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Medical Terms > Chapter 2. Body as a Whole - Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2. Body as a Whole - Medical Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdomen

A

area of the body between the chest and the pelvis region

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2
Q

abdominal cavity

A

area of the body between the chest and pelvis (hip region)

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3
Q

adipose

A

pertaining to fat

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4
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up or synthesizing substances (such as proteins) in a cell

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5
Q

anterior

A

pertaining to the front of a structure

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6
Q

cartilage

A

elastic, connective tissue found at joints, within the trachea and larynx, and connected to ribs, nose, and ear

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7
Q

catabolism

A

cellular process of breaking down of a complex substance into simple compounds, energy is released to do the work of the cell

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8
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to tail, or to the lower portion of the body; also means away from the head or below another structure

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9
Q

cell membrane

A

thin and delicate structure surrounding a cell, allows materials to pass in and out

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10
Q

cephalic

A

pertaining to the head, also means above another structure

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11
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck of the body or lower neck-line portion of the uterus

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12
Q

chondroma

A

tumor (benign) of cartilage

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13
Q

chrondrosarcoma

A

malignant, cancerous tumor of cartilage

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14
Q

chromosome

A

threadlike structure within the nucleus of a cell, contains genetic material (DNA)

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15
Q

coccygeal

A

pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx

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16
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone at the end of the spinal or vertebral column

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17
Q

cranial cavity

A

pertaining to the space within the skull containing the brain and pituitary gland

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18
Q

craniotomy

A

incision of the skull

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19
Q

cytoplasm

A

all of the substance of a cell other than the nucleus

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20
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the body or an organ

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21
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular wall separating the chest and the abdomen

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22
Q

disk (disc)

A

circular platelike structure composed of cartilage

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23
Q

distal

A

pertaining to far from the beginning of a structure

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24
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back, or posterior portion of the body

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25
Q

epigastric region

A

the upper middle region of the abdomen, between the right and left hypochondriac regions

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26
Q

epithelial cells

A

cells arranged in layers and covering or lining a surface of the body

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27
Q

frontal plane

A

a vertical plane passing through the body and dividing it into the front and back portions, coronal plane

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28
Q

genes

A

segments of DNA that determine hereditary characteristics

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29
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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30
Q

hypochondriac region

A

an upper abdominal area on either side of the epigastric (middle) region beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs

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31
Q

hypogastric

A

lower middle region of the abdomen

32
Q

iliac

A

pertaining to the ilium, which is the right or left upper most portion of the hipbone

33
Q

inguinal region

A

lowermost region of the abdomen on either side of the hypogastric region

34
Q

intervertebral

A

pertaining to between the vertebrae (backbones)

35
Q

karyotype

A

classification of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell determined by a photograph taken during cell division

36
Q

larynx

A

the voice box

37
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the sides

38
Q

lumbar region

A

one of two middle lateral regions on either side of the umbilical region (near the naval)

39
Q

lumbosacral

A

pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back

40
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle or midline of the body

41
Q

mediastinum

A

part of the thoracic (chest) cavity between the lungs

42
Q

metabolism

A

chemical processes that occur in cells; including catabolism (breaking down process) and anabolism (building up process)

43
Q

mitochondria

A

rod-like, threadlike or granular structures in a cell; site of catabolism and release of energy

44
Q

nucleic

A

pertaining to the nucleus

45
Q

nucleus

A

central, controlling structure in a cell; contains chromosomes with DNA (genetic material)

46
Q

pelvic cavity

A

pertaining to the space surrounded by the bone of the hip region

47
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen

48
Q

pharynx

A

the throat

49
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain; secretes many hormones that control growth and organs including the thyroid, adrenal and sex glands

50
Q

pleura

A

a delicate membrane surrounding each lung and divided into two layers

51
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the layers of the pleura in the chest

52
Q

posterior

A

pertaining to the back or dorsal side of the body or structure

53
Q

prone

A

lying in a horizontal position with face downward

54
Q

proximal

A

pertaining to a location near the point of attachment or beginning of an organ

55
Q

sacral

A

pertaining to the sacrum

56
Q

sacrum

A

large, triangular bone at the dorsal part of the pelvis, wedged between the two ilia or hipbones

57
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into a right and left portion

58
Q

sarcoma

A

tumor of flesh tissue such as bone, fat, muscle or cartilage

59
Q

spinal cavity

A

series of backbones (vertebrae) located on the posterior side of the body

60
Q

spinal cord

A

the nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

61
Q

superficial

A

pertaining to or the surface of the body

62
Q

supine

A

lying horizontally on the back with face upward

63
Q

thoracic cavity

A

the space in the chest surrounded by the ribs, spinal column, breastbone, diaphragm, and chest wall muscles

64
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision of the chest

65
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland in the neck; secretes the hormone thyroxine

66
Q

trachea

A

windpipe; tube leading from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchial tubes

67
Q

tracheal

A

pertaining to the trachea

68
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

69
Q

umbilical region

A

region in the area of the navel or umbilicus

70
Q

ureter

A

one of two tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

71
Q

uterus

A

muscular organ in a female that nourishes the developing embryo during pregnancy; womb

72
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the front or anterior of the body

73
Q

vertebra

A

backbone

74
Q

vertebrae

A

two or more backbones

75
Q

vertebral

A

pertaining to backbones

76
Q

viscera

A

internal organs

77
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to internal organs

Medical Terms (14 decks)

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