Chapter 23 - Chronic Health Conditions and Special Populations Flashcards
Arteriosclerosis
a general term that refers to the hardening and loss of elasticity or arteries
Artherosclerosis
the process by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow
Obesity
a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater
Overweight
a body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a BMI of 25.0-29.9
Type 1 Diabetes
specialized cells in the pancreas stop producing insulin, causing blood sugar levels to rise
Type 2 Diabetes
Associated with obesity; cells are resistance to insulin, meaning it cannot transfer adequate amounts of blood sugar into the cell
Hyperglycemia
high blood sugar; the state of elevated glucose in the bloodstream
Hypoglycemia
low blood sugar; the state of deficient glucose in the bloodstream
Hypertension
consistently elevated blood pressure; common causes are smoking, sedentary living, alcohol abuse, excess weight
Stroke
a sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused either by a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel
Leading cause of death
Coronary Heart Disease
Osteopenia
lower than normal bone density and a precursor to osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
a condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bone fracture
Type 1 (primary) Osteoporosis
associate with normal aging and is attributed to a lower production of estrogen and progesterone
Type 2 (secondary) Osteoporosis
caused by medical conditions or medications that can disrupt normal bone reformation
Arthritis
chronic inflammation of the joints; leading cause of disability in US
Osteoarthritis
caused by degeneration of cartilage within joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
a degenerative joint disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissue
Atrophy
the wasting away or decrease in size of body tissue
Restrictive lung disease
the condition of a fibrous lung tissue, which results in a decreased ability to expand the lungs
Chronic obstructive lung disease
the condition of altered airflow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production
Dyspnea
shortness of breath or labored breathing
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
a group of diseases in which blood vessels become restricted or blocked, typically as a result of atherosclerosis
