Chapter 7 - Human Movement Science

Question 1

Human Movement System

Answer 1

The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.

Question 2

Kinetic chain

Answer 2

A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.

Question 3

Regional interdependence

Answer 3

The concept describing the integrated functioning of multiple body systems or regions of the body.

Question 4

Kinesiology

Answer 4

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.

Question 4

Biomechanics

Answer 4

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

Question 5

Osteokinematics

Answer 5

Movement of a limb that is visible

Question 6

Arthrokinemetics

Answer 6

Description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin

Question 7

Sagittal plane

Answer 7

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves

Question 8

Hypertension

Answer 8

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion

Question 9

Frontal Plane

Answer 9

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves

Question 10

Lateral flexion

Answer 10

Bending of the spine from side the side

Question 11

Transverse plane

Answer 11

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

Question 12

Elasticity

Answer 12

The ability of soft tissues to return to resting length after being stretched

Question 13

Flexibility

Answer 13

The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allow for full ROM of a joint

Question 14

Hypermobility

Answer 14

A state where a lack of neuromuscular support leads to a joint having more range of motion than it should

Question 15

Hypomobility

Answer 15

When range of motion at a joint is limited

Question 16

Agonists (anatomy of muscles)

Answer 16

the primary muscle providing force for a movement

Question 17

Synergists (anatomy of muscles)

Answer 17

muscles that assist agonists to produce a movement

Question 18

Stabilizer (anatomy of muscles)

Answer 18

muscles that contract isometrically to stabilize the trunk and joints as the body moves

Question 19

Feed-forward activation

Answer 19

when a muscle is automatically activated in anticipation of a movement

Question 19

Antagonists (anatomy of muscles)

Answer 19

muscles on the opposite side of a joint that are in direct opposition of agonist muscles

Question 20

Length-tension relationship

Answer 20

the resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

Question 20

Altered length-tension relationship

Answer 20

when a muscle’s resting length is too short of too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce

Question 21

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 21

when an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen

Question 22

Altered reciprocal inhibition

Answer 22

occurs when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist

Question 23

Stretch-shortening cycle

Answer 23

loading of a muscle eccentrically to prepare it for a rapid concentric contraction

Question 24

Local muscles

Answer 24

stabilizes the trunk of the body (core)

Question 25

Global muscles

Answer 25

larger muscles that initiate movements and tend to function across one or more joints

Question 26

Deep longitudinal system (DLS)

Answer 26

(global muscles) lower leg, hamstrings, and low back region; creates a contracting tension to absorb and control ground reaction forces during gait

Question 27

Posterior oblique subsystem (POS)

Answer 27

Lats, thoracolumbar fascia, and gluteus maximus; produces a pulling force and stabilization force

Question 28

Anterior oblique subsystem (AOS)

Answer 28

Obliques, adductors, and hip external rotators; creates stability from the trunk, through the pelvis, and to the hips and contributes to rotational movement

Question 29

Lateral subsystem (LS)

Answer 29

Lateral hips (gluteus medius), medial thigh muscles (adductors) and contralateral quadratus lumborum; creates and maintains frontal plane stabilization