Chapter 11 Nervous System & Behavioral Health Flashcards
1
Q
brain
A
central organ of the nervous system contained within the cranium that coordinates body activities and processes sensory information transmitted through nerves. Sections include cerebellum, the cerebrum, and the brainstem
2
Q
brainstem
A
stemlike portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord; contains centers that control respiration and heart rate. Three structures comprise this - midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
3
Q
central nervous system (CNS)
A
brain and spinal cord
4
Q
cerebellum
A
located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum; assists in the coordination of skeletal muscles to maintain balance
5
Q
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
A
clear, colorless fluid contained in ventricles; cushions brain and spinal cord from shock, transports nutrients and clears metabolic waste
6
Q
cerebrum
A
largest portion of the brain; divided into left and right hemispheres
7
Q
meninges
A
three layers of membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. the dura mater is the tough outer layer, the arachnoid is the delicate, weblike, middle layer, and the pia mater is the thin inner layer
8
Q
nerve
A
cordlike structure made up of fibers that carries impulses from one part of the body to another
9
Q
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
A
system of nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord
10
Q
spinal cord
A
tubelike bundle of nerve tissue extending from the brainstem to the lower portion of the spine; conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain.
11
Q
ventricles
A
spaces within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid
12
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum, brain
13
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
14
Q
mening/o, meningi/o
A
meninges
15
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord
16
Q
phas/o
A
speech
17
Q
-us
A
no meaning
18
Q
hemi-
A
half
19
Q
pleg/o
A
paralysis
20
Q
poli/o
A
gray matter
21
Q
psych/o
A
mind
22
Q
quadr/i
A
four
23
Q
micro-
A
small
24
Q
cerebral
A
pertaining to the cerebrum
25
cerebral angiography
radiographic imaging of the blood vessels of the cerebrum
26
cerebral thrombosis
abnormal condition of a blood clot in the cerebrum
27
electroencephalogram (EEG)
record of electrical activity of the brain
28
electroencephalograph
instrument used to record electrical activity of the brain
29
electroencephalography
process of recording the electrical activity of the brain
30
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
31
encephalopathy
disease of the brain
32
neural
pertaining to the nerve(s)
33
neuralgia
pain in the nerve(s)
34
neurologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the nervous system
35
neurology
study of the nerves
36
neuropathy
disease of the nerves
37
polyarthritis
inflammation of many joints
38
polymyalgia
pain in many muscles
39
polyneuritis
inflammation of many nerves
40
aphasia
condition of without speech (or loss of the ability to speak)
41
cephalgia
pain in the head (also called headache)
42
dysphasia
condition of difficulty with speech
43
hemiplegia
condition of paralysis of half (of the body)
44
hydrocephalus
water in the head (increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain)
45
meningioma
tumor of the meninges
46
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
47
meningocele
hernia of the meninges
48
meningomyelitis
inflammation of the meninges and the spinal cord
49
microcephalus
small head (also called microcephaly)
50
myelogram
radiographic image of the spinal cord
51
myelography
radiographic imaging of the spinal cord
52
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
53
psychogenic
originating in the mind
54
psychologist
specialist who studies and treats the mind
55
psychology
study of the mind
56
psychopathy
(any) disease of the mind
57
psychosis
abnormal condition of the mind (major mental disorder characterized by extreme derangement, often with delusions and hallucinations)
58
quadriplegia
condition of paralysis of four (limbs)
59
Alzheimer disease (AD)
type of dementia caused by degeneration of brain tissue and occurring more frequently after age 65. The brain shrinks dramatically as nerve cells die and tissues atrophy. The disease is slowly progressive and usually results in profound dementia in 5 to 10 years. A prominent feature of AD is the inability to remember the recent past, while memories of the distant past remain intact.
60
anxiety disorder
disorder characterized by feelings of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness arising typically from the anticipation of unreal or imagined danger
61
bipolar disorder
major psychological disorder typified by a disturbance in mood. The disorder is manifested by manic (elevated or irritated mood, excessive energy, impulsiveness) and depressive episodes that may alternate or elements of both may occur simultaneously
62
concussion
injury to the brain caused by major or minor head trauma; symptoms include vertigo, headache, and possible loss of consciousness
63
dementia
cognitive impairment characterized by loss of intellectual brain function. Patients have difficulty in various ways, including difficulty in performing complex tasks, reasoning, learning, and retaining new information, orientation, word finding, and behavior. Has several causes and is not considered part of normal aging.
64
depression
mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, discouragement, hopelessness, lack of joy, altered sleep patterns, and difficulty with decision making and daily function. Ranges from normal feelings of sadness through dysthymia (mild depression), to major depression
65
epidural nerve block
procedure performed for spine-related pain, or for pain from other causes such as childbirth and labor, by injection of anesthetic agent into the epidural space. injection may be between the vertebral spines, in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar region
66
lumbar puncture (LP)
diagnostic procedure performed by insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae; performed for many reasons, including the removal of cerebrospinal fluid (also called spinal tap)
67
migraine
an intense, throbbing headache, usually one-sided and often associated with irritability, nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light or sound. May occur with or without aura (sensory warning symptoms such as flashes of light, blind spots, or tingling in the arms or legs)
68
multiple sclerosis (MS)
chronic degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord; signs and symptoms fluctuate over the course of the disease; more common symptoms include fatigue, balance, and coordination impairments, numbness, and vision problems.
69
paraplegia
paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord
70
Parkinson disease (PD)
chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system; symptoms include resting tremors of the hands and feet, rigidity, expressionless face, shuffling gait, and eventually dementia. It usually occurs after the age of 50 years.
71
psychiatrist
physician with additional training and experience in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders; can prescribe medications and direct therapy
72
sciatica
inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the buttock through the leg to the foot and toes; can be caused by injury, infection, arthritis, herniated disk, or from prolonged pressure on the nerve from sitting for long periods
73
seizure
sudden, abnormal surge of electrical activity in the brain, resulting in involuntary body movements or behaviors
74
stroke
interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients ( also called cerebrovascular accident CVA)
75
subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
bleeding between the pia mater and arachnoid layers of the meninges (subarachnoid space) caused by a ruptured blood vessel (usually a ruptured cerebral aneurysm) The patient may experience an intense sudden headache accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and neck pain. SAH is a critical condition which must be recognized and treated immediately to prevent permanent brain damage or death.
76
syncope
fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum
77
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time. The symptoms may be similar to those of stroke, but are temporary and the usual outcome is complete recovery. TIAs are often warning signs for eventual occurrence of a stroke.
78
AD
Alzheimer disease
79
ADL, ADLs
activities of daily living (such as personal hygiene, dressing, eating, ability to use the restroom, and transferring to and from a standing position)
80
CNS
central nervous system
81
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
82
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
83
EEG
electroencephalogram
84
LP
lumbar puncture
85
MS
multiple sclerosis
86
PD
Parkinson disease
87
PNS
peripheral nervous system
88
SAH
subarachnoid hemorrhage
89
TIA
transient ischemic attack
