Chapter 4. Prefixes - Medical Terms Flashcards
abductor
muscle that leads a limb away from the body
adductor
muscle that leads a limb toward the body
adrenal glands
endocrine glands above the kidney
anabolism
process of building up proteins in cells
analysis
separation of a substance into various parts
anoxia
without oxygen
ante cibum
before meals
anteflexion
bending forward
antepartum
before birth
antibiotic
against life (germ life), things given to combat bacteria
antibody
proteins made by white blood cells to destroy antigens
antigen
substance (protein) that stimulates the production of antibodies
antisepsis
destruction of microorganisms to prevent infection
antitoxin
substance produced against a toxin (poison); an antibody
apnea
without breathing
autoimmune disease
antibodies that are produces against an individual’s own normal cells
benign
non-cancerous
bifurcation
branching or forking into two parts
bilateral
pertaining to both or two sides
bradycardia
slow heartbeat, usually less than 60 beats per minute
congenital anomaly
abnormality present at birth; birth defect
connective tissue
tissue that supports and binds other tissues and parts, examples are bones, cartilage, muscle, or fibrous tissue
contraindication
a factor that prohibits the administration of a drug or procedure in the care of a patient
contralateral
affecting the opposite side of a part of the body
dehydration
excessive loss of water
dialysis
separation of nitrogenous wastes from the blood when the kidneys no longer function
diameter
distance between opposite parts on the circumference of a structure
diarrhea
the frequent passage of watery, loose stools
dysplaisa
condition of abnormal formation
ectopic pregnancy
a pregnancy that is outside the uterus
endocardium
the inner lining of the heart
endoscope
instrument to visually examine within the body; bronchoscope
endotracheal
pertaining to within the trachea
epithelium
layer of cells covering the external surface of the body and lining the hollow tubes within the body
euphoria
condition of exaggerated well-being (“good feeling”)
euthyroid
normal thyroid function
exophthalmos
eyeballs that protrude from their sockets; associated with hyperthyroidism
hemiglossectomy
removal (resection) of half the tongue
hyperglycemia
condition of excessive or high blood sugar; diabetes mellitus
hyperplasia
condition of increased formation of cells
hypertrophy
condition of increased development when individual cells increase in size
hypodermic injection
placement of a needle below the skin
hypoglycemia
condition of decreased sugar in the blood; low blood sugar
infracostal
pertaining to below the ribs
insomniac
pertaining to without sleep; a person who cannot sleep
intercostal
pertaining to between the ribs
intravenous
pertaining to within a vein
macrocephaly
condition of larger than normal head
malaise
general feeling of bodily discomfort
malignant
cancerous; harmful
metacarpal bones
hand bones
metamorphosis
condition of change of shape or form
metastasis
spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location to a distant site
microscope
instrument to view small objects
neonatal
pertaining to a newborn infant
neoplasm
new growth
pancytopenia
deficiency of all cells (blood cells)
paralysis
destruction of nerve tissue leading to loss of sensation or motion in a part of the body
parathyroid gland
four endocrine glands on the posterior (dorsal) region of the thyroid gland
percutaneous
pertaining to through the skin
periosteum
membrane surrounding a bone
polymorphonuclear
pertaining to a nucleus with several or many shapes; ploymorphonuclear leukocytes are white blood cells with a multilobed nucleus
polyneuritis
inflammation of many nerves
postmortem
after death
postpartum
after birth
precancerous
pertaining to occuring before a malignant condition
prenatal
pertaining to before birth
prodrome
symptom that appears before the onset of a more serious illness, for example a fever that signals the onset of a viral illness
prolapse
sliding forward or downward
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy
recombinant DNA
insertion of a gene (region of DNA) from an organism into the DNA of another organism
relapse
sliding or falling back, as in recurrence of symptoms or decline after apparent recovery
remission
literally, to send back to good health; disappearance of disease symptoms
retroflexion
bending backward
retroperitoneal
pertaining to behind the peritoneum (membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity)
subcutaneous
pertaining to under the skin
suprapubic
pertaining to above the pelvis
symbiosis
close association between organisms of different species of a state in which two people are emotionally dependent upon each other
symmetry
equality of parts, literally measured together
symphysis
literally, grow together
syndactyly
fusion of fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly
syndrome
group of symptoms that occur together indicating a particular condition or disorder
synthesis
literally, to put (-thesis) together (syn-)
tachypnea
rapid breathing
transfusion
literally, to pour (-fusion) across (trans-); transference of blood from one person to another
transurethral
pertaining to across or through the urethra
ultrasonography
the prefix ultra- means beyond or excessive; sonography is the process of recording sound waves; ultrasonography is the use of high frequency sound waves that are beyond the range of normal hearing to produce a record or picture of an organ or tissue
unilateral
pertaining to one side
