Chapter 8 - Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Question 1

Glucose

Answer 1

the simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy

Question 2

Glycogen

Answer 2

glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissue; the storage form of carbohydrate

Question 3

Ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1)

Answer 3

point at which the body uses an equal mic of carbs and fat as fuel sources

Question 4

Ventilatory thresholde 2 (VT2)

Answer 4

the point where glucose provides nearly all of the energy for the activity

Question 5

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 5

the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

Question 6

Ketogenesis

Answer 6

the formation of ketone bodies from nonfat sources

Question 7

Ketosis

Answer 7

a state of carbohydrate depletion where the liver manufactures ketone bodies to meet energy demands that free fatty acid oxidation cannot support

Question 8

Ketoacidosis

Answer 8

metabolic acidosis induced by very high levels of ketone bodies such as seen in type 1 diabetes or severe insulin resistance

Question 9

Glycolysis

Answer 9

a metabolic process that occurs in the cystol of a cell that converts glucose into pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate

Question 10

Kilocalorie (kcal)

Answer 10

one food calorie, also the amount of energy needed to raise one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius

Question 11

Essential amino acids

Answer 11

amino acids that must be obtained through the diet as the body does not make it; 9 EEAs

Question 12

Nonessential amino acids

Answer 12

amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not need to be obtained in the diet