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Medical terminology > Chapter 8 - Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What does adnexa uteri mean?

A

Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments.

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2
Q

What is the amnion?

A

Innermost membranous sac surrounding developing fetus.

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3
Q

What is an areola?

A

Dark-pigmented areas surrounding the breast nipple.

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4
Q

What are Bartholin glands?

A

Small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at vaginal orifice.

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5
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Lower-neck like portion of the uterus.

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6
Q

What is the chorion?

A

Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding embryo; forms fetal placenta.

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7
Q

What is the clitoris?

A

Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to opening of the urethra.

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8
Q

What does coitus mean?

A

Sexual intercourse.

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9
Q

What is corpus luteum?

A

Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of egg cell.

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10
Q

What is the cul-de-sac?

A

Region in lower abdomen, midway between rectum and uterus.

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11
Q

Vocab meaning; embryo

A

Stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks.

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12
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Inner mucous membrane lining of the uterus.

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13
Q

What is estrogen?

A

Hormone produced by ovaries; promotes secondary sex characteristics.

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14
Q

What is the Fallopian tube? Aka?

A

1 of a pair of ducts through which ovum travels to uterus.

Aka: oviduct

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15
Q

What is fertilization?

A

Union of sperm and ovum from which embryo develops.

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16
Q

What is a fetus?

A

Stage in prenatal development from 8-39 or 40 weeks.

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17
Q

What is fimbriae?

A

Plural.

Finger-like projections at end of Fallopian tubes.

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18
Q

What is FSH?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone.

Secreted by pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of egg cell (ovum).

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19
Q

What is a gamete?

A

Male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum.

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20
Q

What is genitalia?

A

Reproductive organs.

Aka genitals.

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21
Q

What is gestation?

A

Period from fertilization of ovum to birth.

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22
Q

What is a gonad?

A

Female or male reproductive organ, produces sex cells + hormones;

Ovary or testis.

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23
Q

What is gynecology?

A

Study of female reproductive organs including breasts.

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24
Q

What does hCG mean? What is it?

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin.

Hormone produced by placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone.

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25
Q

What is the hymen?

A

Mucous membrane partially or completely covering opening of vagina.

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26
Q

What is the labia?

A

Lips of vagina.

Majora: larger, outermost

Minora: smaller, innermost.

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27
Q

What are lactiferous ducts?

A

Tubes that carry milk within the breast.

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28
Q

What is LH?

A

Luteinizing hormone.

Secreted by pituitary gland to promote ovulation.

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29
Q

What is mammary papilla?

A

Nipple of breast.

Papilla = small nipple like projection

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30
Q

What is menarche?

A

Beginning of first menstrual period, + ability to reproduce.

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31
Q

What is menopause?

A

Gradual ending of menstruation.

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32
Q

What is menstruation?

A

Monthly shedding of uterine lining:

Menses = flow of blood and tissue

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33
Q

What is the myometrium?

A

Muscle layer of uterus.

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34
Q

What is neonatology?

A

Branch of medicine, studies disorders and care of newborn (neonate).

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35
Q

What is obstetrics?

A

Branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth.

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36
Q

What is an orifice?

A

An opening.

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37
Q

What is an ovarian follicle?

A

Developing save enclosing each ovum within ovary.

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38
Q

What is an ovary?

A

One of a pair of female gonads on each side of pelvis.

Produces egg cells and hormones.

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39
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Release of ovum from ovary.

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40
Q

What is an ovum?

A

Plural: ova.

Mature egg cell (gamete). Ova develops from immature egg cells called oocytes.

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41
Q

What is parturition?

A

Act of giving birth.

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42
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Are between anus and vagina in females.

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43
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

Endocrine gland at base of brain.

Produces hormones that stimulate ovaries, regulates other endocrine glands.

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44
Q

What is the placenta?

A

Vascular organ attached to uterine wall during pregnancy.

Permits exchange of O2, nutrients + fetal waste between mother and fetus.

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45
Q

What is pregnancy?

A

Condition of having a developing embryo + fetus in uterus for 40 weeks.

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46
Q

What is progesterone?

A

Hormone produced by corpus luteum in ovary + placenta of pregnancy woman.

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47
Q

What is puberty?

A

Point in life when secondary sex characteristics devils and gametes are produced.

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48
Q

What is the uterine serosa?

A

Outermost layer surrounding uterus.

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49
Q

What is the uterus? What happens here? What are the three parts called?

A

Pear shaped, hollow, where embryo and fetus develop.

Menstruation occurs.

Upper = fundus
Middle = corpus
Lower = cervix
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50
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Muscular, mucosa lined canal from uterus to exterior.

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51
Q

What is the vulva?

A

External female genitalia.

Includes: labia, hymen, clitoris, vaginal orifice.

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52
Q

What is a zygote?

A

Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation up to 2 weeks.

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53
Q

Combining form meaning; amni/o

A

Amnion.

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54
Q

Combining form meaning; bartholin/o

A

Bartholin gland.

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55
Q

Combining form meaning; cervic/o

A

Cervix, neck.

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56
Q

Combining form meaning; chorion/o

A

Chorion.

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57
Q

Combining form meaning; chori/o

A

Chorion.

58
Q

Combining form meaning; colp/o

A

Vagina.

59
Q

Combining form meaning; culd/o

A

Cul-de-sac.

60
Q

Combining form meaning; episi/o

A

Vulva.

61
Q

Combining form meaning; galact/o

A

Milk.

62
Q

Combining form meaning; mamm/o

A

Breast.

63
Q

Combining form meaning; mast/o

A

Breast.

64
Q

Combining form meaning; men/o

A

Menses, menstruation.

65
Q

Combining form meaning; metr/o

A

Uterus.

66
Q

Combining form meaning; metri/o

A

Uterus.

67
Q

Combining form meaning; my/o

A

Muscle, muscle tumour.

68
Q

Combining form meaning; myom/o

A

Muscle, muscle tumour.

69
Q

Combining form meaning; nat/i

A

Birth.

70
Q

Combining form meaning; obstetr/o

A

Pregnancy and childbirth.

71
Q

Combining form meaning; o/o

A

Egg.

72
Q

Combining form meaning; oophor/o

A

Ovary.

73
Q

Combining form meaning; ov/o

A

Egg.

74
Q

Combining form meaning; ovari/o

A

Ovary.

75
Q

Combining form meaning; ovul/o

A

Egg.

76
Q

Combining form meaning; perine/o

A

Perineum.

77
Q

Combining form meaning; phor/o

A

To bear.

78
Q

Combining form meaning; salping/o

A

Fallopian tubes.

79
Q

Combining form meaning; uter/o

A

Uterus.

80
Q

Combining form meaning; vagin/o

A

Vagina.

81
Q

Combining form meaning; vulv/o

A

Vulva.

82
Q

Suffix meaning; -arche

A

Beginning.

83
Q

Suffix meaning; -cyesis

A

Pregnancy.

84
Q

Suffix meaning; -gravida

A

Pregnant.

85
Q

Suffix meaning; -parous

A

Bearing, bringing forth.

86
Q

Suffix meaning; -rrhea

A

Discharge.

87
Q

Suffix meaning; -salpinx

A

Fallopian (uterine) tube.

88
Q

Suffix meaning; -tocia

A

Labour, birth.

89
Q

Suffix meaning; -version

A

Act of turning.

90
Q

Prefix meaning; dys-

A

Painful.

91
Q

Prefix meaning; endo-

A

Within.

92
Q

Prefix meaning; in-

A

In.

93
Q

Prefix meaning; intra-

A

Within.

94
Q

Prefix meaning; multi-

A

Many.

95
Q

Prefix meaning; nulli-

A

No, not, none.

96
Q

Prefix meaning; pre-

A

Before.

97
Q

Prefix meaning; primi-

A

First.

98
Q

Prefix meaning; retro-

A

Backward.

99
Q

What is a carcinoma of the uterus?

A

Malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer).

-HPV can cause + risk for cervical cancer

100
Q

What is cervitis?

A

Inflammation of cervix.

101
Q

What is a carcinoma of the endometrium?

A

Endometrial cancer.

Malignant tumour of the uterine lining.

Most common sign: post menopausal bleeding.

102
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Endometrial tissue is located outside of the uterus.

-May be found in ovaries, f. Tubes, ligaments, small intestine.

103
Q

What are fibroids?

A

Benign rumours of the uterus.

  • fibrous tissue and muscle
104
Q

What is ovarian carcinoma?

A

Malignant tumour of ovary.

  • serous: cleat fluid
  • mucinous: thick, pasty
105
Q

What are ovarian cysts?

A

Collection of fluid within sacs (cysts) in ovary.

Benign or malignant.

106
Q

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

Inflammation + infection of organs in pelvic region; salpingitis, oophritis, endometritis, endocervitis.

107
Q

What is carcinoma of the breast?

A

Breast cancer.

Malignant tumour of the breast (arising from milk glands)

108
Q

What is fibrocystic breast disease?

A

Numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in breast.

Benign, lumpy.

109
Q

What is abruptio placentae?

A

Premature separation of normally implanted placenta.

  • occurs bc trauma, vascular insufficiency resulting from hypertension
110
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Implantation of fertilized egg in any site other than normal uterine location.

Most occur in F.tubes

111
Q

What are multiple gestations?

A

More than one fetus in uterus.

Ie) twins

112
Q

What is placenta previa?

A

Implantation of placenta over cervical opening or in lower region of uterus.

113
Q

What is preeclampsia?

A

Abnormal condition associated w/ pregnancy, marked by high BP, proteinuria, edema, headaches

114
Q

What is the apgar score?

A

Scoring infants physical condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.

  • heart rate, respiration, colour, muscle tone, response to stimuli (0, 1, 2)
  • <7 needs help
115
Q

What is Down syndrome?

A

Chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21)

  • mental retardation, retarded growth, flat face, short nose, low set ears, slanted eyes
116
Q

What is erythroblastosis fetalis?

A

Hemolytic disease in newborn (HDN) caused by blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between mother and fetus.

117
Q

What is hyaline membrane disease?

A

Acute lung disease, common in premature newborns.

118
Q

What is hydrocephalis?

A

Accumulation of fluid in spaces of the brain.

  • bead enlarge, bc bones in skull do not completely fuse together at birth
119
Q

What is meconium aspiration syndrome?

A

Abnormal inhalation of meconium produced by a fetus or newborn.

  • meconium: thick, tar-like, first stool
120
Q

What is pyloric stenosis?

A

Narrowing of opening of stomach to the duodenum.

  • freq. associated with Down syndrome, present at birth, surgical repair
121
Q

What is a Pap test?

A

Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from vagina + cervix

  • can detect cervical or vaginal cellular abnormalities
122
Q

What is a pregnancy test?

A

Blood or urine test to detect presence of hCG.

123
Q

What is hysterosalpingography? (HSG)

A

X-ray image of uterus + f.tubes after injection of contrast.

  • evaluates tubal openness
124
Q

What is a mammography?

A

X-ray imaging of breast.

125
Q

What is breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI?

A

Technologies using sound waves and magnetic field to create images of breast tissue.

  • confirm presence of mass + distinguish cystic from solid
126
Q

What is pelvic ultrasonography?

A

Recording images of sound waves as they bounce off of organs in pelvic region.

127
Q

What is aspiration?

A

Withdrawal of fluid from cavity/sac w/ an instrument using suction.

128
Q

What is cauterization?

A

Destruction of tissue by burning (chemical or electrically heated instrument).

129
Q

What is a colposcopy?

A

Visual examination of vagina + cervix using colposcope.

130
Q

What is conization?

A

Removal of cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of cervix.

131
Q

What is cryosurgery?

A

Use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue.

-liquid nitrogen produce freezing temp.

Aka: cryocauterization

132
Q

What is culdocentesis?

A

Needle aspiration of fluid from cul-de-sac

133
Q

What is dilation and curettage? (D&C).

A

Widening of the cervix and scraping of the endometrial lining of uterus.

134
Q

What is exenteration?

A

Removal of internal organs within a cavity.

-pelvic exenteration: removal of organs + adjacent structures of pelvis.

135
Q

What is a laparoscopy?

A

Visual examination of abdominal cavity using an endoscope.

136
Q

What is tubal ligation?

A

Blocking of Fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring.

  • sterilization procedure (incapable of reproduction)
137
Q

What is abortion?

A

Termination of pregnancy before embryo/fetus can exist on own.

Spontaneous - miscarriages
Induced - therapeutic or elective

138
Q

What is amniocentesis?

A

Needle puncture to amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis.

  • cells of fetus (in fluid) are cultured (grown) and studies are performed
139
Q

What is a cesarean section?

A

Surgical incision of abdominal wall + uterus to deliver a fetus.

140
Q

What is chorionic villus sampling (CVS)?

A

Sampling of placental tissue (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis.

  • removed w/ catheter in uterus
141
Q

What is fetal monitoring?

A

Continuous recording of fetal HR + maternal uterine contractions to assess fetal status + progress of labour.

142
Q

What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

A

Egg + sperm combined outside of body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization.

Medical terminology (15 decks)

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