Chapter 15 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Combining form meaning; calc/o, calci/o
Calcium.
Combining form meaning; kyph/o
Humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region).
Ie) kyphosis
Combining form meaning; lamin/o
Lamina (part of the vertebral arch).
Combining form meaning; lord/o
Curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region).
Ie) lordosis
Combining form meaning; lumb/o
Loins, lower back.
Combining form meaning; myel/o
Bone marrow.
Ie) myelopoiesis - formation of bone marrow.
Combining form meaning; orth/o
Straight.
Orthopedics -Pertaining to straightening bones, muscles, joints.
Combining form meaning; oste/o
Bone.
Combining form meaning; scoli/o
Crooked, bent (lateral curvature).
Ie) scoliosis - abnormal curvature of spinal column to side
Combining form meaning; spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the structure)
Vertebra.
Ie) spondylosis - degeneration of intervertebral disks in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions.
Combining form meaning; vertebr/o (used to describe the structure itself)
Vertebra.
Ie) vertebroplasty - surgical repair of vertebra
Suffix meaning; -blast
Embryonic, or immature cell.
Suffix meaning; -clast
To break.
Suffix meaning; -listhesis
Slipping.
Ie) spondylolisthesis - the forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over a lower vertebra.
Suffix meaning; -malacia
Softening.
Ie) osteomalacia - softening of bone. A condition in which vitamin D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones.
Suffix meaning; -physis
To grow.
Suffix meaning; -porosis
Pore, passage.
Ie) osteoporosis - loss of bony tissue w/ decreased mass of bone.
Suffix meaning; -tome
Instrument to cut.
Ie) osteotome - surgical chisel designed to cut bone.
Combining form meaning; acetabul/o
Acetabulum (hip socket)
Combining form meaning; calcane/o
Calcaneus (heel)
Combining form meaning; carp/o
Carpals (wrist bones)
Combining form meaning; clavicul/o
Clavicle (collar bone)
Combining form meaning; cost/o
Ribs (true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs).
Combining form meaning; crani/o
Cranium (skull)
Combining form meaning; femor/o
Femur (thigh bone)
Combining form meaning; fibul/o
Fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
Combining form meaning; humer/o
Humerus (upper arm bone)
Combining form meaning; ili/o
Ilium (upper part of pelvic bone).
Combining form meaning; ischi/o
Ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone).
Combining form meaning; malleol/o
Malleolus (process on each side of the ankle).
Combining form meaning; mandibul/o
Mandible (lower jawbone)
Combining form meaning; maxill/o
Maxilla (upper jawbone)
Combining form meaning; metacarp/o
Metacarpals (hand bones)
Combining form meaning; metatars/o
Metatarsals (foot bones)
Combining form meaning; olecran/o
Olecranon (elbow)
Combining form meaning; patell/o
Patella (knee cap)
Combining form meaning; pelv/o
Pelvis (hipbone)
Combining form meaning; perone/o
Fibula.
Combining form meaning; phalang/o
Phalanges (fingers and/or tie bones).
Combining form meaning; pub/o
Pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
Combining form meaning; radi/o
Radius (forearm bone - thumb side)
Combining form meaning; scapul/o
Scapula (shoulder blade)
Combining form meaning; stern/o
Sternum (breastbone)
Combining form meaning; tars/o
Tarsals (bones of the hind foot)
Combining form meaning; tibi/o
Tibia (shin bone)
Combining form meaning; uln/o
Ulna (forearm bone - little finger side)
Combining form meaning; ankyl/o
Stiff.
Combining form meaning; arthr/o
Joint.
Combining form meaning; articul/o
Joint.
Combining form meaning; burs/o
Bursa.
Combining form meaning; chondr/o
Cartilage.
Combining form meaning; ligament/o
Ligament.
Combining form meaning; rheumat/o
Watery flow.
Combining form meaning; synov/o
Synovial membrane.
Combining form meaning; ten/o
Tendon.
Suffix meaning; -desis
To bind, tie together
Suffix meaning; -stenosis
Narrowing.
Combining form meaning; fasci/o
Fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
Combining form meaning; fibr/o
Fibrous connective tissue.
Combining form meaning; leiomy/o
Smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs.
Combining form meaning; my/o
Muscle.
Combining form meaning; myocardi/o
Heart muscle.
Combining form meaning; myos/o
Muscle.
Combining form meaning; plant/o
Sole of the foot.
Combining form meaning; rhabdomy/o
Skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones.
Combining form meaning; sarc/o
Muscle and flesh.
Suffix meaning; -asthenia
Lack of strength.
Suffix meaning; -trophy
Development, nourishment.
Prefix meaning; ab-
Away from.
Prefix meaning; ad-
Toward.
Prefix meaning; dorsi-
Back.
Prefix meaning; poly-
Many, much.
What is the acetabulum?
Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.
What is the acromion?
Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.
What kind of tissue is bone?
Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton.
Ie) long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella)
What is a bone depression?
Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves.
Ie) fissure, foramen, fossa, sinus
What is a bone process?
Enlarged are that extends
What is the acetabulum?
Rounded depression/socket in pelvis that joins femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.
What is acromion?
Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.
What is bone?
Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton.
What is a bone depression?
Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves.
E.g) fissure, foramen, fossa, sinus
What is a bone process?
Enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
What is calcium?
One of the mineral constituents of bone.
What is cancellous bone?
Spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone.
What is cartilage?
Flexible connective tissue;
What is collagen?
Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.
What is compact bone?
Hard, dense bony tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones.
What are cranial bones?
Skull bones:
Ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal.
What is diaphysis?
Shaft, or mid-portion of a long bone.
What is a disk (disc)?
Flat, round, plate like structure. Between two vertebrae.
What is an epiphyseal plate?
Cartilaginous area at ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes part in immature skeleton.
What is epiphysis?
Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate.
What are facial bones?
Bones of the face:
Lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, zygomatic.
What is fontanelle?
Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.
What is the foramen magnum?
Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
What are Haversian canals?
Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.
What is a ligament?
Fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones.
Bands, or strands, located in and around joints.
What is the malleolus?
Round process on both sides of the ankle joint.
Lateral malleolus is part of fibula, medial malleolus is part of tibia.
What is the manubrium?
Upper portion of the sternum; joins with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint.
What is the mastoid process?
Rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.
What is the medullary cavity?
Central, hollowed-our area in the shaft of a long bone.
What is the metaphysis?
Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate.
What is the olecranon?
Large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow.
What is an orthopedist?
Medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions.
What is osseous tissue?
Bone tissue.
What is ossification?
Process of bone formation.
What is an osteoblast?
Bone cell that helps form bony tissue. Immature.
What is an osteoclast?
Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue.
What is periosteum?
Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.
What is phosphorus?
Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.
What is a physiatrist?
Medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation (physi/o means function).
What is pubic symphysis?
Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis.
What is red bone marrow?
Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis.
What are ribs?
Twelve pairs of curved bribes that form chest wall.
True ribs are first seven pairs.
False ribs are pairs 8 to 10.
Floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12.
What is sella turcica?
Depression in sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.
What is sinus?
Hollow air cavity within a bone.
What is styloid process?
Pole like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull.
What is a suture?
Immovable joint between bones, such as skull (cranium).
What is the temporomandibular joint?
Connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw.
What is a tendon?
Fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones.
What is trabeculae?
Supporting bundles of bony fibres in cancellous (spongy bone).
What is vertebra?
Individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina enclosing the neural canal and spinal cord.
What is xiphoid process?
Lower, narrow portion of the sternum.
What is yellow bone marrow?
Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones.
What is abduction?
Movement away from the midline of the body.
What is adduction?
Movement toward the midline of the body.
What is dorsiflexion?
Upward movement of the foot; achieved through ankle motion.
What is extension?
Straightening of a flexed limb; increasing the angle between the bones of a joint.
What is fascia?
Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles.
What is flexion?
Bending a limb; decreasing the angle between bones.
What is insertion of a muscle?
Connection of the muscle to a bone that moves; usually distal on the skeleton.
Origin of a muscle?
Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone; usually proximal on the skeleton.
What is plantar flexion?
Downward movement of the foot; achieved through ankle motion.
What is pronation?
Turning the palm downward.
What is rotation?
Circular movement around a central point.
Internal - towards centre of body
External - away from centre of body
What is striated muscle?
Muscle connected to bones; voluntary or skeletal muscle.
What is supination?
Turning the palm upward.
What is visceral muscle?
Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle.
