Chapter 1 Intro Flashcards
Greek and Latin
Terms built from Greek and Latin word parts such as arthritis
Eponyms
Terms named for a person or place - Alzheimer disease
Acronym
Terms formed from the first letters of the words in a phrase that can be spoken as a whole word and usually contain a vowel MRSA
Modern language
Terms derived from the English language such as nuclear medicine scanner
Word parts
Can be translated literally to find their meaning
Word root
Core of the term; fundamental meaning. All medical terms have one or more word roots
Suffix
Attached to the end of a word root and provides additional info; modifies the meaning. Not all medical terms have one
Prefix
Attached to the beginning of the word root and provides additional info; modifies meaning. Not all medical terms have a prefix
Combining vowel
Vowel, usually an o, placed between two word roots and between a word root and a suffix (if the suffix does not begin with a vowel); eases pronunciation
intra-
Within
ven
Vein
-ous
Pertaining to
oste
Bone
arthr
Joint
-itis
Inflammation
orth
Straight
ped
Child or foot
-ic
Pertaining to
oncology
Study of tumors
cell
Basic unit of all living things; the human body is composed of trillions of these that vary in size and shape according to function
tissue
Group of similar cells that perform a specific function
Organ
Two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body functions
System
Group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions
Muscle tissue
Composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement
Nerve tissue
Found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain; coordinates and controls body activities
Connective tissue
Connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures, forms bone, fat, cartilage, and blood
Epithelial tissue ( also called epithelium)
The major covering of the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs and is the major tissue in glands
Cranial cavity
Brain
Spinal cavity
Spinal cord
Thoracic cavity
Heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi
Abdominal cavity
Stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters.
Pelvic cavity
Urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestines, and rectum
Integumentary system
Skin, hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands; covers and protects body, regulates body temperature and helps manufacture vitamin D
Respiratory system
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs; exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and external environment
Urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra; removes waste material (urine), regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration
Reproductive system
Ovaries, uterus, uterine (fallopian) tubes, and vagina; testes, vas deferens, prostate gland, and penis; produces offspring, secretes hormones that produce feminine and masculine physical traits
Cardiovascular system
Heart and blood vessels; pumps and transports blood throughout the body
Lymphatic system
Lymph, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, and thymus; provides defense against infection and other diseases and drainage of extracellular fluid
Digestive system
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas; prepares food for use by the body’s cells and eliminates waste
Musculoskeletal system
Muscles, bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons; provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs, stores calcium, and products blood cells
Nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves; regulates specific body activities by sending and receiving messages
Endocrine system
Pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, and pancreas; secretes secretes hormones that regulate specific body activities
Carcin/o
Cancer
Cyt/o
Cells
epitheli/o
Epithelium,epithelial tissue
hist/o
Tissue(s)
lip/o
Fat, fat tissue
my/o
Muscle(s), muscle tissue
neur/o
Nerve(s), nerve tissue
onc/o
Tumor(s)
path/o
Disease
radi/o
X-rays (ionizing radiation)
sarc/o
Flesh, connective tissue
viscer/o
Internal organs
-al
Pertaining to
-genic
Producing, originating, causing
-logist
One who studies and treats (specialist, physicians)
-logy
Study of
-oid
Resembling
-oma
Tumor
-plasm
Growth (substance or formation)
-stasis
Control, stop
meta-
Beyond
neo-
New
Cytology
Study of cell(s)
Histology
Study of tissue(s)
Neuroma
Tumor composed of nerve tissue
myoma
Tumor composed of muscle tissue
Epithelioma
Tumor composed of epithelial tissue
Sarcoma
Tumor of connective tissue
benign
Nonrecurring
malignant
Tending to become progressively worse
lipoma
Tumor composed of fat
lipoid
Resembling fat
cytoid
Resembling a cell
visceral
Pertaining to internal organs
Epithelial
Pertaining to epithelium
pathologist
Physician who studies disease; studies cell, tissue, and organ specimens and performs autopsies to determine the presence and cause of disease
Pathogenic
Producing disease; adjective, describes a substance that produces disease
pathology (PATH)
Study of disease; branch of medicine focused on the study of the causes of disease and death
radiology
The branch of medicine concerned with the use of radiation to diagnose and treat diseases
Radiologist
Physician who interprets images generated by diagnostic imaging procedures and who performs treatments using imaging modalities
Neoplasm
A new growth which may also be called a tumor
carcinoma (CA)
Malignant new growth
carcinogenic
Describes a substance that produces cancer
metastasis (mets) pl. metastases
Indicates transfer of disease beyond the tissue or organ of origin
metastatic
Adjective used to describe a noun
Oncology
Study of tumors
Oncology
Physician who studies and treats tumors
carcinogenic
Producing cancer
Carcinoma (CA)
Cancerous tumor
Biopsy (Bx)
Removal of living tissue to be viewed under a microscope for diagnostic purposes
Chemotherapy (chemo)
Treatment of cancer by using pharmaceuticals
Diagnosis (Dx)
Identification of a disease
Infection
Invasion of pathogens in body tissue
Inflammation
Localized, protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
Malignant
Tending to become progressively worse possibly resulting in death
Prognosis (Px)
Prediction of a possible outcome of a disease
Radiation therapy (XRT)
Treatment of cancer with radioactive substances, x-rays, and other forms of radiation
Remission
Lessening or absence of signs of disease
Staphylococcus (staphylococci) (staph)
Bacterium that grows in a pattern resembling grapelike clusters and cause infections
Streptococcus (streptococci) (strep)
Bacterium that grows in a pattern resembling twisted chains and can cause infections
