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Basic Medical Language > Chapter 8 Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

abdomen

A

portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis

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2
Q

anus

A

sphincter muscle (ringlike band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the digestive tract, connected to the rectum

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3
Q

appendix

A

small, wormlike pouch attached to the cecum (the beginning of the large intestine)

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4
Q

colon

A

major component of the large intestine, which is divided into four parts; ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

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5
Q

esophagus

A

tube that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach

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6
Q

gallbladder

A

small, saclike structure that stores bile produced by the liver

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7
Q

gums

A

pale pink tissue that is attached to jaw bones and teeth; provides supporting structure for the mouth

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8
Q

large intestine

A

approximately 5 foot canal extending from the ileum to the anus

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9
Q

liver

A

organ that produces bile for the digestion of fats; performs many other functions that support digestion and metabolism

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10
Q

mouth

A

opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva; (also called the oral cavity)

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11
Q

pancreas

A

organ that secretes multiple enzymes necessary for digestion; also secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism

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12
Q

pharynx

A

performs swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus

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13
Q

rectum

A

last part of the large intestine connecting to the anus

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14
Q

sigmoid colon

A

S-shaped section of the large intestine leading into the rectum

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15
Q

small intestine

A

20-foot tube extending from the stomach to the large intestine, where most of the nutrients are absorbed; has three sections; duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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16
Q

stomach

A

J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food; secretes substances that aid digestion

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17
Q

tongue

A

organ in mouth composed of skeletal muscle; responsible for movement of food from mouth to pharynx, and is also important for taste and speech

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18
Q

abdominal/o, lapar/o

A

abdomen, abdominal cavity

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19
Q

an/o

A

anus

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20
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

appendix

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21
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

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22
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon

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23
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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24
Q

enter/o

A

intestines (the small intestine)

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25
esophag/o
esophagus
26
gastr/o
stomach
27
gingiv/o
gums
28
gloss/o, lingu/o
tongue
29
hepat/o
liver
30
ile/o
ileum
31
jejun/0
jejunum
32
or/o
mouth
33
pancreat/o
pancreas
34
-algia
pain
35
peps/o
digestion
36
phag/o
swallowing, eating
37
proct/o, rect/o
rectum
38
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
39
abdominocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity (also called abdominal paracentesis)
40
aphagia
condition of without swallowing
41
dysentery
painful intestines
42
dyspepsia
condition of difficult digestion
43
dysphagia
condition of difficulty swallowing
44
esophageal
pertaining to the esophagus
45
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
46
gastrectomy
excision of the stomach
47
gastric
pertaining to the stomach
48
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
49
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
50
gastroenterologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines
51
gastroenterology
study of the stomach and intestines
52
gastroesophageal
pertaining to the stomach and esophagus
53
gastroscope
instrument used for visual examination of the stomach
54
gastroscopy
visual examination of the stomach
55
gastrostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the stomach
56
gingivalgia
pain in the gums
57
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
58
glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
59
laparoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity
60
laparoscopic
pertaining to visual examination of the abdominal cavity
61
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity
62
laparotomy
incision into the abdominal cavity
63
oral
pertaining to the mouth
64
sublingual
pertaining to under the tongue
65
anal
pertaining to the anus
66
appendectomy
excision of the appendix
67
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
68
cholecystectomy
excision of the gallbladder
69
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
70
cholelithiasis
condition of gallstones
71
colectomy
excision of the colon
72
colitis
inflammation of the colon
73
colonoscopy
visual examination of the colon
74
colostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the colon
75
CT colonography
radiographic imaging of the colon (using a CT scanner and software)
76
duodenal
pertaining to the duodenum
77
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
78
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
79
hepatoma
tumor of the liver
80
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
81
ileostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the ileum
82
jejunostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the jejunum
83
pancreatic
pertaining to the pancreas
84
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
85
proctoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the rectum
86
proctoscopy
visual examination of the rectum
87
rectal
pertaining to the rectum
88
rectocele
hernia of the rectum (also called posterior prolapse)
89
sigmoidoscopy
visual examination of the sigmoid colon
90
bariatric surgery
surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity, a condition that can cause serious illness
91
barium enema (BE)
diagnostic procedure in which a series of radiographic images are taken of the large intestine after the rectal administration of the contrast agent barium (also called lower GI series)
92
celiac disease
malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten which may damage the lining of the small intestine that is responsible for absorption of food into the bloodstream (also called gluten enteropathy)
93
cirrhosis
chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; commonly caused by alcoholism and certain types of viral hepatitis
94
constipation
infrequent or difficult evacuation of stool
95
Crohn disease
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon; characterized by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction
96
diarrhea
frequent discharge of liquid stool
97
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
endoscopic procedure involving radiographic imaging of the biliary ducts and pancreatic ducts
98
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
disorder characterized by the abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus
99
hemorrhoids
swollen or distended veins in the rectal area, which may be internal or external and can be a source of rectal bleeding and pain
100
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain
101
parenteral
pertaining to treatment other than through the digestive system
102
peptic ulcer
erosion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum associated with increased secretion of acid from the stomach, bacterial infection, or use of non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (often referred to as gastric or duodenal ulcer depending on its location)
103
polyp
tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane
104
stoma
surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body, such as the opening established in the abdominal wall by colostomy, ileostomy, or a similar operation
105
ulcerative colitis (UC)
disease characterized by inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers, which can cause bloody diarrhea
106
upper GI series (UGI series)
diagnostic procedure in which a series of radiographic images are taken of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after oral administration of the contrast agent barium
107
BE
barium enema
108
BM
bowel movement
109
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
110
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
111
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
112
GI
gastrointestinal
113
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
114
PEG
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
115
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
116
UC
ulcerative colitis
117
UGI series
upper GI series

Basic Medical Language (12 decks)

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