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Medical Terms > Chapter 14. Lymphatic and Immune Systems - Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 14. Lymphatic and Immune Systems - Medical Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acquired immunity

A

formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen

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2
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

depression or suppression of the immune system after exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems

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3
Q

adenoids

A

masses of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

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4
Q

allergen

A

substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity in a body; an antigen

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5
Q

allergy

A

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen (allergen)

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6
Q

anaphylaxis

A

exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance

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7
Q

antibody

A

protein produced in the bloodstream by lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen, such as a bacterium or toxin; antibodies destroy or weaken antigens

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8
Q

antigen

A

substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

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9
Q

asplenia

A

no spleen

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10
Q

atopy

A

intense allergic reaction (such as asthma) influenced by hereditary tendency or predisposition

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11
Q

autoimmune disease

A

chronic disabling disease caused by the abnormal production of antibodies to normal body tissues; multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus are examples

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12
Q

axillary nodes

A

lymph nodes under the arm

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13
Q

B cell

A

a lymphocyte that originates in bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies

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14
Q

CD4 cell

A

Helper T cell that carries the CD4 protein antigen on its surface

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15
Q

cervical nodes

A

lymph nodes in the neck

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16
Q

complement system

A

proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their target

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17
Q

cytokines

A

proteins that aid cells to destroy antigens; examples are interleukins and interferons

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18
Q

cytotoxic T cell

A

T cell lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells; T8 cell

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19
Q

dendritic cell

A

a type of macrophage that captures antigens and presents them to T cells for destruction

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20
Q

ELISA

A

test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in blood; this is a screening test for AIDS

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21
Q

helper T cell

A

lymphocyte that aids a B cell lymphocyte in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production

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22
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

malignant tumor of lymphatic tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes

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23
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS

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24
Q

hypersensitivity

A

abnormal condition characterized by an exaggerated response of the immune system to an antigen

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25
Q

hypersplenism

A

syndrome of spleen enlargement (splenomegaly) and destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis)

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26
Q

immunity

A

body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins; this includes natural immunity and acquired immunity

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27
Q

immunoelectrophoresis

A

laboratory test that separates immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgD, IgE, and IgA)

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28
Q

immunoglobulins

A

antibodies (proteins) secreted by B-cell lymphocytes (plasma cells)

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29
Q

immunosuppression

A

blocking or turning off the normal immune response

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30
Q

immunotherapy

A

use of immunologic techniques to treat disease

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31
Q

inguinal node

A

lymph node in the groin region

32
Q

interferons

A

anti-viral proteins secreted by lymphocytes

33
Q

interleukins

A

proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the immune system including B & T cell lymphocytes

34
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid that fills the spaces in between cells

35
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of skin and connective tissue; associated with AIDS

36
Q

lymph

A

fluid that circulates within lymph vessels and lymph nodes

37
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of lymph nodes

38
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

disease of lymph nodes

39
Q

lymph capillaries

A

tiny lymph vessels that carry lymph through the body

40
Q

lymphedema

A

abnormal collection of fluid in tissue spaces caused by obstruction of lymph vessels and backflow of lymph

41
Q

lymph node

A

mass of stationary lymphatic tissue along the path of lymph vessels

42
Q

lymphocytes

A

white blood cells that develop primarily in lymph nodes and the spleen and fight against foreign organisms

43
Q

lymphocytosis

A

increase in numbers of lymphocytes in the bloodstream

44
Q

lymphocytopenia

A

deficiency of lymphocytes

45
Q

lymphoid organs

A

organs containing and derived from lymphatic tissue

46
Q

lymphoma

A

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue

47
Q

lymphopoiesis

A

formation of lymphocytes

48
Q

lymph vessel

A

carries lymph throughout the body

49
Q

macrophage

A

large phagocyte found in lymphatic tissues and connective tissues; derived from a monocyte

50
Q

mediastinal nodes

A

lymph nodes in the mediastinum (central area between the lungs in the chest)

51
Q

monoclonal antibody

A

antibody produced in a laboratory to attack specific antigens

52
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant tumor of bone marrow cells (plasma cells that produce immunoglobulins)

53
Q

natural immunity

A

person’s own genetic ability to fight off disease; it includes phagocytes and lymphocytes such as natural killer cells

54
Q

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

malignant tumor of cells (lymphocytes and large macrophages called histocytes) found in lymph nodes and spleen

55
Q

opportunistic infections

A

infectious diseases associated with AIDS; toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, herpes simplex, and pneumoncytosis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

56
Q

plasma cell

A

B cell lymphocyte that secretes antibodies

57
Q

protease inhibitors (PI)

A

drugs used to treat AIDS by blocking production of protease, and enzyme that helps HIV to reproduce

58
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

receives lymph from the right side of the body and empties lymph into a vein in the neck

59
Q

severe combined immunodeficiency disease

A

infants are born with a deficiency of B cells and T cells resulting in a lack of immunity

60
Q

spleen

A

organ adjacent to the stomach (in the LUQ) that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

61
Q

splenectomy

A

removal of the spleen

62
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

63
Q

suppressor T cell

A

lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cell lymphocytes

64
Q

T cell

A

lymphocyte originating in the thymus gland and destroys antigens by direct action or production of cytokines such as interferons and interleukins

65
Q

thoracic duct

A

large lymphatic vessel in the upper chest

66
Q

thymectomy

A

removal of the thymus gland

67
Q

thymoma

A

malignant tumor of the thymus gland

68
Q

thymus gland

A

lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that produces T cell lymphocytes and aids in the immune response

69
Q

tonsils

A

masses of lymphatic tissue on either side of the back of the mouth

70
Q

toxic

A

pertaining to a toxin, which is a poison or harmful substance

71
Q

toxin

A

poison or harmful substance

72
Q

vaccination

A

introduction of a vaccine (containing dead or weakened antigen) to produce immunity; it is a type of acquired immunity

73
Q

vaccine

A

weakened or dead antigens to induce antibody production

74
Q

viral load test

A

measures the amount of HIV in the bloodstream

75
Q

wasting syndrome

A

weight loss and decrease in muscle strength, appetite, and mental activity that occurs with AIDS

76
Q

Western blot

A

specific test to detect presence of anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream

Medical Terms (14 decks)

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