Chapter 23 - Chronic Health Conditions and Special Populations

Question 1

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

a general term that refers to the hardening and loss of elasticity or arteries

Question 2

Artherosclerosis

Answer 2

the process by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow

Question 3

Obesity

Answer 3

a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater

Question 4

Overweight

Answer 4

a body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a BMI of 25.0-29.9

Question 5

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 5

specialized cells in the pancreas stop producing insulin, causing blood sugar levels to rise

Question 6

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 6

Associated with obesity; cells are resistance to insulin, meaning it cannot transfer adequate amounts of blood sugar into the cell

Question 7

Hyperglycemia

Answer 7

high blood sugar; the state of elevated glucose in the bloodstream

Question 8

Hypoglycemia

Answer 8

low blood sugar; the state of deficient glucose in the bloodstream

Question 9

Hypertension

Answer 9

consistently elevated blood pressure; common causes are smoking, sedentary living, alcohol abuse, excess weight

Question 10

Stroke

Answer 10

a sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused either by a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel

Question 11

Leading cause of death

Answer 11

Coronary Heart Disease

Question 12

Osteopenia

Answer 12

lower than normal bone density and a precursor to osteoporosis

Question 13

Osteoporosis

Answer 13

a condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bone fracture

Question 14

Type 1 (primary) Osteoporosis

Answer 14

associate with normal aging and is attributed to a lower production of estrogen and progesterone

Question 15

Type 2 (secondary) Osteoporosis

Answer 15

caused by medical conditions or medications that can disrupt normal bone reformation

Question 16

Arthritis

Answer 16

chronic inflammation of the joints; leading cause of disability in US

Question 17

Osteoarthritis

Answer 17

caused by degeneration of cartilage within joints

Question 18

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 18

a degenerative joint disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissue

Question 19

Atrophy

Answer 19

the wasting away or decrease in size of body tissue

Question 20

Restrictive lung disease

Answer 20

the condition of a fibrous lung tissue, which results in a decreased ability to expand the lungs

Question 21

Chronic obstructive lung disease

Answer 21

the condition of altered airflow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production

Question 22

Dyspnea

Answer 22

shortness of breath or labored breathing

Question 23

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Answer 23

a group of diseases in which blood vessels become restricted or blocked, typically as a result of atherosclerosis