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Basic Medical Language > Chapter 11 Nervous System & Behavioral Health > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Nervous System & Behavioral Health Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

brain

A

central organ of the nervous system contained within the cranium that coordinates body activities and processes sensory information transmitted through nerves. Sections include cerebellum, the cerebrum, and the brainstem

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2
Q

brainstem

A

stemlike portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord; contains centers that control respiration and heart rate. Three structures comprise this - midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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3
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

cerebellum

A

located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum; assists in the coordination of skeletal muscles to maintain balance

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5
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

clear, colorless fluid contained in ventricles; cushions brain and spinal cord from shock, transports nutrients and clears metabolic waste

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6
Q

cerebrum

A

largest portion of the brain; divided into left and right hemispheres

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7
Q

meninges

A

three layers of membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. the dura mater is the tough outer layer, the arachnoid is the delicate, weblike, middle layer, and the pia mater is the thin inner layer

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8
Q

nerve

A

cordlike structure made up of fibers that carries impulses from one part of the body to another

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9
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

system of nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

spinal cord

A

tubelike bundle of nerve tissue extending from the brainstem to the lower portion of the spine; conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain.

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11
Q

ventricles

A

spaces within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid

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12
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum, brain

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13
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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14
Q

mening/o, meningi/o

A

meninges

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15
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

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16
Q

phas/o

A

speech

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17
Q

-us

A

no meaning

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18
Q

hemi-

A

half

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19
Q

pleg/o

A

paralysis

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20
Q

poli/o

A

gray matter

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21
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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22
Q

quadr/i

A

four

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23
Q

micro-

A

small

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24
Q

cerebral

A

pertaining to the cerebrum

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25
Q

cerebral angiography

A

radiographic imaging of the blood vessels of the cerebrum

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26
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A

abnormal condition of a blood clot in the cerebrum

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27
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

record of electrical activity of the brain

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28
Q

electroencephalograph

A

instrument used to record electrical activity of the brain

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29
Q

electroencephalography

A

process of recording the electrical activity of the brain

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30
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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31
Q

encephalopathy

A

disease of the brain

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32
Q

neural

A

pertaining to the nerve(s)

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33
Q

neuralgia

A

pain in the nerve(s)

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34
Q

neurologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the nervous system

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35
Q

neurology

A

study of the nerves

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36
Q

neuropathy

A

disease of the nerves

37
Q

polyarthritis

A

inflammation of many joints

38
Q

polymyalgia

A

pain in many muscles

39
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation of many nerves

40
Q

aphasia

A

condition of without speech (or loss of the ability to speak)

41
Q

cephalgia

A

pain in the head (also called headache)

42
Q

dysphasia

A

condition of difficulty with speech

43
Q

hemiplegia

A

condition of paralysis of half (of the body)

44
Q

hydrocephalus

A

water in the head (increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain)

45
Q

meningioma

A

tumor of the meninges

46
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

47
Q

meningocele

A

hernia of the meninges

48
Q

meningomyelitis

A

inflammation of the meninges and the spinal cord

49
Q

microcephalus

A

small head (also called microcephaly)

50
Q

myelogram

A

radiographic image of the spinal cord

51
Q

myelography

A

radiographic imaging of the spinal cord

52
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

53
Q

psychogenic

A

originating in the mind

54
Q

psychologist

A

specialist who studies and treats the mind

55
Q

psychology

A

study of the mind

56
Q

psychopathy

A

(any) disease of the mind

57
Q

psychosis

A

abnormal condition of the mind (major mental disorder characterized by extreme derangement, often with delusions and hallucinations)

58
Q

quadriplegia

A

condition of paralysis of four (limbs)

59
Q

Alzheimer disease (AD)

A

type of dementia caused by degeneration of brain tissue and occurring more frequently after age 65. The brain shrinks dramatically as nerve cells die and tissues atrophy. The disease is slowly progressive and usually results in profound dementia in 5 to 10 years. A prominent feature of AD is the inability to remember the recent past, while memories of the distant past remain intact.

60
Q

anxiety disorder

A

disorder characterized by feelings of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness arising typically from the anticipation of unreal or imagined danger

61
Q

bipolar disorder

A

major psychological disorder typified by a disturbance in mood. The disorder is manifested by manic (elevated or irritated mood, excessive energy, impulsiveness) and depressive episodes that may alternate or elements of both may occur simultaneously

62
Q

concussion

A

injury to the brain caused by major or minor head trauma; symptoms include vertigo, headache, and possible loss of consciousness

63
Q

dementia

A

cognitive impairment characterized by loss of intellectual brain function. Patients have difficulty in various ways, including difficulty in performing complex tasks, reasoning, learning, and retaining new information, orientation, word finding, and behavior. Has several causes and is not considered part of normal aging.

64
Q

depression

A

mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, discouragement, hopelessness, lack of joy, altered sleep patterns, and difficulty with decision making and daily function. Ranges from normal feelings of sadness through dysthymia (mild depression), to major depression

65
Q

epidural nerve block

A

procedure performed for spine-related pain, or for pain from other causes such as childbirth and labor, by injection of anesthetic agent into the epidural space. injection may be between the vertebral spines, in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar region

66
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

diagnostic procedure performed by insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae; performed for many reasons, including the removal of cerebrospinal fluid (also called spinal tap)

67
Q

migraine

A

an intense, throbbing headache, usually one-sided and often associated with irritability, nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light or sound. May occur with or without aura (sensory warning symptoms such as flashes of light, blind spots, or tingling in the arms or legs)

68
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

chronic degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord; signs and symptoms fluctuate over the course of the disease; more common symptoms include fatigue, balance, and coordination impairments, numbness, and vision problems.

69
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord

70
Q

Parkinson disease (PD)

A

chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system; symptoms include resting tremors of the hands and feet, rigidity, expressionless face, shuffling gait, and eventually dementia. It usually occurs after the age of 50 years.

71
Q

psychiatrist

A

physician with additional training and experience in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders; can prescribe medications and direct therapy

72
Q

sciatica

A

inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the buttock through the leg to the foot and toes; can be caused by injury, infection, arthritis, herniated disk, or from prolonged pressure on the nerve from sitting for long periods

73
Q

seizure

A

sudden, abnormal surge of electrical activity in the brain, resulting in involuntary body movements or behaviors

74
Q

stroke

A

interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients ( also called cerebrovascular accident CVA)

75
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

A

bleeding between the pia mater and arachnoid layers of the meninges (subarachnoid space) caused by a ruptured blood vessel (usually a ruptured cerebral aneurysm) The patient may experience an intense sudden headache accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and neck pain. SAH is a critical condition which must be recognized and treated immediately to prevent permanent brain damage or death.

76
Q

syncope

A

fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum

77
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time. The symptoms may be similar to those of stroke, but are temporary and the usual outcome is complete recovery. TIAs are often warning signs for eventual occurrence of a stroke.

78
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer disease

79
Q

ADL, ADLs

A

activities of daily living (such as personal hygiene, dressing, eating, ability to use the restroom, and transferring to and from a standing position)

80
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

81
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

82
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

83
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

84
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

85
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

86
Q

PD

A

Parkinson disease

87
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

88
Q

SAH

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

89
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

Basic Medical Language (12 decks)

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