Chapter 3 - Suffixes Flashcards
Combing form meanings; abdomin/o?
Abdomen.
Combing form meanings; acr/o?
Extremities, top, extreme point.
Combing form meanings; acu/o?
Sharp, severe, sudden.
Combing form meanings; aden/o?
Gland.
Combing form meanings; adip/o?
Fat.
Combing form meanings; amni/o?
Amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus).
Combing form meanings; angi/o?
Vessel.
Combing form meanings; arteri/o?
Artery.
Combing form meanings; arthr/o?
Joint.
Combing form meanings; axill/o?
Armpit.
Combing form meanings; bi/o?
Life.
Combing form meanings; blephar/o?
Eyelid.
Combing form meanings; bronch/o?
Bronchial tubes (2 tubes, one right and one left, branch from trachea to enter the lungs).
Combing form meanings; carcin/o?
Cancer.
Combing form meanings; cardi/o?
Heart.
Combing form meanings; chem/o?
Drug, chemical.
Combing form meanings; chondr/o?
Cartilage.
Combing form meanings; chron/o?
Time.
Combing form meanings; col/o?
Colon (large intestine).
Combing form meanings; cyst/o?
Urinary bladder.
Combing form meanings; encephal/o?
Brain.
Combing form meanings; erythr/o?
Red.
Combing form meanings; hem/o?
Blood.
Combing form meanings; hepat/o?
Liver.
Combing form meanings; hydr/o?
Water, fluid.
Combing form meanings; inguin/o?
Groin.
Combing form meanings; isch/o?
To hold back.
Combing form meanings; lapar/o?
Abdomen, abdominal wall.
Combing form meanings; laryng/o?
Larynx.
Combing form meanings; leuk/o?
White.
Combing form meanings; lymph/o?
Lymph.
A clear fluid that bathed tissue spaces, is contained in special lymph vessels and nodes throughout body.
Combing form meanings; mamm/o?
Breast.
Combing form meanings; mast/o?
Breast.
Combing form meanings; morph/o?
Shape, form.
Combing form meanings; muc/o?
Mucus.
Combing form meanings; my/o?
Muscle.
Combing form meanings; myel/o?
Spinal cord, bone marrow.
Context of usage indicates the meaning intended.
Combing form meanings; necr/o?
Death (of cells or whole body).
Combing form meanings; nephr/o?
Kidney.
Combing form meanings; neur/o?
Nerve.
Combing form meanings; neutr/o?
Neutrophil (a white blood cell).
Combing form meanings; nucle/o?
Nucleus.
Combing form meanings; ophthalm/o?
Eye.
Combing form meanings; oste/o?
Bone.
Combing form meanings; ot/o?
Ear.
Combing form meanings; path/o?
Disease.
Combing form meanings; peritone/o?
Peritoneum.
Combing form meanings; phag/o?
To eat, swallow.
Combing form meanings; phleb/o?
Vein.
Combing form meanings; plas/o?
Formation, development.
Combing form meanings; pleur/o?
Pleura (membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall).
Combing form meanings; Pneumon/o?
Lungs.
Combing form meanings; pulmon/o?
Lungs.
Combing form meanings; radi/o?
X-rays.
Combing form meanings; rect/o?
Rectum.
Combing form meanings; ren/o?
Kidney.
Combing form meanings; rhin/o?
Nose.
Combing form meanings; sarc/o?
Flesh.
Combing form meanings; splen/o?
Spleen.
Combing form meanings; staphyl/o?
Clusters.
Combing form meanings; strept/o?
Twisted chains.
Combing form meanings; thorac/o?
Chest.
Combing form meanings; thromb/o?
Clot.
Combing form meanings; tonsill/o?
Tonsils.
Combing form meanings; trache/o?
Trachea (windpipe).
Combing form meanings; ven/o?
Vein.
Suffix meaning; -algia
Pain.
Suffix meaning; -cele
Hernia.
Ie) rectocele, cystocele
Suffix meaning; -centesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid.
Ie) amniocentesis
Suffix meaning; -coccus
Berry-shaped bacterium (singular)
Suffix meaning; -cocci
(Plural) berry shaped bacteria.
Suffix meaning; -cyte
Cell.
Suffix meaning; -dynia
Pain.
Ie) pleurodynia - pain in chest wall muscles that is aggravated by breathing
Suffix meaning; -ectomy
Excision, removal, resection.
Ie) mastectomy, laryngectomy
Suffix meaning; -emia
Blood condition.
Suffix meaning; -genesis
Condition of producing, forming.
Ie) pathogenesis - condition of forming disease
Suffix meaning; -gram
Record.
Ie) mammogram
Suffix meaning; -graph
Instrument for recording.
Ie) electroencephalograph
Suffix meaning; -graphy
Process of recording.
Ie) electroencephalography
Suffix meaning; -itis
Inflammation.
Suffix meaning; -logy
Study of.
Ie) morphology - study of shape, form
Suffix meaning; -lysis
Breakdown, destruction, separation.
Ie) hemolysis - breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin
Suffix meaning; -malacia
Softening.
Ie) osteomalacia - softening of bone
Suffix meaning; -megaly
Enlargement.
Ie) acromegaly
Ie) splenomegaly - enlargement of spleen
Suffix meaning; -oma
Tumour, mass, collection of fluid.
Ie) myoma - tumour of muscle (benign)
Myosarcoma - malignant muscle tumour
Suffix meaning; -opsy
To view.
Ie) necropsy
Suffix meaning; -osis
Condition, usually abnormal.
Ie) necrosis
Ie) hydronephrosis
Suffix meaning; -pathy
Disease condition.
Ie) cardiomyopathy - disease of heart muscle
Suffix meaning; -penia
Deficiency.
Ie) erythropenia - deficiency of RBCs
Ie) neutropenia - deficiency of neutrophil (WBCs)
Suffix meaning; -phobia
Fear.
Ie) agoraphobia - agora (marketplace). Anxiety disorder, fear of being outside home alone, open or enclosed places, public transport.
Ie) acrophobia - fear of heights
Suffix meaning; -plasia
Development, formation, growth.
Ie) achondroplasia - bones and arms don’t grow to normal size bc defect in cartilage and bone formation. Dwarfism.
Suffix meaning; -plasty
Surgical repair.
Ie) Angioplasty - surgical repair of vessels
Ie) blepharoplasty - surgical repair of eyelid.
Suffix meaning; -ptosis
Drooping, falling, prolapse.
Ie) blepharoptosis - drooping of the eye.
Ptosis alone to indicate drooping of upper eyelids or breasts.
Suffix meaning; -rrhea
Flow, discharge.
Ie) rhinorrhea - discharge of the nose
Suffix meaning; -sclerosis
Hardening.
Ie) arteriosclerosis - heartening of an artery.
Atherosclerosis - deposits of fat collect in artery (a form of arteriosclerosis)
Suffix meaning; -scope
Instrument for visual examination.
Ie) laparoscope - instrument to visually examine abdomen.
Suffix meaning; -scopy
Process of visual examination (with an endoscope).
Ie) laparoscopy - process of visually examining abdomen.
Suffix meaning; -stasis
Controlling, stopping.
Ie) metastasis: meta - beyond. Beyond controlling. A metastasis is the spread of a malignant tumour beyond its original site to a secondary organ or location.
Suffix meaning; -stomy
Opening to from a mouth (stoma).
Ie)colostomy - opening the colon
Ie) tracheostomy - opening to form a mouth of the trachea.
Suffix meaning; -therapy
Treatment.
Ie) chemotherapy - therapy of chemicals
Ie) radiotherapy - high-energy radiation is used to treat illness
Suffix meaning; -tomy
Incision, cutting into.
Ie) laparotomy - large incision into peritoneal cavity, often performed of exploratory basis
Suffix meaning; -trophy
Development, nourishment.
Ie) atrophy - without nourishment. Cells decrease in size. Muscles atrophy when immobilized in cast.
Ie) hypertrophy - cells increase in size. Muscles of weightlifters.
Suffix meaning; -er
One who.
Ie) radiographer - technologist who assists in making of diagnostic x-day pictures.
Suffix meaning; -ia
Condition.
Ie) pneumonia - condition of lungs.
Suffix meaning; -ist
Specialist.
Ie) nephrologist - kidney specialist.
Suffix meaning; -ole
Little, small.
Ie) arteriole - small artery
Suffix meaning; -ule
Little, small.
Ie) venule - small vein
Suffix meaning; -um, -ium
Structure, tissue.
Ie) pericardium - membrane surrounding heart.
Suffix meaning; -us
Structure, substance.
Ie) mucus
Ie) esophagus - structure within that swallows
Suffix meaning; -y
Condition, process.
Nephropathy - disease condition of the kidney
Adjective suffix meaning; -ac, -iac
Pertaining to.
Ie) cardiac
Adjective suffix meaning; -al
Pertaining to.
Ie) Peritoneal
Adjective suffix meaning; -ar
Pertaining to.
Ie) tomsillar - pertaining to tonsils
Adjective suffix meaning; -ary
Pertaining to.
Ie) pulmonary - pertaining to lungs
Adjective suffix meaning; -eal
Pertaining to.
Ie) laryngeal - pertaining to larynx
Adjective suffix meaning; -genic
Pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in.
Ie) osteogenic - pertaining to produced in bone
Adjective suffix meaning; -ic, -ical
Pertaining to.
Ie) Chronic - pertaining to a long time.
Acute is the opposite of chronic. Describes disease that is rapid onset and severe symptoms as well as brief duration.
Adjective suffix meaning; -oid
Resembling, derived from.
Ie) adenoids - resemble glands.
Adjective suffix meaning; -ose
Pertaining to, full of.
Ie) adipose - full of fat.
Adjective suffix meaning; -ous
Pertaining to.
Ie) mucous (adjective) membranes produce sticky secretion (mucus).
Adjective suffix meaning; -tic
Pertaining to.
Ie) necrotic - pertaining to death.
What is a hernia?
Protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.
What is a hiatal hernia?
Occurs when stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through esophageal opening in diaphragm.
What is an inguinal hernia?
Occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region (commonly scrotal sac in the male).
What is a cystocele?
Occurs when party of urinary bladder herniates through vaginal wall (due to weakness of pelvic muscles).
What is a rectocele?
Protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina.
What is an omphalocele?
Omphal/o - umbilicus, navel.
Herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around navel occurring in infants at birth.
What is streptococcus?
A berry shaped bacterium, grows in twisted chains.
One group of streptococci causes “strep throat,” tonsillitis, rheumatic fever, certain kidney ailments. Another - infections in teeth, within sinuses, and heart valves.
What is staphylococci?
Another berry-shaped bacteria, but grow in small clusters like grapes.
Lesions may be external (boils, stys, skin abscesses), or internal (in bone and kidney).
Abscess - collection of pus, WBCs, and protein present at site of infection.
MRSA - serious condition difficult to treat. (Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus).
What is diplococci? What are two examples of it?
Berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs; dipl/o = 2.
Pneumococci - cause bacterial pneumonia.
Gonococci - (gon/o =seed), invaded reproductive organs causing gonorrhoea
What is the difference between the focal bacteria streptococci, staphylococci, and diplococci?
Streptococci - grows in twisted chains
Staphylococci - grow in small clusters
Diplococci - organized in pairs.
Both streptococci and staphylococci are gram-positive bacteria (retain purple light colour of stain Gram’s method), diplococci is gram-negative beached is has pink colour of counterstain (safranin).
What are erythrocytes?
Where are they made?
What do they do?
Red blood cells.
Made in bone marrow (soft tissue in centre of certain bones).
Carry oxygen from lungs through body to body cells. The body cells use O2 to burn food, release energy (catabolism).
Hemoglobin - protein in RBCs carries oxygen through bloodstream.
There are five types of leukocytes, that are categorized under two sections, name the sections and the WBCs.
Two sections: GRANULOCYTES (aka polymorphonuclears) and MONONUCLEARS.
Granulocytes:
- eosinophil
- basophil
- neutrophil
Mononuclears:
- lymphocyte
- monocyte
Way to remember five leukocytes:
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas.
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophil
What are granulocytes?
Contain dark-staining granules in cytoplasm and have a multiloned nucleus. Formed in bone marrow.
Three types: eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils.
What are eosinophils? What colour do they stain?
WBS more specifically granulocytes.
Stain red (eosin/o = rosy) with acidic stain.
Increased in number in allergic conditions such as asthma.
3% of leukocytes.
What are basophils? What colour do they stain?
WBCs -> granulocytes.
Granules stain blue with basic (bas/o = basic) stain.
Function unclear, but number increases in healing phase of inflammation.
Less than 1% WBCs.
What are neutrophils? What colour do they stain?
Granules stain pale purple with neutral stain.
Most important disease fighting cells and most numerous.
Phagocytes (phag/o =eating, swallowing) engulfing and digesting bacteria.
Referee to as polys - polymorphonuclear leukocytes (multilobed nucleus)
50% - 60% of all WBCs.
What are mononuclear cells?
Where are they produced?
What are the two types?
Have one large nucleus (mononuclear), and only a few granules in their cytoplasm.
Produced in bone marrow and lymph nodes and spleen.
Two types:
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
What are lymphocytes? What do they do?
WBCs -> mononuclear cells.
(Lymph cells) fight disease by producing antibodies, thereby destroying foreign cells. May attach and destroy.
Two types: T cells and B cells
AIDS - serious depletion of T cells.
32% of WBCs.
What are monocytes?
WBCs-> mononuclear.
(Contain one -mon/o - large nucleus).
Engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells.
Monocytes leave bloodstream and enter tissues (such as lung/liver) to become macrophages (large phagocytes).
4% of WBCs.
What are thrombocytes? What else are they called?
Aka platelets.
They are clotting cells, formed in bone marrow.
Little fragments of cells.
What is acromegaly?
Endocrine disorder.
Pituitary gland produces excessive amounts of growth hormone after puberty.
Bones and soft tissue in hands, feet, face grow abnormally.
Gigantism begins in childhood.
What is laparoscopy?
Visual examination of abdomen using laparoscope. (Through incision in abdomen near navel, has inserted to separate and prevent injury during surgery).
What is a tracheotomy?
What is a tracheostomy?
Incision into trachea to open in below blockage.
Opening in trachea through which indwelling tube is inserted. To allow airflow or help remove secretions from bronchial tubes.
What are adenoids?
Small masses of lymphatic tissue in pharynx (throat) near nose and nasal passages.
“Resembling glands.” Neither endocrine more exocrine glands.
