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Basic Medical Language > Chapter 1 Intro > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Intro Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Greek and Latin

A

Terms built from Greek and Latin word parts such as arthritis

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2
Q

Eponyms

A

Terms named for a person or place - Alzheimer disease

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3
Q

Acronym

A

Terms formed from the first letters of the words in a phrase that can be spoken as a whole word and usually contain a vowel MRSA

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4
Q

Modern language

A

Terms derived from the English language such as nuclear medicine scanner

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5
Q

Word parts

A

Can be translated literally to find their meaning

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6
Q

Word root

A

Core of the term; fundamental meaning. All medical terms have one or more word roots

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7
Q

Suffix

A

Attached to the end of a word root and provides additional info; modifies the meaning. Not all medical terms have one

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8
Q

Prefix

A

Attached to the beginning of the word root and provides additional info; modifies meaning. Not all medical terms have a prefix

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9
Q

Combining vowel

A

Vowel, usually an o, placed between two word roots and between a word root and a suffix (if the suffix does not begin with a vowel); eases pronunciation

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10
Q

intra-

A

Within

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11
Q

ven

A

Vein

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12
Q

-ous

A

Pertaining to

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13
Q

oste

A

Bone

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14
Q

arthr

A

Joint

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15
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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16
Q

orth

A

Straight

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17
Q

ped

A

Child or foot

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18
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

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19
Q

oncology

A

Study of tumors

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20
Q

cell

A

Basic unit of all living things; the human body is composed of trillions of these that vary in size and shape according to function

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21
Q

tissue

A

Group of similar cells that perform a specific function

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22
Q

Organ

A

Two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body functions

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23
Q

System

A

Group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions

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24
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement

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25
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain; coordinates and controls body activities

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26
Q

Connective tissue

A

Connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures, forms bone, fat, cartilage, and blood

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27
Q

Epithelial tissue ( also called epithelium)

A

The major covering of the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs and is the major tissue in glands

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28
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Brain

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29
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Spinal cord

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30
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi

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31
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters.

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32
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestines, and rectum

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33
Q

Integumentary system

A

Skin, hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands; covers and protects body, regulates body temperature and helps manufacture vitamin D

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34
Q

Respiratory system

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs; exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and external environment

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35
Q

Urinary system

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra; removes waste material (urine), regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration

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36
Q

Reproductive system

A

Ovaries, uterus, uterine (fallopian) tubes, and vagina; testes, vas deferens, prostate gland, and penis; produces offspring, secretes hormones that produce feminine and masculine physical traits

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37
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Heart and blood vessels; pumps and transports blood throughout the body

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38
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Lymph, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, and thymus; provides defense against infection and other diseases and drainage of extracellular fluid

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39
Q

Digestive system

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas; prepares food for use by the body’s cells and eliminates waste

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40
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

Muscles, bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons; provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs, stores calcium, and products blood cells

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41
Q

Nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves; regulates specific body activities by sending and receiving messages

42
Q

Endocrine system

A

Pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, and pancreas; secretes secretes hormones that regulate specific body activities

43
Q

Carcin/o

A

Cancer

44
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cells

45
Q

epitheli/o

A

Epithelium,epithelial tissue

46
Q

hist/o

A

Tissue(s)

47
Q

lip/o

A

Fat, fat tissue

48
Q

my/o

A

Muscle(s), muscle tissue

49
Q

neur/o

A

Nerve(s), nerve tissue

50
Q

onc/o

A

Tumor(s)

51
Q

path/o

A

Disease

52
Q

radi/o

A

X-rays (ionizing radiation)

53
Q

sarc/o

A

Flesh, connective tissue

54
Q

viscer/o

A

Internal organs

55
Q

-al

A

Pertaining to

56
Q

-genic

A

Producing, originating, causing

57
Q

-logist

A

One who studies and treats (specialist, physicians)

58
Q

-logy

A

Study of

59
Q

-oid

A

Resembling

60
Q

-oma

A

Tumor

61
Q

-plasm

A

Growth (substance or formation)

62
Q

-stasis

A

Control, stop

63
Q

meta-

A

Beyond

64
Q

neo-

A

New

65
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cell(s)

66
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissue(s)

67
Q

Neuroma

A

Tumor composed of nerve tissue

68
Q

myoma

A

Tumor composed of muscle tissue

69
Q

Epithelioma

A

Tumor composed of epithelial tissue

70
Q

Sarcoma

A

Tumor of connective tissue

71
Q

benign

A

Nonrecurring

72
Q

malignant

A

Tending to become progressively worse

73
Q

lipoma

A

Tumor composed of fat

74
Q

lipoid

A

Resembling fat

75
Q

cytoid

A

Resembling a cell

76
Q

visceral

A

Pertaining to internal organs

77
Q

Epithelial

A

Pertaining to epithelium

78
Q

pathologist

A

Physician who studies disease; studies cell, tissue, and organ specimens and performs autopsies to determine the presence and cause of disease

79
Q

Pathogenic

A

Producing disease; adjective, describes a substance that produces disease

80
Q

pathology (PATH)

A

Study of disease; branch of medicine focused on the study of the causes of disease and death

81
Q

radiology

A

The branch of medicine concerned with the use of radiation to diagnose and treat diseases

82
Q

Radiologist

A

Physician who interprets images generated by diagnostic imaging procedures and who performs treatments using imaging modalities

83
Q

Neoplasm

A

A new growth which may also be called a tumor

84
Q

carcinoma (CA)

A

Malignant new growth

85
Q

carcinogenic

A

Describes a substance that produces cancer

86
Q

metastasis (mets) pl. metastases

A

Indicates transfer of disease beyond the tissue or organ of origin

87
Q

metastatic

A

Adjective used to describe a noun

88
Q

Oncology

A

Study of tumors

89
Q

Oncology

A

Physician who studies and treats tumors

90
Q

carcinogenic

A

Producing cancer

91
Q

Carcinoma (CA)

A

Cancerous tumor

92
Q

Biopsy (Bx)

A

Removal of living tissue to be viewed under a microscope for diagnostic purposes

93
Q

Chemotherapy (chemo)

A

Treatment of cancer by using pharmaceuticals

94
Q

Diagnosis (Dx)

A

Identification of a disease

95
Q

Infection

A

Invasion of pathogens in body tissue

96
Q

Inflammation

A

Localized, protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain

97
Q

Malignant

A

Tending to become progressively worse possibly resulting in death

98
Q

Prognosis (Px)

A

Prediction of a possible outcome of a disease

99
Q

Radiation therapy (XRT)

A

Treatment of cancer with radioactive substances, x-rays, and other forms of radiation

100
Q

Remission

A

Lessening or absence of signs of disease

101
Q

Staphylococcus (staphylococci) (staph)

A

Bacterium that grows in a pattern resembling grapelike clusters and cause infections

102
Q

Streptococcus (streptococci) (strep)

A

Bacterium that grows in a pattern resembling twisted chains and can cause infections

Basic Medical Language (12 decks)

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