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Medical Terms > Chapter 12. Respiratory System - Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 12. Respiratory System - Medical Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adenoidectomy

A

removal of the adenoids

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2
Q

adenoid hypertrophy

A

increased development of the adenoids

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3
Q

adenoids

A

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

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4
Q

alveolar

A

pertaining to an alveolus

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5
Q

alveolus, alveoli

A

an individualized section of an air sac in the lung

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6
Q

anosmia

A

loss of the sense of smell

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7
Q

apex of the lung

A

uppermost portion of the lung

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8
Q

apical

A

pertaining to the tip of an organ

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9
Q

apnea

A

stoppage of breathing

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10
Q

asphyxia

A

deficient oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

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11
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

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12
Q

base of the lung

A

the lower portion of the lung

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13
Q

bronchiectasis

A

abnormal widening of bronchial tubes

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14
Q

bronchioles

A

small bronchial tubes

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15
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of a bronchiole

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16
Q

bronchodilator

A

an agent that opens bronchial tubes

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17
Q

bronchospasm

A

involuntary muscular contractions in bronchial tubes leading to narrowing of the bronchi

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18
Q

bronchus, bronchi

A

branch of the trachea that leads toward the air sacs of the lung

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19
Q

carbon dioxide

A

gas produced in tissue cells when oxygen and food combine

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20
Q

cilia

A

thin hairs that line the nasal passageways and tubes of the respiratory tract

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21
Q

cyanosis

A

abnormal condition of bluish coloration of the skin

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22
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle that separates the chest and abdomen; aids breathing

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23
Q

dysphonia

A

abnormal voice or sound produced by speaking

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24
Q

dyspnea

A

abnormal breathing

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25
Q

emphyema

A

pus in the pleural space (cavity) surrounding the lungs

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26
Q

epiglottis

A

thin piece of cartilage that covers the entrance to the voice box and windpipe when a person is swallowing

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27
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

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28
Q

expectoration

A

coughing up of mucus or sputum from the throat and respiratory tract

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29
Q

expiration

A

process of breathing out; exhalation

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30
Q

glottis

A

slit-like opening between the vocal folds of the larynx

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31
Q

hemoptysis

A

spitting up blood from the respiratory tract

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32
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the chest (pleural cavity) surrounding the lungs

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33
Q

hilum of the lung

A

midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs

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34
Q

hilar

A

pertaining to the hilum

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35
Q

hypercapnia

A

increased levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

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36
Q

hyperpnea

A

increase in breathing rate

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37
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen in tissues

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38
Q

inspiration

A

act of breathing in or inhalation

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39
Q

laryngeal

A

pertaining to the larynx or voice box

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40
Q

laryngospasm

A

involuntary contraction of muscles surrounding the voice box

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41
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx or voice box

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42
Q

larynx

A

voice box, located at the upper region of the trachea

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43
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of a lobe or section of an organ, such as the lung

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44
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

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45
Q

mediastinum

A

region between the lungs in the chest cavity

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46
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach

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47
Q

orthopnea

A

breathing is only comfortable when a patient is in an upright position

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48
Q

oxygen

A

gas inhaled and entering the bloodstream through the lungs

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49
Q

palatine tonsil

A

one of a pair of collections of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx at the back of the mouth near the soft palate

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50
Q

paranasal sinus

A

one of a pair of air cavities in the bones near the nose

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51
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer of the pleura lying closest to the chest wall

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52
Q

pharyngeal

A

pertaining to the throat or pharynx

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53
Q

phrenic nerve

A

carries impulses to the diaphragm from the brain

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54
Q

pleura

A

double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

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55
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the pleura surrounding each lung

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56
Q

pleurodynia

A

pain in the chest wall muscles that is aggravated by breathing

57
Q

pneumonectomy

A

removal of a lung

58
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity between the pleura and surrounding the lungs

59
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lungs

60
Q

pulmonary parenchyma

A

essential parts of the lungs responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli

61
Q

pyothorax

A

pus collection in the pleural cavity

62
Q

respiration

A

exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the lung capillaries (external respiration) and at the tissue capillaries (internal respiration)

63
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

64
Q

rhinorrhea

A

discharge of mucus from the nose

65
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of paranasal sinuses

66
Q

spirometer

A

an instrument to measure breathing

67
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

68
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

69
Q

thoracoscopy

A

endoscopic visualization of the chest

70
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision of the chest

71
Q

tonsillectomy

A

removal of tonsils

72
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

73
Q

tracheal stenosis

A

narrowing of the trachea

74
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision of the trachea

75
Q

visceral pleura

A

innermost membrane of the pleura, lying closest to the lung tissue itself

76
Q

anthracosis

A

abnormal condition of cola dust in the lungs; black lung disease

77
Q

asbestosis

A

abnormal condition of asbestos fiber particles in the lungs

78
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflammation disorder, characterized by airway obstruction and caused by bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production

79
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung

80
Q

ascultation

A

listening for sounds in the chest and abdomen using a stethoscope

81
Q

bacilli

A

rod-shaped bacteria that are the cause of tuberculosis

82
Q

bronchioalveolar lavage

A

irrigation or washing of a brochus by injecting fluid through a bronchoscope and then reviewing it to analyze the contents

83
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilate of bronchial tubes caused by infection of the lower lobes of the lungs

84
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchial tubes using an endoscope or bronchoscope

85
Q

chest tomograms

A

series of x-ray images that show an organ in depth

86
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

lung and bronchial tube conditions that block and damage airways and persist over a long period of time; examples are chronic bronchitis and emphysema

87
Q

computed tomography

A

computer generated x-ray images showing thoracic structures in cross-section

88
Q

cor pulmonale

A

enlargement of the right side of the heart due to lung disease

89
Q

croup

A

acute viral infection in children and infants marked by obstruction of the larynx and barking cough

90
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in mucous secretions that do not drain normally

91
Q

diptheria

A

acute infection of the throat caused by diptheria bacteria; characterized by formation of a thick membrane that destructs the throat and breathing

92
Q

emphysema

A

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

93
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

tube is placed through the mouth and throat into the trachea to establish an airway

94
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

95
Q

exudate

A

fluid cells or other substances that slowly leave cells or capillaries through pores or breaks in cell membranes

96
Q

hydrothorax

A

water or fluid that accumulates in the pleural space surrounding the lungs

97
Q

infiltrate

A

fluid-filled area within the lungs as seen on a chest x-ray or CT scan

98
Q

laryngoscopy

A

endoscopic visual examination of the larynx

99
Q

lung biopsy

A

surgical removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination of cells

100
Q

lung cancer

A

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchial tubes

101
Q

magnetic resonance imaging of the chest

A

magnetic waves create images of the chest in all three planes of the body

102
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

103
Q

mesothelioma

A

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura and associated with asbestos exposure

104
Q

obstructive lung disease

A

narrowed airways result in resistance to airflow during breathing; examples are asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD, and cyctic fibrosis

105
Q

pallitive

A

relieving, but not curing an illness

106
Q

paroxysmal

A

pertaining to sudden occurrence

107
Q

percussion

A

tapping on the surface to determine the underlying structure

108
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough; bacterial infection of the throat, larynx, and trachea

109
Q

pleural effusion

A

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

110
Q

pleural rub

A

scratch sound produced by inflamed or irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

111
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis

112
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

113
Q

pneumonia

A

acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli, which fill with pus, and produces inflammation

114
Q

pneumothorax

A

presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity causing the lung to collapse

115
Q

positron emission tomography

A

radioactive substance is injected into a patient and the images reveal the metabolic activity in the lung for diagnosis of malignant tumors

116
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

collection of pus in the lungs

117
Q

pulmonary edema

A

collection of fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles of the lung

118
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lung

119
Q

pulmonary function tests

A

tests that measure the ventilation (breathing) mechanics of the lung

120
Q

pulmonary infarction

A

lung tissue that is damaged or dies as a result of blood vessel occlusion and tissue ischemia

121
Q

purulent

A

pus-filled

122
Q

rales

A

abnormal, fine, crackling sound heard on auscultation when there is fluid in the alveoli

123
Q

restrictive lung disease

A

a condition in which lung expansion is limited by diseases that affect the chest wall pleural or lung tissue itself

124
Q

rhonchi

A

loud, rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi that are obstructed by sputum

125
Q

sarcoidosis

A

chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

126
Q

silicosis

A

silica glass dust collects in the lungs; a type on pneumonia

127
Q

sputum

A

material expelled from the chest by coughing or by clearing the throat; phlegm

128
Q

sputum culture

A

sputum is collected and placed on a growth medium to analyze the type of microorganisms that may be prevented

129
Q

stridor

A

strained, high-pitched noisy breathing associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea

130
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

131
Q

thorascopy

A

visual examination of the chest using small incisions and an endoscope

132
Q

thoracotomy

A

large surgical incision of the chest

133
Q

tracheostomy

A

new opening of the trachea to the outside of the body

134
Q

tuberculin test

A

determines past or present exposure to tuberculosis based on a positive skin test

135
Q

tuberculosis

A

infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs are usually involved but other organs may be affected

136
Q

tube thoracostomy

A

chest tube is passed through an opening in the skin of the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion

137
Q

ventilation-perfusion scan

A

a detection device records radioactivity after an injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas

138
Q

wheeze

A

continuous high-pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration

Medical Terms (14 decks)

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