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Medical terminology > Chapter 15 - Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Combining form meaning; calc/o, calci/o

A

Calcium.

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2
Q

Combining form meaning; kyph/o

A

Humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region).

Ie) kyphosis

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3
Q

Combining form meaning; lamin/o

A

Lamina (part of the vertebral arch).

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4
Q

Combining form meaning; lord/o

A

Curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region).

Ie) lordosis

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5
Q

Combining form meaning; lumb/o

A

Loins, lower back.

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6
Q

Combining form meaning; myel/o

A

Bone marrow.

Ie) myelopoiesis - formation of bone marrow.

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7
Q

Combining form meaning; orth/o

A

Straight.

Orthopedics -Pertaining to straightening bones, muscles, joints.

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8
Q

Combining form meaning; oste/o

A

Bone.

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9
Q

Combining form meaning; scoli/o

A

Crooked, bent (lateral curvature).

Ie) scoliosis - abnormal curvature of spinal column to side

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10
Q

Combining form meaning; spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the structure)

A

Vertebra.

Ie) spondylosis - degeneration of intervertebral disks in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions.

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11
Q

Combining form meaning; vertebr/o (used to describe the structure itself)

A

Vertebra.

Ie) vertebroplasty - surgical repair of vertebra

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12
Q

Suffix meaning; -blast

A

Embryonic, or immature cell.

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13
Q

Suffix meaning; -clast

A

To break.

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14
Q

Suffix meaning; -listhesis

A

Slipping.

Ie) spondylolisthesis - the forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over a lower vertebra.

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15
Q

Suffix meaning; -malacia

A

Softening.

Ie) osteomalacia - softening of bone. A condition in which vitamin D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones.

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16
Q

Suffix meaning; -physis

A

To grow.

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17
Q

Suffix meaning; -porosis

A

Pore, passage.

Ie) osteoporosis - loss of bony tissue w/ decreased mass of bone.

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18
Q

Suffix meaning; -tome

A

Instrument to cut.

Ie) osteotome - surgical chisel designed to cut bone.

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19
Q

Combining form meaning; acetabul/o

A

Acetabulum (hip socket)

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20
Q

Combining form meaning; calcane/o

A

Calcaneus (heel)

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21
Q

Combining form meaning; carp/o

A

Carpals (wrist bones)

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22
Q

Combining form meaning; clavicul/o

A

Clavicle (collar bone)

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23
Q

Combining form meaning; cost/o

A

Ribs (true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs).

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24
Q

Combining form meaning; crani/o

A

Cranium (skull)

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25
Q

Combining form meaning; femor/o

A

Femur (thigh bone)

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26
Q

Combining form meaning; fibul/o

A

Fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

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27
Q

Combining form meaning; humer/o

A

Humerus (upper arm bone)

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28
Q

Combining form meaning; ili/o

A

Ilium (upper part of pelvic bone).

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29
Q

Combining form meaning; ischi/o

A

Ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone).

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30
Q

Combining form meaning; malleol/o

A

Malleolus (process on each side of the ankle).

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31
Q

Combining form meaning; mandibul/o

A

Mandible (lower jawbone)

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32
Q

Combining form meaning; maxill/o

A

Maxilla (upper jawbone)

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33
Q

Combining form meaning; metacarp/o

A

Metacarpals (hand bones)

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34
Q

Combining form meaning; metatars/o

A

Metatarsals (foot bones)

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35
Q

Combining form meaning; olecran/o

A

Olecranon (elbow)

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36
Q

Combining form meaning; patell/o

A

Patella (knee cap)

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37
Q

Combining form meaning; pelv/o

A

Pelvis (hipbone)

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38
Q

Combining form meaning; perone/o

A

Fibula.

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39
Q

Combining form meaning; phalang/o

A

Phalanges (fingers and/or tie bones).

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40
Q

Combining form meaning; pub/o

A

Pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

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41
Q

Combining form meaning; radi/o

A

Radius (forearm bone - thumb side)

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42
Q

Combining form meaning; scapul/o

A

Scapula (shoulder blade)

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43
Q

Combining form meaning; stern/o

A

Sternum (breastbone)

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44
Q

Combining form meaning; tars/o

A

Tarsals (bones of the hind foot)

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45
Q

Combining form meaning; tibi/o

A

Tibia (shin bone)

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46
Q

Combining form meaning; uln/o

A

Ulna (forearm bone - little finger side)

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47
Q

Combining form meaning; ankyl/o

A

Stiff.

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48
Q

Combining form meaning; arthr/o

A

Joint.

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49
Q

Combining form meaning; articul/o

A

Joint.

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50
Q

Combining form meaning; burs/o

A

Bursa.

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51
Q

Combining form meaning; chondr/o

A

Cartilage.

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52
Q

Combining form meaning; ligament/o

A

Ligament.

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53
Q

Combining form meaning; rheumat/o

A

Watery flow.

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54
Q

Combining form meaning; synov/o

A

Synovial membrane.

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55
Q

Combining form meaning; ten/o

A

Tendon.

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56
Q

Suffix meaning; -desis

A

To bind, tie together

57
Q

Suffix meaning; -stenosis

A

Narrowing.

58
Q

Combining form meaning; fasci/o

A

Fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)

59
Q

Combining form meaning; fibr/o

A

Fibrous connective tissue.

60
Q

Combining form meaning; leiomy/o

A

Smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs.

61
Q

Combining form meaning; my/o

A

Muscle.

62
Q

Combining form meaning; myocardi/o

A

Heart muscle.

63
Q

Combining form meaning; myos/o

A

Muscle.

64
Q

Combining form meaning; plant/o

A

Sole of the foot.

65
Q

Combining form meaning; rhabdomy/o

A

Skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones.

66
Q

Combining form meaning; sarc/o

A

Muscle and flesh.

67
Q

Suffix meaning; -asthenia

A

Lack of strength.

68
Q

Suffix meaning; -trophy

A

Development, nourishment.

69
Q

Prefix meaning; ab-

A

Away from.

70
Q

Prefix meaning; ad-

A

Toward.

71
Q

Prefix meaning; dorsi-

A

Back.

72
Q

Prefix meaning; poly-

A

Many, much.

73
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.

74
Q

What is the acromion?

A

Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.

75
Q

What kind of tissue is bone?

A

Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton.

Ie) long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella)

76
Q

What is a bone depression?

A

Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves.

Ie) fissure, foramen, fossa, sinus

77
Q

What is a bone process?

A

Enlarged are that extends

78
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

Rounded depression/socket in pelvis that joins femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.

79
Q

What is acromion?

A

Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.

80
Q

What is bone?

A

Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton.

81
Q

What is a bone depression?

A

Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves.

E.g) fissure, foramen, fossa, sinus

82
Q

What is a bone process?

A

Enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

83
Q

What is calcium?

A

One of the mineral constituents of bone.

84
Q

What is cancellous bone?

A

Spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone.

85
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Flexible connective tissue;

86
Q

What is collagen?

A

Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.

87
Q

What is compact bone?

A

Hard, dense bony tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones.

88
Q

What are cranial bones?

A

Skull bones:

Ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal.

89
Q

What is diaphysis?

A

Shaft, or mid-portion of a long bone.

90
Q

What is a disk (disc)?

A

Flat, round, plate like structure. Between two vertebrae.

91
Q

What is an epiphyseal plate?

A

Cartilaginous area at ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes part in immature skeleton.

92
Q

What is epiphysis?

A

Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate.

93
Q

What are facial bones?

A

Bones of the face:

Lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, zygomatic.

94
Q

What is fontanelle?

A

Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.

95
Q

What is the foramen magnum?

A

Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

96
Q

What are Haversian canals?

A

Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.

97
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones.

Bands, or strands, located in and around joints.

98
Q

What is the malleolus?

A

Round process on both sides of the ankle joint.

Lateral malleolus is part of fibula, medial malleolus is part of tibia.

99
Q

What is the manubrium?

A

Upper portion of the sternum; joins with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint.

100
Q

What is the mastoid process?

A

Rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.

101
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

Central, hollowed-our area in the shaft of a long bone.

102
Q

What is the metaphysis?

A

Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate.

103
Q

What is the olecranon?

A

Large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow.

104
Q

What is an orthopedist?

A

Medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions.

105
Q

What is osseous tissue?

A

Bone tissue.

106
Q

What is ossification?

A

Process of bone formation.

107
Q

What is an osteoblast?

A

Bone cell that helps form bony tissue. Immature.

108
Q

What is an osteoclast?

A

Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue.

109
Q

What is periosteum?

A

Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.

110
Q

What is phosphorus?

A

Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.

111
Q

What is a physiatrist?

A

Medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation (physi/o means function).

112
Q

What is pubic symphysis?

A

Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis.

113
Q

What is red bone marrow?

A

Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis.

114
Q

What are ribs?

A

Twelve pairs of curved bribes that form chest wall.

True ribs are first seven pairs.
False ribs are pairs 8 to 10.
Floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12.

115
Q

What is sella turcica?

A

Depression in sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.

116
Q

What is sinus?

A

Hollow air cavity within a bone.

117
Q

What is styloid process?

A

Pole like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull.

118
Q

What is a suture?

A

Immovable joint between bones, such as skull (cranium).

119
Q

What is the temporomandibular joint?

A

Connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw.

120
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones.

121
Q

What is trabeculae?

A

Supporting bundles of bony fibres in cancellous (spongy bone).

122
Q

What is vertebra?

A

Individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina enclosing the neural canal and spinal cord.

123
Q

What is xiphoid process?

A

Lower, narrow portion of the sternum.

124
Q

What is yellow bone marrow?

A

Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones.

125
Q

What is abduction?

A

Movement away from the midline of the body.

126
Q

What is adduction?

A

Movement toward the midline of the body.

127
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Upward movement of the foot; achieved through ankle motion.

128
Q

What is extension?

A

Straightening of a flexed limb; increasing the angle between the bones of a joint.

129
Q

What is fascia?

A

Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles.

130
Q

What is flexion?

A

Bending a limb; decreasing the angle between bones.

131
Q

What is insertion of a muscle?

A

Connection of the muscle to a bone that moves; usually distal on the skeleton.

132
Q

Origin of a muscle?

A

Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone; usually proximal on the skeleton.

133
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Downward movement of the foot; achieved through ankle motion.

134
Q

What is pronation?

A

Turning the palm downward.

135
Q

What is rotation?

A

Circular movement around a central point.

Internal - towards centre of body

External - away from centre of body

136
Q

What is striated muscle?

A

Muscle connected to bones; voluntary or skeletal muscle.

137
Q

What is supination?

A

Turning the palm upward.

138
Q

What is visceral muscle?

A

Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle.

Medical terminology (15 decks)

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