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Basic Medical Language > Chapter 10 Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bone

A

organ made up of hard connective tissue with a dense outer layer and spongy inner layer

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2
Q

bone marrow

A

material found in cavities of bones; red marrow is responsible for blood cell formation, yellow marrow serves as a storehouse for fat

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3
Q

bursa (pl. bursae)

A

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

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4
Q

cartilage

A

firm connective tissue primarily found in joints, covers the contacting surfaces of bones

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5
Q

joint

A

structure forming the union between bones and often allowing for movement

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6
Q

ligament

A

flexible, tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach one bone to another at a joint

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7
Q

muscle

A

tissue composed of specialized cells with the ability to contract to produce movement

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8
Q

tendon

A

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

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9
Q

arthr/o

A

joint(s)

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10
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

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11
Q

carp/o

A

carpals, wrist (bone)

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12
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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13
Q

cost/o

A

rib(s)

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14
Q

crani/o

A

skull (cranium)

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15
Q

femor/o

A

femur (upper leg bone)

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16
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (upper, wing shaped part on each side of the pelvis)

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17
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium (lower, posterior portion of the pelvis on which one sits)

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18
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement, motion

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19
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

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20
Q

-desis

A

surgical fixation, fusion

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21
Q

inter-

A

between

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22
Q

kyph/o

A

hump (thoracic spine)

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23
Q

lord/o

A

bent forward (lumbar spine)

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24
Q

necr/o

A

death

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25
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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26
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanx (pl. phalanges) (any bone of the fingers or toes)

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27
Q

pub/o

A

pubis (anterior portion of the pelvis)

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28
Q

rachi/o, spondyl/o, vertebr/o

A

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

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29
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, curved (spine)

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30
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breast bone)

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31
Q

ten/o, tendin/o

A

tendon

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32
Q

troph/o

A

development

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33
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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34
Q

-schisis

A

split, fissure

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35
Q

atrophy

A

without development (process of wasting away)

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36
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow movement

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37
Q

bursectomy

A

excision of the bursa

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38
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

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39
Q

bursotomy

A

incision into the bursa

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40
Q

carpal

A

pertaining to the wrist

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41
Q

carpetcomy

A

excision of a wrist (bone)

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42
Q

dyskinesia

A

painful movement

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43
Q

dystrophy

A

abnormal development

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44
Q

electromyogram (EMG)

A

record of the electrical activity of the muscle

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45
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the femur

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46
Q

hypertrophic

A

pertaining to excessive development

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47
Q

hypertrophy

A

excessive development

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48
Q

iliac

A

pertaining to the ilium

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49
Q

iliofemoral

A

pertaining to the ilium and femur

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50
Q

intervertebral

A

pertaining to between the vertebrae

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51
Q

ischial

A

pertaining to the ischium

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52
Q

ischiopubic

A

pertaining to the ischium and pubis

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53
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal condition of a hump (thoracic spine)

54
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal condition of bent forward (lumbar spine)

55
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

56
Q

myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

57
Q

phalangeal

A

pertaining to a phalanx (any bone of the fingers or toes)

58
Q

phalangectomy

A

excision of a phalanx

59
Q

rachiotomy

A

incision in to the vertebral column

60
Q

rachischisis

A

fissure of the vertebral column

61
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal condition of crooked, curved (spine)

62
Q

spondylarthritis

A

inflammation of the vertebral joints

63
Q

vertebral

A

pertaining to the vertebra(e)

64
Q

vertebrectomy

A

excision of the vertebra

65
Q

vertebroplasty

A

surgical repair of the vertebra

66
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in the joint

67
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of the joint(s)

68
Q

arthrocentesis

A

surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid

69
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fixation (fusion) of a joint

70
Q

arthrogram

A

radiographic image of a joint

71
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair of a joint

72
Q

arthroscopic

A

pertaining to visual examination of a joint

73
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of a joint

74
Q

chondrectomy

A

excision of cartilage

75
Q

chondritis

A

inflammation of cartilage

76
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage

77
Q

costochondral

A

pertaining to the ribs and cartilage

78
Q

craniomalacia

A

softening of the skull

79
Q

cranioschisis

A

fissure of the skull

80
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into the skull

81
Q

intercostal

A

pertaining to between the ribs

82
Q

intracranial

A

pertaining to within the skull

83
Q

necrosis

A

abnormal condition of death

84
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)

A

inflammation of the bone(s) and the joint(s)

85
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of the bone and cartilage

86
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bone

87
Q

osteonecrosis

A

abnormal condition of death of bone (tissue)

88
Q

osteopathy

A

disease of the bone

89
Q

osteopenia

A

abnormal reduction of bone mass

90
Q

osteosarcoma

A

tumor of the bone and the connective tissue

91
Q

sternal

A

pertaining to the sternum

92
Q

sternocostal

A

pertaining to the sternum and the rib(s)

93
Q

subcostal

A

pertaining to below the ribs

94
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of the tendon(s)

95
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical fixation (fusion) of a tendon

96
Q

tenoplasty

A

surgical repair of a tendon

97
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve. Symptoms include pain, tingling, and numbness in portions of the hand and fingers

98
Q

chiropractic

A

system of treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column

99
Q

fracture (Fx)

A

broken bone

100
Q

gout

A

disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium rate crystals to be deposited in the joints, especially that of the great toe, producing arthritis

101
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of an organ or structure through an abnormal opening. often occur due to weakness of the muscles or ligaments in the surrounding area

102
Q

herniated disk

A

rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots

103
Q

Lyme disease

A

immune response caused by a bite from a deer tick infected with Borrelia burgdorferi; causes symptoms including fever, headache, and joint pain, and mimics other musculoskeletal diseases. A rash (target lesion) may initially arise at the site of the tick bite.

104
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

diagnostic imaging test producing scans that give information about the body’s anatomy by placing the patient in a strong magnetic field

105
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

106
Q

nuclear medicine (NM)

A

diagnostic imaging test producing scans that give information about the body’s anatomy and function by using radioactive material. also used to treat various medical conditions

107
Q

orthopedics (ortho)

A

study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system

108
Q

orthopedist

A

physician who specializes in the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system

109
Q

osteoporosis

A

diseases caused by abnormal loss of bone density occurring predominantly in postmenopausal women, which can lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, and wrists

110
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the connective tissue of the sole of the foot; common cause of heel pain

111
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body

112
Q

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots. Symptoms include pain, numbness, and tingling in the thigh which radiates to lower extremities

113
Q

C1-C7

A

cervical vertebrae

114
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

115
Q

DC

A

doctor of chiropractic

116
Q

DO

A

doctor of osteopathy

117
Q

EMG

A

electromyogram

118
Q

Fx

A

fracture

119
Q

L1-L5

A

lumbar vertebrae

120
Q

MD

A

muscular dystrophy

121
Q

MR

A

magnetic resonance

122
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

123
Q

NM

A

nuclear medicine

124
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

125
Q

ortho

A

orthopedics

126
Q

OT

A

occupational therapy

127
Q

PT

A

physical therapy

128
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

129
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

130
Q

T1-T12

A

thoracic vertebrae

131
Q

THA

A

total hip arthroplasty

132
Q

TKA

A

total knee arthroplasty

Basic Medical Language (12 decks)

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