Chapter 7 - Human Movement Science Flashcards
Human Movement System
The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.
Kinetic chain
A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.
Regional interdependence
The concept describing the integrated functioning of multiple body systems or regions of the body.
Kinesiology
Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.
Biomechanics
The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.
Osteokinematics
Movement of a limb that is visible
Arthrokinemetics
Description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin
Sagittal plane
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves
Hypertension
Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion
Frontal Plane
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves
Lateral flexion
Bending of the spine from side the side
Transverse plane
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves
Elasticity
The ability of soft tissues to return to resting length after being stretched
Flexibility
The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allow for full ROM of a joint
Hypermobility
A state where a lack of neuromuscular support leads to a joint having more range of motion than it should
Hypomobility
When range of motion at a joint is limited
Agonists (anatomy of muscles)
the primary muscle providing force for a movement
Synergists (anatomy of muscles)
muscles that assist agonists to produce a movement
Stabilizer (anatomy of muscles)
muscles that contract isometrically to stabilize the trunk and joints as the body moves
Feed-forward activation
when a muscle is automatically activated in anticipation of a movement
Antagonists (anatomy of muscles)
muscles on the opposite side of a joint that are in direct opposition of agonist muscles
Length-tension relationship
the resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length
Altered length-tension relationship
when a muscle’s resting length is too short of too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce
Reciprocal inhibition
when an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen
Altered reciprocal inhibition
occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist
Stretch-shortening cycle
loading of a muscle eccentrically to prepare it for a rapid concentric contraction
Local muscles
stabilizes the trunk of the body (core)
Global muscles
larger muscles that initiate movements and tend to function across one or more joints
Deep longitudinal system (DLS)
(global muscles) lower leg, hamstrings, and low back region; creates a contracting tension to absorb and control ground reaction forces during gait
Posterior oblique subsystem (POS)
Lats, thoracolumbar fascia, and gluteus maximus; produces a pulling force and stabilization force
Anterior oblique subsystem (AOS)
Obliques, adductors, and hip external rotators; creates stability from the trunk, through the pelvis, and to the hips and contributes to rotational movement
Lateral subsystem (LS)
Lateral hips (gluteus medius), medial thigh muscles (adductors) and contralateral quadratus lumborum; creates and maintains frontal plane stabilization
