Chapter 8 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What does adnexa uteri mean?
Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments.
What is the amnion?
Innermost membranous sac surrounding developing fetus.
What is an areola?
Dark-pigmented areas surrounding the breast nipple.
What are Bartholin glands?
Small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at vaginal orifice.
What is the cervix?
Lower-neck like portion of the uterus.
What is the chorion?
Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding embryo; forms fetal placenta.
What is the clitoris?
Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to opening of the urethra.
What does coitus mean?
Sexual intercourse.
What is corpus luteum?
Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of egg cell.
What is the cul-de-sac?
Region in lower abdomen, midway between rectum and uterus.
Vocab meaning; embryo
Stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks.
What is the endometrium?
Inner mucous membrane lining of the uterus.
What is estrogen?
Hormone produced by ovaries; promotes secondary sex characteristics.
What is the Fallopian tube? Aka?
1 of a pair of ducts through which ovum travels to uterus.
Aka: oviduct
What is fertilization?
Union of sperm and ovum from which embryo develops.
What is a fetus?
Stage in prenatal development from 8-39 or 40 weeks.
What is fimbriae?
Plural.
Finger-like projections at end of Fallopian tubes.
What is FSH?
Follicle stimulating hormone.
Secreted by pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of egg cell (ovum).
What is a gamete?
Male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum.
What is genitalia?
Reproductive organs.
Aka genitals.
What is gestation?
Period from fertilization of ovum to birth.
What is a gonad?
Female or male reproductive organ, produces sex cells + hormones;
Ovary or testis.
What is gynecology?
Study of female reproductive organs including breasts.
What does hCG mean? What is it?
Human chorionic gonadotropin.
Hormone produced by placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone.
What is the hymen?
Mucous membrane partially or completely covering opening of vagina.
What is the labia?
Lips of vagina.
Majora: larger, outermost
Minora: smaller, innermost.
What are lactiferous ducts?
Tubes that carry milk within the breast.
What is LH?
Luteinizing hormone.
Secreted by pituitary gland to promote ovulation.
What is mammary papilla?
Nipple of breast.
Papilla = small nipple like projection
What is menarche?
Beginning of first menstrual period, + ability to reproduce.
What is menopause?
Gradual ending of menstruation.
What is menstruation?
Monthly shedding of uterine lining:
Menses = flow of blood and tissue
What is the myometrium?
Muscle layer of uterus.
What is neonatology?
Branch of medicine, studies disorders and care of newborn (neonate).
What is obstetrics?
Branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth.
What is an orifice?
An opening.
What is an ovarian follicle?
Developing save enclosing each ovum within ovary.
What is an ovary?
One of a pair of female gonads on each side of pelvis.
Produces egg cells and hormones.
What is ovulation?
Release of ovum from ovary.
What is an ovum?
Plural: ova.
Mature egg cell (gamete). Ova develops from immature egg cells called oocytes.
What is parturition?
Act of giving birth.
What is the perineum?
Are between anus and vagina in females.
What is the pituitary gland?
Endocrine gland at base of brain.
Produces hormones that stimulate ovaries, regulates other endocrine glands.
What is the placenta?
Vascular organ attached to uterine wall during pregnancy.
Permits exchange of O2, nutrients + fetal waste between mother and fetus.
What is pregnancy?
Condition of having a developing embryo + fetus in uterus for 40 weeks.
What is progesterone?
Hormone produced by corpus luteum in ovary + placenta of pregnancy woman.
What is puberty?
Point in life when secondary sex characteristics devils and gametes are produced.
What is the uterine serosa?
Outermost layer surrounding uterus.
What is the uterus? What happens here? What are the three parts called?
Pear shaped, hollow, where embryo and fetus develop.
Menstruation occurs.
Upper = fundus Middle = corpus Lower = cervix
What is the vagina?
Muscular, mucosa lined canal from uterus to exterior.
What is the vulva?
External female genitalia.
Includes: labia, hymen, clitoris, vaginal orifice.
What is a zygote?
Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation up to 2 weeks.
Combining form meaning; amni/o
Amnion.
Combining form meaning; bartholin/o
Bartholin gland.
Combining form meaning; cervic/o
Cervix, neck.
Combining form meaning; chorion/o
Chorion.
Combining form meaning; chori/o
Chorion.
Combining form meaning; colp/o
Vagina.
Combining form meaning; culd/o
Cul-de-sac.
Combining form meaning; episi/o
Vulva.
Combining form meaning; galact/o
Milk.
Combining form meaning; mamm/o
Breast.
Combining form meaning; mast/o
Breast.
Combining form meaning; men/o
Menses, menstruation.
Combining form meaning; metr/o
Uterus.
Combining form meaning; metri/o
Uterus.
Combining form meaning; my/o
Muscle, muscle tumour.
Combining form meaning; myom/o
Muscle, muscle tumour.
Combining form meaning; nat/i
Birth.
Combining form meaning; obstetr/o
Pregnancy and childbirth.
Combining form meaning; o/o
Egg.
Combining form meaning; oophor/o
Ovary.
Combining form meaning; ov/o
Egg.
Combining form meaning; ovari/o
Ovary.
Combining form meaning; ovul/o
Egg.
Combining form meaning; perine/o
Perineum.
Combining form meaning; phor/o
To bear.
Combining form meaning; salping/o
Fallopian tubes.
Combining form meaning; uter/o
Uterus.
Combining form meaning; vagin/o
Vagina.
Combining form meaning; vulv/o
Vulva.
Suffix meaning; -arche
Beginning.
Suffix meaning; -cyesis
Pregnancy.
Suffix meaning; -gravida
Pregnant.
Suffix meaning; -parous
Bearing, bringing forth.
Suffix meaning; -rrhea
Discharge.
Suffix meaning; -salpinx
Fallopian (uterine) tube.
Suffix meaning; -tocia
Labour, birth.
Suffix meaning; -version
Act of turning.
Prefix meaning; dys-
Painful.
Prefix meaning; endo-
Within.
Prefix meaning; in-
In.
Prefix meaning; intra-
Within.
Prefix meaning; multi-
Many.
Prefix meaning; nulli-
No, not, none.
Prefix meaning; pre-
Before.
Prefix meaning; primi-
First.
Prefix meaning; retro-
Backward.
What is a carcinoma of the uterus?
Malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer).
-HPV can cause + risk for cervical cancer
What is cervitis?
Inflammation of cervix.
What is a carcinoma of the endometrium?
Endometrial cancer.
Malignant tumour of the uterine lining.
Most common sign: post menopausal bleeding.
What is endometriosis?
Endometrial tissue is located outside of the uterus.
-May be found in ovaries, f. Tubes, ligaments, small intestine.
What are fibroids?
Benign rumours of the uterus.
- fibrous tissue and muscle
What is ovarian carcinoma?
Malignant tumour of ovary.
- serous: cleat fluid
- mucinous: thick, pasty
What are ovarian cysts?
Collection of fluid within sacs (cysts) in ovary.
Benign or malignant.
What is pelvic inflammatory disease?
Inflammation + infection of organs in pelvic region; salpingitis, oophritis, endometritis, endocervitis.
What is carcinoma of the breast?
Breast cancer.
Malignant tumour of the breast (arising from milk glands)
What is fibrocystic breast disease?
Numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in breast.
Benign, lumpy.
What is abruptio placentae?
Premature separation of normally implanted placenta.
- occurs bc trauma, vascular insufficiency resulting from hypertension
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
Implantation of fertilized egg in any site other than normal uterine location.
Most occur in F.tubes
What are multiple gestations?
More than one fetus in uterus.
Ie) twins
What is placenta previa?
Implantation of placenta over cervical opening or in lower region of uterus.
What is preeclampsia?
Abnormal condition associated w/ pregnancy, marked by high BP, proteinuria, edema, headaches
What is the apgar score?
Scoring infants physical condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.
- heart rate, respiration, colour, muscle tone, response to stimuli (0, 1, 2)
- <7 needs help
What is Down syndrome?
Chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21)
- mental retardation, retarded growth, flat face, short nose, low set ears, slanted eyes
What is erythroblastosis fetalis?
Hemolytic disease in newborn (HDN) caused by blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between mother and fetus.
What is hyaline membrane disease?
Acute lung disease, common in premature newborns.
What is hydrocephalis?
Accumulation of fluid in spaces of the brain.
- bead enlarge, bc bones in skull do not completely fuse together at birth
What is meconium aspiration syndrome?
Abnormal inhalation of meconium produced by a fetus or newborn.
- meconium: thick, tar-like, first stool
What is pyloric stenosis?
Narrowing of opening of stomach to the duodenum.
- freq. associated with Down syndrome, present at birth, surgical repair
What is a Pap test?
Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from vagina + cervix
- can detect cervical or vaginal cellular abnormalities
What is a pregnancy test?
Blood or urine test to detect presence of hCG.
What is hysterosalpingography? (HSG)
X-ray image of uterus + f.tubes after injection of contrast.
- evaluates tubal openness
What is a mammography?
X-ray imaging of breast.
What is breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI?
Technologies using sound waves and magnetic field to create images of breast tissue.
- confirm presence of mass + distinguish cystic from solid
What is pelvic ultrasonography?
Recording images of sound waves as they bounce off of organs in pelvic region.
What is aspiration?
Withdrawal of fluid from cavity/sac w/ an instrument using suction.
What is cauterization?
Destruction of tissue by burning (chemical or electrically heated instrument).
What is a colposcopy?
Visual examination of vagina + cervix using colposcope.
What is conization?
Removal of cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of cervix.
What is cryosurgery?
Use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue.
-liquid nitrogen produce freezing temp.
Aka: cryocauterization
What is culdocentesis?
Needle aspiration of fluid from cul-de-sac
What is dilation and curettage? (D&C).
Widening of the cervix and scraping of the endometrial lining of uterus.
What is exenteration?
Removal of internal organs within a cavity.
-pelvic exenteration: removal of organs + adjacent structures of pelvis.
What is a laparoscopy?
Visual examination of abdominal cavity using an endoscope.
What is tubal ligation?
Blocking of Fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring.
- sterilization procedure (incapable of reproduction)
What is abortion?
Termination of pregnancy before embryo/fetus can exist on own.
Spontaneous - miscarriages
Induced - therapeutic or elective
What is amniocentesis?
Needle puncture to amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis.
- cells of fetus (in fluid) are cultured (grown) and studies are performed
What is a cesarean section?
Surgical incision of abdominal wall + uterus to deliver a fetus.
What is chorionic villus sampling (CVS)?
Sampling of placental tissue (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis.
- removed w/ catheter in uterus
What is fetal monitoring?
Continuous recording of fetal HR + maternal uterine contractions to assess fetal status + progress of labour.
What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)?
Egg + sperm combined outside of body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization.
