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Medical Terms > Chapter 4. Prefixes - Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 4. Prefixes - Medical Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abductor

A

muscle that leads a limb away from the body

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2
Q

adductor

A

muscle that leads a limb toward the body

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3
Q

adrenal glands

A

endocrine glands above the kidney

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4
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up proteins in cells

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5
Q

analysis

A

separation of a substance into various parts

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6
Q

anoxia

A

without oxygen

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7
Q

ante cibum

A

before meals

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8
Q

anteflexion

A

bending forward

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9
Q

antepartum

A

before birth

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10
Q

antibiotic

A

against life (germ life), things given to combat bacteria

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11
Q

antibody

A

proteins made by white blood cells to destroy antigens

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12
Q

antigen

A

substance (protein) that stimulates the production of antibodies

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13
Q

antisepsis

A

destruction of microorganisms to prevent infection

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14
Q

antitoxin

A

substance produced against a toxin (poison); an antibody

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15
Q

apnea

A

without breathing

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16
Q

autoimmune disease

A

antibodies that are produces against an individual’s own normal cells

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17
Q

benign

A

non-cancerous

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18
Q

bifurcation

A

branching or forking into two parts

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19
Q

bilateral

A

pertaining to both or two sides

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20
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat, usually less than 60 beats per minute

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21
Q

congenital anomaly

A

abnormality present at birth; birth defect

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22
Q

connective tissue

A

tissue that supports and binds other tissues and parts, examples are bones, cartilage, muscle, or fibrous tissue

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23
Q

contraindication

A

a factor that prohibits the administration of a drug or procedure in the care of a patient

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24
Q

contralateral

A

affecting the opposite side of a part of the body

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25
Q

dehydration

A

excessive loss of water

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26
Q

dialysis

A

separation of nitrogenous wastes from the blood when the kidneys no longer function

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27
Q

diameter

A

distance between opposite parts on the circumference of a structure

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28
Q

diarrhea

A

the frequent passage of watery, loose stools

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29
Q

dysplaisa

A

condition of abnormal formation

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30
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

a pregnancy that is outside the uterus

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31
Q

endocardium

A

the inner lining of the heart

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32
Q

endoscope

A

instrument to visually examine within the body; bronchoscope

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33
Q

endotracheal

A

pertaining to within the trachea

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34
Q

epithelium

A

layer of cells covering the external surface of the body and lining the hollow tubes within the body

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35
Q

euphoria

A

condition of exaggerated well-being (“good feeling”)

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36
Q

euthyroid

A

normal thyroid function

37
Q

exophthalmos

A

eyeballs that protrude from their sockets; associated with hyperthyroidism

38
Q

hemiglossectomy

A

removal (resection) of half the tongue

39
Q

hyperglycemia

A

condition of excessive or high blood sugar; diabetes mellitus

40
Q

hyperplasia

A

condition of increased formation of cells

41
Q

hypertrophy

A

condition of increased development when individual cells increase in size

42
Q

hypodermic injection

A

placement of a needle below the skin

43
Q

hypoglycemia

A

condition of decreased sugar in the blood; low blood sugar

44
Q

infracostal

A

pertaining to below the ribs

45
Q

insomniac

A

pertaining to without sleep; a person who cannot sleep

46
Q

intercostal

A

pertaining to between the ribs

47
Q

intravenous

A

pertaining to within a vein

48
Q

macrocephaly

A

condition of larger than normal head

49
Q

malaise

A

general feeling of bodily discomfort

50
Q

malignant

A

cancerous; harmful

51
Q

metacarpal bones

A

hand bones

52
Q

metamorphosis

A

condition of change of shape or form

53
Q

metastasis

A

spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location to a distant site

54
Q

microscope

A

instrument to view small objects

55
Q

neonatal

A

pertaining to a newborn infant

56
Q

neoplasm

A

new growth

57
Q

pancytopenia

A

deficiency of all cells (blood cells)

58
Q

paralysis

A

destruction of nerve tissue leading to loss of sensation or motion in a part of the body

59
Q

parathyroid gland

A

four endocrine glands on the posterior (dorsal) region of the thyroid gland

60
Q

percutaneous

A

pertaining to through the skin

61
Q

periosteum

A

membrane surrounding a bone

62
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

pertaining to a nucleus with several or many shapes; ploymorphonuclear leukocytes are white blood cells with a multilobed nucleus

63
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation of many nerves

64
Q

postmortem

A

after death

65
Q

postpartum

A

after birth

66
Q

precancerous

A

pertaining to occuring before a malignant condition

67
Q

prenatal

A

pertaining to before birth

68
Q

prodrome

A

symptom that appears before the onset of a more serious illness, for example a fever that signals the onset of a viral illness

69
Q

prolapse

A

sliding forward or downward

70
Q

pseudocyesis

A

false pregnancy

71
Q

recombinant DNA

A

insertion of a gene (region of DNA) from an organism into the DNA of another organism

72
Q

relapse

A

sliding or falling back, as in recurrence of symptoms or decline after apparent recovery

73
Q

remission

A

literally, to send back to good health; disappearance of disease symptoms

74
Q

retroflexion

A

bending backward

75
Q

retroperitoneal

A

pertaining to behind the peritoneum (membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity)

76
Q

subcutaneous

A

pertaining to under the skin

77
Q

suprapubic

A

pertaining to above the pelvis

78
Q

symbiosis

A

close association between organisms of different species of a state in which two people are emotionally dependent upon each other

79
Q

symmetry

A

equality of parts, literally measured together

80
Q

symphysis

A

literally, grow together

81
Q

syndactyly

A

fusion of fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly

82
Q

syndrome

A

group of symptoms that occur together indicating a particular condition or disorder

83
Q

synthesis

A

literally, to put (-thesis) together (syn-)

84
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

85
Q

transfusion

A

literally, to pour (-fusion) across (trans-); transference of blood from one person to another

86
Q

transurethral

A

pertaining to across or through the urethra

87
Q

ultrasonography

A

the prefix ultra- means beyond or excessive; sonography is the process of recording sound waves; ultrasonography is the use of high frequency sound waves that are beyond the range of normal hearing to produce a record or picture of an organ or tissue

88
Q

unilateral

A

pertaining to one side

Medical Terms (14 decks)

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