Chapter 4 Respiratory System Flashcards
alveoli (s. alveolus)
air sacs at the smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree; oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries that surround them
bronchus (pl. bronchi)
one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branchings resemble a tree; therefore they are referred to as a bronchial tree
larynx
location of vocal cords; air enters from the pharynx; (also called the voice box)
lungs
two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right has three lobes and the left has two lobes
nose
lined with mucous membranes and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm air
pharynx
serves as food and air passageway; air enters from the nasal cavities and/or mouth and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus (also called the throat)
sinuses
air cavities within the cranial bones; membrane lining the air cavities produces mucus, which drains into the nasal passages; (also called paranasal sinuses)
thorax
chest; the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by the ribs. The thoracic cavity is the hollow space between the neck and diaphragm
trachea
passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx; (also called windpipe)
bronch/o
bronchus (s.), bronchi (pl)
capn/o
carbon dioxide
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
muc/o
mucus
nas/o
nose
ox/i
oxygen
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
pneum/o
lung, air
pneumon/o
lung, air
pulmon/o
lung
rhin/o
nose
sinus/o
sinus (s.), sinuses (pl.)
somn/o
sleep
spir/o
breathe, breathing
thorac/o
chest, chest cavity
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
-ary, -eal
pertaining to
-centesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid (with a sterile needle)
-ectomy
surgical removal, excision
-gram
record, radiographic image
-graphy
process of recording, radiographic imaging
-ia
diseased state, condition of
-meter
instrument used to measure
-pnea
breathing
-rrhagia
rapid flow of blood, excessive bleeding
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-scope
instrument used for visual examination
-scopic
pertaining to visual examination
-scopy
visual examination
-stomy
creation of an artificial opening
-thorax
chest, chest cavity
-tomy
cut into, incision
a-, an-
absence of, without
dys-
difficult, painful, abnormal
endo-
within
hyper-
above, excessive
poly-
many, much
apnea
absence of breathing
capnometer
instrument used to measure carbon dioxide
dyspnea
difficult breathing
hypercapnia
condition of excessive carbon dioxide
hyperoxia
condition of excessive oxygen
hyperpnea
excessive breathing
hypocapnia
condition of deficient carbon dioxide
hypopnea
deficient breathing
hypoxia
condition of deficient oxygen
laryngeal
pertaining to the larynx
laryngectomy
excision of the larynx
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
laryngoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the larynx
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx
mucous
pertaining to the mucus
nasal
pertaining to the nose
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
oximeter
instrument used to measure oxygen
pharyngeal
pertaining to the pharynx
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose (nasal membranes)
rhinorrhagia
rapid flow of blood from the nose
rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinus (membranes)
sinusotomy
incision of the sinus
spirometer
instrument used to measure breathing (lung volume)
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
bronchopneumonia
diseased state of the bronchi and lungs
bronchoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi
endoscope
instrument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or cavity)
endoscopic
pertaining to visual examination within (a hollow organ or cavity)
endoscopy
visual examination within (a hollow organ or cavity)
endotracheal (ET)
pertaining to within the trachea
pneumonectomy
excision of a lung
pneumonia
diseased state of the lungs
pneumothorax
air in the chest cavity
polysomnography (PSG)
process of recording many (tests) during sleep (also called sleep study)
polysomnogram
record of many sleep tests
pulmonary
pertaining to the lung
pulmonologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung
pulmonology
study of the lung
thoracentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest cavity
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
thoracoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the chest cavity
thoracoscopic
pertaining to visual examination of the chest cavity
thoracoscopy
visual examination of the chest cavity
thoracotomy
incision into the chest cavity
tracheostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the trachea
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
asthma
respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath; caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
progressive lung disease blocking air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are two main components. Mostly a result of cigarette smoking
computed tomography (CT)
diagnostic imaging test producing scans composed from sectional radiographic images, which can be taken in any of the anatomic planes for a multidimensional view of internal structures.
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
laboratory test performed on a collected sample to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria or fungi and to identify the most effective antimicrobial treatment. The test may be performed on sputum, throat cultures, blood, urine, and other fluids. Sputum culture and sensitivity tests are frequently used in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia
emphysema
loss of elasticity of the alveoli results in distention, causing stretching of the lung. As a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen (Component of COPD)
influenza (flu)
highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to short absences of breathing (apnea); can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure
radiograph
image created by ionizing radiation (also called an x-ray)
sputum
mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth
tuberculosis (TB)
infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs (may spread to other organs)
upper respiratory infection (URI)
infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx, usually caused by a virus; (commonly called a cold)
ABGs
arterial blood gasses
CO2
carbon dioxide
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
C&S
culture and sensitivity
CT
computed tomography
CXR
chest x-ray
ET
endotracheal
flu
influenza
O2
oxygen
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
PFTs
pulmonary function tests
PSG
polysomnography
RT
respiratory therapist
SOB
shortness of breath
TB
tuberculosis
URI
upper respiratory infection
V/Q scan
lung ventilation/perfusion scan
