Chapter 10 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
bone
A
organ made up of hard connective tissue with a dense outer layer and spongy inner layer
2
Q
bone marrow
A
material found in cavities of bones; red marrow is responsible for blood cell formation, yellow marrow serves as a storehouse for fat
3
Q
bursa (pl. bursae)
A
fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
4
Q
cartilage
A
firm connective tissue primarily found in joints, covers the contacting surfaces of bones
5
Q
joint
A
structure forming the union between bones and often allowing for movement
6
Q
ligament
A
flexible, tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach one bone to another at a joint
7
Q
muscle
A
tissue composed of specialized cells with the ability to contract to produce movement
8
Q
tendon
A
band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
9
Q
arthr/o
A
joint(s)
10
Q
burs/o
A
bursa
11
Q
carp/o
A
carpals, wrist (bone)
12
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage
13
Q
cost/o
A
rib(s)
14
Q
crani/o
A
skull (cranium)
15
Q
femor/o
A
femur (upper leg bone)
16
Q
ili/o
A
ilium (upper, wing shaped part on each side of the pelvis)
17
Q
ischi/o
A
ischium (lower, posterior portion of the pelvis on which one sits)
18
Q
kinesi/o
A
movement, motion
19
Q
-asthenia
A
weakness
20
Q
-desis
A
surgical fixation, fusion
21
Q
inter-
A
between
22
Q
kyph/o
A
hump (thoracic spine)
23
Q
lord/o
A
bent forward (lumbar spine)
24
Q
necr/o
A
death
25
oste/o
bone
26
phalang/o
phalanx (pl. phalanges) (any bone of the fingers or toes)
27
pub/o
pubis (anterior portion of the pelvis)
28
rachi/o, spondyl/o, vertebr/o
vertebra, spine, vertebral column
29
scoli/o
crooked, curved (spine)
30
stern/o
sternum (breast bone)
31
ten/o, tendin/o
tendon
32
troph/o
development
33
-malacia
softening
34
-schisis
split, fissure
35
atrophy
without development (process of wasting away)
36
bradykinesia
slow movement
37
bursectomy
excision of the bursa
38
bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
39
bursotomy
incision into the bursa
40
carpal
pertaining to the wrist
41
carpetcomy
excision of a wrist (bone)
42
dyskinesia
painful movement
43
dystrophy
abnormal development
44
electromyogram (EMG)
record of the electrical activity of the muscle
45
femoral
pertaining to the femur
46
hypertrophic
pertaining to excessive development
47
hypertrophy
excessive development
48
iliac
pertaining to the ilium
49
iliofemoral
pertaining to the ilium and femur
50
intervertebral
pertaining to between the vertebrae
51
ischial
pertaining to the ischium
52
ischiopubic
pertaining to the ischium and pubis
53
kyphosis
abnormal condition of a hump (thoracic spine)
54
lordosis
abnormal condition of bent forward (lumbar spine)
55
myalgia
muscle pain
56
myasthenia
muscle weakness
57
phalangeal
pertaining to a phalanx (any bone of the fingers or toes)
58
phalangectomy
excision of a phalanx
59
rachiotomy
incision in to the vertebral column
60
rachischisis
fissure of the vertebral column
61
scoliosis
abnormal condition of crooked, curved (spine)
62
spondylarthritis
inflammation of the vertebral joints
63
vertebral
pertaining to the vertebra(e)
64
vertebrectomy
excision of the vertebra
65
vertebroplasty
surgical repair of the vertebra
66
arthralgia
pain in the joint
67
arthritis
inflammation of the joint(s)
68
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid
69
arthrodesis
surgical fixation (fusion) of a joint
70
arthrogram
radiographic image of a joint
71
arthroplasty
surgical repair of a joint
72
arthroscopic
pertaining to visual examination of a joint
73
arthroscopy
visual examination of a joint
74
chondrectomy
excision of cartilage
75
chondritis
inflammation of cartilage
76
chondromalacia
softening of cartilage
77
costochondral
pertaining to the ribs and cartilage
78
craniomalacia
softening of the skull
79
cranioschisis
fissure of the skull
80
craniotomy
incision into the skull
81
intercostal
pertaining to between the ribs
82
intracranial
pertaining to within the skull
83
necrosis
abnormal condition of death
84
osteoarthritis (OA)
inflammation of the bone(s) and the joint(s)
85
osteochondritis
inflammation of the bone and cartilage
86
osteomalacia
softening of the bone
87
osteonecrosis
abnormal condition of death of bone (tissue)
88
osteopathy
disease of the bone
89
osteopenia
abnormal reduction of bone mass
90
osteosarcoma
tumor of the bone and the connective tissue
91
sternal
pertaining to the sternum
92
sternocostal
pertaining to the sternum and the rib(s)
93
subcostal
pertaining to below the ribs
94
tendinitis
inflammation of the tendon(s)
95
tenodesis
surgical fixation (fusion) of a tendon
96
tenoplasty
surgical repair of a tendon
97
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve. Symptoms include pain, tingling, and numbness in portions of the hand and fingers
98
chiropractic
system of treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column
99
fracture (Fx)
broken bone
100
gout
disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium rate crystals to be deposited in the joints, especially that of the great toe, producing arthritis
101
hernia
protrusion of an organ or structure through an abnormal opening. often occur due to weakness of the muscles or ligaments in the surrounding area
102
herniated disk
rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots
103
Lyme disease
immune response caused by a bite from a deer tick infected with Borrelia burgdorferi; causes symptoms including fever, headache, and joint pain, and mimics other musculoskeletal diseases. A rash (target lesion) may initially arise at the site of the tick bite.
104
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
diagnostic imaging test producing scans that give information about the body's anatomy by placing the patient in a strong magnetic field
105
muscular dystrophy (MD)
group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness
106
nuclear medicine (NM)
diagnostic imaging test producing scans that give information about the body's anatomy and function by using radioactive material. also used to treat various medical conditions
107
orthopedics (ortho)
study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system
108
orthopedist
physician who specializes in the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system
109
osteoporosis
diseases caused by abnormal loss of bone density occurring predominantly in postmenopausal women, which can lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, and wrists
110
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the connective tissue of the sole of the foot; common cause of heel pain
111
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body
112
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots. Symptoms include pain, numbness, and tingling in the thigh which radiates to lower extremities
113
C1-C7
cervical vertebrae
114
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
115
DC
doctor of chiropractic
116
DO
doctor of osteopathy
117
EMG
electromyogram
118
Fx
fracture
119
L1-L5
lumbar vertebrae
120
MD
muscular dystrophy
121
MR
magnetic resonance
122
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
123
NM
nuclear medicine
124
OA
osteoarthritis
125
ortho
orthopedics
126
OT
occupational therapy
127
PT
physical therapy
128
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
129
ROM
range of motion
130
T1-T12
thoracic vertebrae
131
THA
total hip arthroplasty
132
TKA
total knee arthroplasty
