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Basic Medical Language > Chapter 4 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alveoli (s. alveolus)

A

air sacs at the smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree; oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries that surround them

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2
Q

bronchus (pl. bronchi)

A

one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branchings resemble a tree; therefore they are referred to as a bronchial tree

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3
Q

larynx

A

location of vocal cords; air enters from the pharynx; (also called the voice box)

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4
Q

lungs

A

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right has three lobes and the left has two lobes

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5
Q

nose

A

lined with mucous membranes and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm air

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6
Q

pharynx

A

serves as food and air passageway; air enters from the nasal cavities and/or mouth and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus (also called the throat)

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7
Q

sinuses

A

air cavities within the cranial bones; membrane lining the air cavities produces mucus, which drains into the nasal passages; (also called paranasal sinuses)

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8
Q

thorax

A

chest; the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by the ribs. The thoracic cavity is the hollow space between the neck and diaphragm

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9
Q

trachea

A

passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx; (also called windpipe)

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10
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchus (s.), bronchi (pl)

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11
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

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12
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx (voice box)

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13
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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14
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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15
Q

ox/i

A

oxygen

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16
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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17
Q

pneum/o

A

lung, air

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18
Q

pneumon/o

A

lung, air

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19
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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20
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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21
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus (s.), sinuses (pl.)

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22
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

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23
Q

spir/o

A

breathe, breathing

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24
Q

thorac/o

A

chest, chest cavity

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25
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

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26
Q

-ary, -eal

A

pertaining to

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27
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid (with a sterile needle)

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28
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal, excision

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29
Q

-gram

A

record, radiographic image

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30
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording, radiographic imaging

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31
Q

-ia

A

diseased state, condition of

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32
Q

-meter

A

instrument used to measure

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33
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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34
Q

-rrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood, excessive bleeding

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35
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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36
Q

-scope

A

instrument used for visual examination

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37
Q

-scopic

A

pertaining to visual examination

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38
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

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39
Q

-stomy

A

creation of an artificial opening

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40
Q

-thorax

A

chest, chest cavity

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41
Q

-tomy

A

cut into, incision

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42
Q

a-, an-

A

absence of, without

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43
Q

dys-

A

difficult, painful, abnormal

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44
Q

endo-

A

within

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45
Q

hyper-

A

above, excessive

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46
Q

poly-

A

many, much

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47
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing

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48
Q

capnometer

A

instrument used to measure carbon dioxide

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49
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

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50
Q

hypercapnia

A

condition of excessive carbon dioxide

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51
Q

hyperoxia

A

condition of excessive oxygen

52
Q

hyperpnea

A

excessive breathing

53
Q

hypocapnia

A

condition of deficient carbon dioxide

54
Q

hypopnea

A

deficient breathing

55
Q

hypoxia

A

condition of deficient oxygen

56
Q

laryngeal

A

pertaining to the larynx

57
Q

laryngectomy

A

excision of the larynx

58
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

59
Q

laryngoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

60
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the larynx

61
Q

mucous

A

pertaining to the mucus

62
Q

nasal

A

pertaining to the nose

63
Q

nasopharyngitis

A

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

64
Q

oximeter

A

instrument used to measure oxygen

65
Q

pharyngeal

A

pertaining to the pharynx

66
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

67
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose (nasal membranes)

68
Q

rhinorrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood from the nose

69
Q

rhinorrhea

A

discharge from the nose

70
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinus (membranes)

71
Q

sinusotomy

A

incision of the sinus

72
Q

spirometer

A

instrument used to measure breathing (lung volume)

73
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

74
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs

75
Q

bronchoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

76
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi

77
Q

endoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or cavity)

78
Q

endoscopic

A

pertaining to visual examination within (a hollow organ or cavity)

79
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination within (a hollow organ or cavity)

80
Q

endotracheal (ET)

A

pertaining to within the trachea

81
Q

pneumonectomy

A

excision of a lung

82
Q

pneumonia

A

diseased state of the lungs

83
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the chest cavity

84
Q

polysomnography (PSG)

A

process of recording many (tests) during sleep (also called sleep study)

85
Q

polysomnogram

A

record of many sleep tests

86
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lung

87
Q

pulmonologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung

88
Q

pulmonology

A

study of the lung

89
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest cavity

90
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

91
Q

thoracoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the chest cavity

92
Q

thoracoscopic

A

pertaining to visual examination of the chest cavity

93
Q

thoracoscopy

A

visual examination of the chest cavity

94
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision into the chest cavity

95
Q

tracheostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the trachea

96
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision into the trachea

97
Q

asthma

A

respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath; caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks

98
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

progressive lung disease blocking air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are two main components. Mostly a result of cigarette smoking

99
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

diagnostic imaging test producing scans composed from sectional radiographic images, which can be taken in any of the anatomic planes for a multidimensional view of internal structures.

100
Q

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

laboratory test performed on a collected sample to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria or fungi and to identify the most effective antimicrobial treatment. The test may be performed on sputum, throat cultures, blood, urine, and other fluids. Sputum culture and sensitivity tests are frequently used in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia

101
Q

emphysema

A

loss of elasticity of the alveoli results in distention, causing stretching of the lung. As a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen (Component of COPD)

102
Q

influenza (flu)

A

highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract

103
Q

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to short absences of breathing (apnea); can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure

104
Q

radiograph

A

image created by ionizing radiation (also called an x-ray)

105
Q

sputum

A

mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

106
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs (may spread to other organs)

107
Q

upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx, usually caused by a virus; (commonly called a cold)

108
Q

ABGs

A

arterial blood gasses

109
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

110
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

111
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

112
Q

C&S

A

culture and sensitivity

113
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

114
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

115
Q

ET

A

endotracheal

116
Q

flu

A

influenza

117
Q

O2

A

oxygen

118
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

119
Q

PFTs

A

pulmonary function tests

120
Q

PSG

A

polysomnography

121
Q

RT

A

respiratory therapist

122
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

123
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

124
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

125
Q

V/Q scan

A

lung ventilation/perfusion scan

Basic Medical Language (12 decks)

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