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Basic Medical Language > Chapter 8 Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

abdomen

A

portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis

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2
Q

anus

A

sphincter muscle (ringlike band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the digestive tract, connected to the rectum

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3
Q

appendix

A

small, wormlike pouch attached to the cecum (the beginning of the large intestine)

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4
Q

colon

A

major component of the large intestine, which is divided into four parts; ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

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5
Q

esophagus

A

tube that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach

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6
Q

gallbladder

A

small, saclike structure that stores bile produced by the liver

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7
Q

gums

A

pale pink tissue that is attached to jaw bones and teeth; provides supporting structure for the mouth

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8
Q

large intestine

A

approximately 5 foot canal extending from the ileum to the anus

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9
Q

liver

A

organ that produces bile for the digestion of fats; performs many other functions that support digestion and metabolism

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10
Q

mouth

A

opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva; (also called the oral cavity)

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11
Q

pancreas

A

organ that secretes multiple enzymes necessary for digestion; also secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism

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12
Q

pharynx

A

performs swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus

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13
Q

rectum

A

last part of the large intestine connecting to the anus

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14
Q

sigmoid colon

A

S-shaped section of the large intestine leading into the rectum

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15
Q

small intestine

A

20-foot tube extending from the stomach to the large intestine, where most of the nutrients are absorbed; has three sections; duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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16
Q

stomach

A

J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food; secretes substances that aid digestion

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17
Q

tongue

A

organ in mouth composed of skeletal muscle; responsible for movement of food from mouth to pharynx, and is also important for taste and speech

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18
Q

abdominal/o, lapar/o

A

abdomen, abdominal cavity

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19
Q

an/o

A

anus

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20
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

appendix

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21
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

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22
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon

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23
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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24
Q

enter/o

A

intestines (the small intestine)

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25
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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26
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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27
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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28
Q

gloss/o, lingu/o

A

tongue

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29
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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30
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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31
Q

jejun/0

A

jejunum

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32
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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33
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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34
Q

-algia

A

pain

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35
Q

peps/o

A

digestion

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36
Q

phag/o

A

swallowing, eating

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37
Q

proct/o, rect/o

A

rectum

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38
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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39
Q

abdominocentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity (also called abdominal paracentesis)

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40
Q

aphagia

A

condition of without swallowing

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41
Q

dysentery

A

painful intestines

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42
Q

dyspepsia

A

condition of difficult digestion

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43
Q

dysphagia

A

condition of difficulty swallowing

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44
Q

esophageal

A

pertaining to the esophagus

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45
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

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46
Q

gastrectomy

A

excision of the stomach

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47
Q

gastric

A

pertaining to the stomach

48
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

49
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

50
Q

gastroenterologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines

51
Q

gastroenterology

A

study of the stomach and intestines

52
Q

gastroesophageal

A

pertaining to the stomach and esophagus

53
Q

gastroscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the stomach

54
Q

gastroscopy

A

visual examination of the stomach

55
Q

gastrostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the stomach

56
Q

gingivalgia

A

pain in the gums

57
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

58
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

59
Q

laparoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity

60
Q

laparoscopic

A

pertaining to visual examination of the abdominal cavity

61
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdominal cavity

62
Q

laparotomy

A

incision into the abdominal cavity

63
Q

oral

A

pertaining to the mouth

64
Q

sublingual

A

pertaining to under the tongue

65
Q

anal

A

pertaining to the anus

66
Q

appendectomy

A

excision of the appendix

67
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

68
Q

cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder

69
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

70
Q

cholelithiasis

A

condition of gallstones

71
Q

colectomy

A

excision of the colon

72
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon

73
Q

colonoscopy

A

visual examination of the colon

74
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the colon

75
Q

CT colonography

A

radiographic imaging of the colon (using a CT scanner and software)

76
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum

77
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

78
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

79
Q

hepatoma

A

tumor of the liver

80
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

81
Q

ileostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the ileum

82
Q

jejunostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the jejunum

83
Q

pancreatic

A

pertaining to the pancreas

84
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

85
Q

proctoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the rectum

86
Q

proctoscopy

A

visual examination of the rectum

87
Q

rectal

A

pertaining to the rectum

88
Q

rectocele

A

hernia of the rectum (also called posterior prolapse)

89
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

visual examination of the sigmoid colon

90
Q

bariatric surgery

A

surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity, a condition that can cause serious illness

91
Q

barium enema (BE)

A

diagnostic procedure in which a series of radiographic images are taken of the large intestine after the rectal administration of the contrast agent barium (also called lower GI series)

92
Q

celiac disease

A

malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten which may damage the lining of the small intestine that is responsible for absorption of food into the bloodstream (also called gluten enteropathy)

93
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; commonly caused by alcoholism and certain types of viral hepatitis

94
Q

constipation

A

infrequent or difficult evacuation of stool

95
Q

Crohn disease

A

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon; characterized by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction

96
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent discharge of liquid stool

97
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

A

endoscopic procedure involving radiographic imaging of the biliary ducts and pancreatic ducts

98
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

disorder characterized by the abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus

99
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen or distended veins in the rectal area, which may be internal or external and can be a source of rectal bleeding and pain

100
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain

101
Q

parenteral

A

pertaining to treatment other than through the digestive system

102
Q

peptic ulcer

A

erosion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum associated with increased secretion of acid from the stomach, bacterial infection, or use of non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (often referred to as gastric or duodenal ulcer depending on its location)

103
Q

polyp

A

tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane

104
Q

stoma

A

surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body, such as the opening established in the abdominal wall by colostomy, ileostomy, or a similar operation

105
Q

ulcerative colitis (UC)

A

disease characterized by inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers, which can cause bloody diarrhea

106
Q

upper GI series (UGI series)

A

diagnostic procedure in which a series of radiographic images are taken of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after oral administration of the contrast agent barium

107
Q

BE

A

barium enema

108
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

109
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

110
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

111
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

112
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

113
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

114
Q

PEG

A

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

115
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition

116
Q

UC

A

ulcerative colitis

117
Q

UGI series

A

upper GI series

Basic Medical Language (12 decks)

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