impinging
p 196
The reach of the fog stream is directly related to its _______, the size of the _______ ________, the _______ and the __________ of water flowing.
width / water particles / wind / volume
p 196
What are three fog nozzle patterns?
Straight stream
Narrow fog - 15 to 45 degree
Wide fog - 45 to 80 degree
p 196
A ___________ flow fog nozzle is designed to flow a specific volume of water on all stream patterns at a specific nozzle discharge pressure.
Constant flow nozzle
p 197
Most constant flow nozzles are designed to operate at a nozzle pressure of _____ psi. However, some nozzles may operate at ____ or ____ psi.
100 psi / 50 or 75 psi
p 197
Fog nozzles designed for adjustable gallonage settings are called?
Selectable Gallonage Nozzles
p 197
____________ fog nozzles are a type of variable flow nozzle with the ability to change patterns while maintaining the same nozzle pressure.
Automatic fog nozzles
p 198
Operating at a pressure of up to 800 psi, ______ __________ fog nozzles produce a stream with significant forward velocity, but a relatively low volume of water delivery.
high pressure fog nozzles
p 199
Nozzles for use on handlines may be ________, ______, or _________ stream design, ranging in size from a ____ inch “booster” nozzle to a nozzle suitable for a ____ inch diameter hoseline.
solid, fog, or broken / 3/4 / 3
p 199
Generally, ______ gpm is the maximum flow for a handline.
350 gpm
p 199
Master stream nozzles are capable of water flow in excess of ______ gpm and must be properly __________ for safe operation.
350 gpm / secured
p 199
Master Stream Nozzles:
Smooth bore streams are generally operated at _____ psi nozzle pressure, while fog appliances are generally operated at _____ psi.
80 psi / 100 psi
p 199
The fire service operates three types of nozzles to produce three basic fire streams: ?
solid, fog, and broken stream
p 193
The three basic types of master stream appliances are ________, ______________, and ___________.
fixed, combination, and portable
p 200
Master stream appliances:
- Commonly called deck guns and permanently mounted on the apparatus.
Fixed monitors
p 200
Master stream appliances:
- May be used in a mount on the apparatus or removed and used remotely from the vehicle; often have flow limitations when they are removed from the apparatus and placed on the ground.
Combination monitors
p 200
Master stream appliances:
- Stored on the apparatus for deployment to the location where they are to be used.
Portable monitors
p 200
An ___________ master stream may be pre-plumbed and permanently attached to an aerial ladder, platform, or other aerial device.
elevated
p 200
_________ nozzles ( some varieties are referred to as distributors) are most often lowered through holes or other openings to the cellar of an occupancy.
Cellar nozzles
p 200
- Nozzle with an angled, case-hardened steel tip that can be driven through a wall, roof, or ceiling to extinguish hidden fire.
Piercing Nozzle
p 201
The piercing nozzle is generally designed as ____ to ____ foot hollow steel rod _____ inches in diameter.
3 to 6 foot / 1 1/2 inches
p 201
Flowing only _____ to _____ gpm at a nozzle pressure of 100 psi, the impinging holes of the chimney nozzle produce a very fine mist which turns to steam in the hot interior of the chimney flue.
1.5 to 3 gpm
p 201-202
- Counterforce directed against a person holding a nozzle or a device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged.
Nozzle Reaction
p 202
Most fog nozzles are designed to operate at or below _____ psi nozzle pressure.
100 psi
p 202
In most cases, solid stream nozzles for handline use should operate at ______ psi nozzle pressure.
50 psi
p 202
Generally for fixed master stream appliances, a nozzle pressure of _____ psi is required.
80 psi
p 202
What is the customary formula for nozzle reaction for solid stream nozzles?
NR = 1.57 * d^2 * NP
NR = Nozzle Reaction in pounds 1.57 = A Constant d = Nozzle diameter in inches NP = Nozzle Pressure in pounds per square inch (psi)
p 203
A simple guideline for the Customary system of measurement for approximate solid stream nozzle reaction is ?
NR = Q/3
Q equals the total flow of water in gpm flowing through the nozzle
p 203
What is the formula for calculating nozzle reaction for fog stream nozzles?
NR = 0.0505 * Q * ✔️NP NR = nozzle reaction in pounds 0.0505 = A constant Q = Total flow through the nozzle in gallons per minute (gpm) NP = Nozzle Pressure in pounds per square inch (psi)
p 204
Many selectable gallonage nozzles are designed to flow the gallonage indicated at _____ psi nozzle pressure.
100 psi
p 197-198
If the gallonage supplied to the nozzle changes, the ____________ nozzle adjusts to maintain virtually the same pressure and consistency of pattern.
automatic
p 198
The ability of an automatic fog nozzle is made possible by a _______-__________ device in the nozzle that constricts or expands the space between the baffle and the interior throat of the nozzle depending on water pressure.
spring-activated
p 198
Which nozzles are best suited for wildland fires and are not recommended for structural fire fighting due to their low water flow of only 8 to 15 gpm?
High pressure fog nozzles
p 199
What nozzles are commonly used in aircraft fire fighting, car fires, or to apply water to voids, attics, or other areas inaccessible to standard fire streams?
Piercing Nozzles also called penetrating nozzles
p 201
Piercing Nozzles
An impinging jet nozzle capable of flowing approximately _____ gpm at ______ psi is part of the hardened tip.
125 gpm / 100 psi
p 201
