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Medical Terms > Chapter 6. Suffixes and Digestive System Terms - Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 6. Suffixes and Digestive System Terms - Medical Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdominal ultrasonography

A

sound waves beamed into the abdomen and product an image of abdominal viscera

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2
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth with small ulcers; canker sores

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3
Q

atresia

A

absence of a normal opening

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4
Q

bariatric surgery

A

reducing the size of the stomach and diverting food to the jejunum; also called gastric bypass

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5
Q

biliary atresia

A

congenital absence of the opening from the common bile duct into the small intestine (duodenum)

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6
Q

bronchospasm

A

sudden involuntary contraction of muscles in the walls of the bronchial tubes; occurs in asthma

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7
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheek

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8
Q

cecal volvulus

A

abnormal twisting of the cecum (first part of the colon)

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9
Q

celiac disease

A

an inherited autoimmune disorder in which the villi in the small intestine are damaged when an affected person eats foods containing gluten

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10
Q

cheilosis

A

abnormal condition of the lips

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11
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of a bile vessel (bile duct)

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12
Q

cholangiography

A

x-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts) using radiopaque contrast medium

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13
Q

cholangiopancreatography

A

x-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts) and the pancreas after administration of contrast material directly into bile and pancreatic ducts

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14
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal of the gallbladder

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15
Q

colecystojejunostomy

A

formation of a new opening between the gallbladder and the jejunum (second part of the intestine); an anastomosis

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16
Q

cholecystolithiasis

A

abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder

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17
Q

choledochal

A

pertaining to the common bile duct

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18
Q

cholelithiasis

A

abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

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19
Q

cholestatis

A

stoppage of bile flow

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20
Q

colectomy

A

surgical removal of the colon (large intestine)

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21
Q

colonoscopy

A

visual examination of the colon

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22
Q

computed tomography

A

series of x-ray pictures showing cross-sectional, axial, or transverse images of internal organs

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23
Q

dentalgia

A

pain in a tooth

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24
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum

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25
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstrual flow

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26
Q

dyspepsia

A

painful digestion; indigestion

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27
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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28
Q

endoscopic ultrasonography

A

(EUS) use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the organs of the gastrointestinal tract

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29
Q

esophageal atresia

A

congenital absence of the normal opening from the esophagus to the stomach

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30
Q

gastric bypass

A

reducing the size of the stomach diverting food into the jejunum (gastrojejunostomy); surgery to promote weight loss for extreme obesity (bariatric surgery)

31
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

32
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the stomach and intestines (GI tract) using an endoscope; esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy

33
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

new surgical connection (anastomosis) between the stomach and the jejunum (second part of the small intestine)

34
Q

gastrostomy

A

creating a new opening of the stomach to the outside of the body through an opening in the abdominal wall

35
Q

gingivectomy

A

removal of gum tissue

36
Q

glossectomy

A

removal of the tongue

37
Q

glycogen

A

a form of sugar stored in the liver

38
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

39
Q

hemolysis

A

breakdown or destruction of blood, specifically red blood cells

40
Q

hemoptysis

A

spitting or coughing up blood as a result of bleeding from any part of the respiratory tract

41
Q

hemorrhage

A

bursting forth or excessive flow of blood

42
Q

hemostasis

A

stopping or controlling the flow of blood

43
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

44
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

suturing up a hernia

45
Q

ileostomy

A

new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body

46
Q

labiodental

A

pertaining to the lips and teeth

47
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdomen; minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of the abdomen

48
Q

lipase

A

enzyme to digest fat

49
Q

liver biopsy

A

removal of liver tissue (percutaneous) followed microscopic examination

50
Q

liver function tests

A

tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood or serum (clear fluid that remains after blood has clotted); examples are ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase, and serum bilirubin tests

51
Q

lower gastrointestinal series

A

x-ray images of the colon and lower portion of the small intestine after injecting barium into the rectum; barium enema

52
Q

lymphangiectasia

A

widening or dilation of lymph vessels

53
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

A

(MRI) magnetic waves and radio waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body

54
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessive flow of blood during menstruation

55
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach; removal of postoperative secretions or to obtain gastric and intestinal contents for analysis

56
Q

oropharynx

A

central portion of the throat, just beyond the mouth

57
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the palate (roof of the mouth)

58
Q

pancreatic

A

pertaining to the pancreas

59
Q

paracentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen or periotoneal cavity; abdominocentesis

60
Q

periodontal membrane

A

membrane that surround the tooth in the tooth socket

61
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

62
Q

proctosigmoidoscopy

A

visual examination of the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon

63
Q

proptosis

A

forward protrusion of the eyeballs; exophthalmos

64
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowing of the pyloric sphincter

65
Q

pylorospasm

A

sudden involuntary contraction of muscles at the pyloric sphincter

66
Q

rectal carcinoma

A

cancer of the rectum

67
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

68
Q

sialadenectomy

A

removal of a salivary gland

69
Q

splenic flexure

A

downward bend of the colon on the left side of the body toward the descending colon

70
Q

steatorrhea

A

discharge of fat in feces; malabsorption of fat results from intestinal disease

71
Q

stool culture

A

test for microorganisms, such as bacteria, in feces

72
Q

stool guaiac

A

test for detection of occult (hidden) blood in feces

73
Q

sublingual

A

pertaining to under the tongue

Medical Terms (14 decks)

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