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Medical Terms > Chapter 8. Female Reproductive System - Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 8. Female Reproductive System - Medical Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adnexa uteri

A

accessory parts of the uterus; fallopian tubes and ovaries

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2
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstrual flow

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3
Q

amniocentesis

A

surgical puncture with a needle to withdraw fluid from within the amniotic sac

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4
Q

amnion

A

innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus

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5
Q

amniotic fluid

A

fluid contained within the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus

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6
Q

anovulatory

A

not accompanied by ovulation (release of eggs from the ovary)

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7
Q

areola

A

dark, pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple

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8
Q

Bartholin glands

A

two small mucus-secreting glands near the opening of the vagina to the outside of the body

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9
Q

cephalic version

A

procedure for turning the fetus so that its head is the presenting part to enter the birth canal first

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10
Q

cervix

A

necklike, lower portion of the uterus

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11
Q

chorion

A

outermost membrane surrounding the developing fetus; it forms the fetal part of the placenta

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12
Q

chorionic

A

pertaining to the chorion

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13
Q

clitoris

A

sensitive erectile tissue, outside the body in front of the opening of the female urethra

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14
Q

coitus

A

sexual intercourse

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15
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination of the vagina using an endoscope (colposcope)

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16
Q

corpus luteum

A

yellow glandular mass (corpus) formed by an ovarian follicle that has matured and discharged its ovum; it secretes progesterone to maintain pregnancy

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17
Q

cul-de-sac

A

region in the lower abdomen between the uterus and the rectum

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18
Q

culdocentesis

A

surgical (needle) puncture of the cul-de-sac to remove fluid for analysis and diagnosis of disease

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19
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful, difficult menses (menstruation)

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20
Q

dyspareunia

A

painful sexual intercourse

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21
Q

dystocia

A

difficult childbirth

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22
Q

embryo

A

stage in prenatal development from two to six weeks

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23
Q

endocervicitis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix (lower, necklike portion of the uterus)

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24
Q

endometritis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (upper portion)

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25
Q

endometrium

A

inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus

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26
Q

episiotomy

A

incision of the vulva (perineum) to widen the opening of the vagina during a difficult childbirth

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27
Q

estrogen

A

ovarian hormone that promotes female secondary sex characteristics and sexual development

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28
Q

fallopian tube

A

one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus (oviducts or uterine tubes)

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29
Q

fertilization

A

union of the egg (ovum) and sperm cell

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30
Q

fetal presentation

A

manner in which the fetus enters the birth canal

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31
Q

fetus

A

stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks

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32
Q

fimbriae

A

finger or fringe-like ends of the fallopian tubes

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33
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)

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34
Q

galactorrhea

A

excessive or abnormal secretion of milk after breast-feeding has ended

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35
Q

gamete

A

reproductive cell (ovum or sperm cell)

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36
Q

genetalia

A

reproductive organs (genitals)

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37
Q

gestation

A

nine-month period during which a fertilized egg cell develops into an infant; pregnancy

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38
Q

gonad

A

female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones

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39
Q

gynecology

A

study of the female reproductive organs, including the breasts

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40
Q

gynecomastia

A

female-like breast enlargement in a male

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41
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

secreted by the placenta to sustain pregnancy

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42
Q

hymen

A

mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina

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43
Q

hysterectomy

A

removal of the uterus

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44
Q

hysteroscopy

A

visual examination (endoscopic) of the uterus

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45
Q

intrauterine device (IUD)

A

device inserted by a physician into the uterus to prevent pregnancy

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46
Q

involution

A

shrinking of the uterus (womb) to its normal size after childbirth

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47
Q

labia

A

lips of the vagina

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48
Q

lactation

A

production of milk

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49
Q

lactiferous ducts

A

tubes that carry milk throughout the breast

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50
Q

leukorrhea

A

white to yellow discharge from the vagina

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51
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation

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52
Q

mammary

A

pertaining to the breast

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53
Q

mammary papilla

A

nipple of the breast

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54
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical repair of the breast (augmentation or reduction surgery)

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55
Q

mastectomy

A

removal (excision) of a breast

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56
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of a breast

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57
Q

menarche

A

beginning of the first menstrual period

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58
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

excessive uterine bleeding during menstruation and also between menstrual periods

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59
Q

menopause

A

gradual ending of menstruation

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60
Q

metrorrhagia

A

bleeding between menstruations

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61
Q

multigravida

A

a woman who has been pregnant more than once

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62
Q

multipara

A

a woman who has delivered more than one viable infant

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63
Q

myomectomy

A

removal of muscle tumors (fibroids) from the uterus

64
Q

myometrium

A

muscle layer of the uterus

65
Q

neonatal

A

newborn

66
Q

neonatology

A

study of newborns

67
Q

nullipara

A

a woman who has never given birth to an infant

68
Q

obstetrics

A

branch of medicine dealing with the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth

69
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

scanty menstrual flow

70
Q

oocyte

A

immature ovum

71
Q

oogenesis

A

formation of ova (egg cells)

72
Q

oophorectomy

A

removal of an ovary

73
Q

orifice

A

an opening

74
Q

ovarian

A

pertaining to an ovary

75
Q

ovarian follicle

A

tiny sac in the ovary that contains an egg cell (ovum)

76
Q

ovary

A

one of two female reproductive organs (gonads) that produce egg cells and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

77
Q

ovulation

A

release of an egg cell from an ovary

78
Q

ovum, ova

A

egg cell; plural is ova

79
Q

oxytocia

A

rapid labor and childbirth

80
Q

oxytocin

A

secretion of the pituitary glad causing contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulation of milk secretion from the breast

81
Q

parturition

A

act of giving birth

82
Q

perineorrhaphy

A

suture of the perineum (following an episiotomy)

83
Q

perineum

A

area between the anus and vagina in females and the area between the anus and scrotal sac in males

84
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

85
Q

placenta

A

vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy

86
Q

pregnancy

A

condition of having a developing embryo and fetus in the body for about 40 weeks; gestation

87
Q

prenatal

A

pertaining to before birth

88
Q

primigravida

A

a woman during her first pregnancy

89
Q

primipara

A

a woman who has given birth to her first child

90
Q

primiparous

A

pertaining to a woman who has given birth to her first child

91
Q

progesterone

A

hormone secreted by the ovaries; maintains the lining of the uterus during pregnancy

92
Q

pseudocyesis

A

false pregnancy

93
Q

puberty

A

period during which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the ability to reproduce begins

94
Q

pyosalpinx

A

pus in a fallopian tube

95
Q

retroversion

A

tipping backward of an organ or a part of the body; as in the uterus

96
Q

salpingectomy

A

removal of a fallopian tube

97
Q

uterine serosa

A

outermost layer surrounding the uterus

98
Q

uterus

A

hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop; womb

99
Q

vagina

A

muscular, mucosal tube extending from the uterus (cervix) to the exterior of the body

100
Q

vaginal orifice

A

opening of the vagina to the exterior of the body

101
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

102
Q

vulva

A

external female genitalia; labia, clitoris and vaginal orifice

103
Q

vulvovaginitis

A

inflammation of the vulva and vagina

104
Q

zygote

A

stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks

105
Q

abortion

A

premature ending of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is able to exist on its own

106
Q

abruptio placentae

A

premature detachment of the placenta from its place in the uterine wall

107
Q

Apgar score

A

system of scoring an infant’s physical condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

108
Q

aspiration

A

withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction

109
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

cancerous tumor that is localized and has not spread either to nearby tissue or through the lymphatic system or bloodstream

110
Q

carcinoma of the breast

A

malignant tumor of breast tissue; breast cancer

111
Q

carcinoma of the cervix

A

malignant cells within the cervix (lower portion of the uterus)

112
Q

carcinoma of the endometrium

A

malignant tumor of the uterus (endometrium)

113
Q

cauterization

A

destruction of tissue by burning

114
Q

cervical dysplasia

A

abnormal cells in the cervix (lower, neck-like region of the uterus)

115
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the cervix

116
Q

cesarean section

A

surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus

117
Q

chriocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the placenta

118
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis)

119
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination of the vagina and uterine cervix using an optical magnifying instrument called a colposcopy

120
Q

conization

A

removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix

121
Q

cryocauterization

A

use of freezing cold temperature to burn and destroy tissue

122
Q

culdocentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the cul-de-sac

123
Q

cystadenocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor containing fluid-filled sacs and glandular tissue; commonly occurring in the ovaries

124
Q

cystadenoma

A

benign tumor of cystic and glandular components, commonly found in the ovaries

125
Q

dermoid cysts

A

ovarian cysts lined with a variety of cell types (cell, skin, teeth)

126
Q

dilatation

A

widening and enlargement of a hollow organ

127
Q

dilation and curettage

A

widening (dilation) of the cervix and scraping the endometrial lining of the uterus

128
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than in the uterus

129
Q

endometriosis

A

endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus

130
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by a blood group incompatibility (Rh factor) between the mother and fetus

131
Q

exenteneration

A

removal of internal organs; pelvic exenteration is removal of ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, and sections of the intestines

132
Q

fetal monitoring

A

continuous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor

133
Q

fibrocystic disease

A

presence of small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast

134
Q

fibroids

A

benign tumors of fibrous muscular tissue in the uterus; leiomyomas

135
Q

hyaline membrane disease

A

acute lung disease in premature infants; respiratory distress disease syndrome of the newborn

136
Q

hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain; in infants, the condition causes enlargement of the head

137
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

x-ray recording of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material

138
Q

in vitro fertilization

A

egg an sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization; fertilized ova are then implanted into the uterus through the cervix

139
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope

140
Q

leiomyomas

A

benign tumors of the uterus; fibroids

141
Q

lumen

A

cavity or channel with a tube or tubular organ, as a blood vessel, vagina, or fallopian tube

142
Q

mammography

A

x-ray record of the breast

143
Q

meconium aspiration syndrome

A

abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stools) by a fetus or newborn

144
Q

multiple gestation

A

more than one fetus inside the uterus

145
Q

ovarian carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the ovary; ovarian adenocarcinoma

146
Q

ovarian cyst

A

sacs of fluid within or on the ovaries

147
Q

palpation

A

process of examining by using hands or fingers on the outside of the body

148
Q

pap smear

A

microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix

149
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; including salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, and endocervicitis

150
Q

pelvic ultrasonography

A

recording images of sound waves as they bounce off the organs in the pelvic region

151
Q

pelvimetry

A

measurement of the female pelvis

152
Q

placenta previa

A

placental implantation over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterine wall

153
Q

preeclampsia

A

abnormal condition of pregnancy marked by high blood pressure, proteinura, and edema

154
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum in a newborn

155
Q

respiratory distress syndrome

A

abnormal condition in infants when a protein (surfactant) is missing in the lung tissues; infants have difficult respiratory function; hyaline membrane disease

156
Q

tubal ligation

A

tying off of the fallopian tubes to make a woman incapable of reproduction; sterilization of a female

Medical Terms (14 decks)

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