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Basic Medical Language > Chapter 12 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adrenal glands

A

glands located above the kidneys that secrete various hormones, including cortisone and adrenaline

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2
Q

hormone

A

chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland the is carried by the blood to a target tissue

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3
Q

islets of Langerhans

A

clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancreas, made up of different cell types that secrete various hormones, including insulin

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4
Q

metabolism

A

sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism

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5
Q

pancreas

A

long organ that lies transversely across the upper abdomen that has a role in digestion as well as hormone secretion; contains the islets of Langerhans, which perform endocrine functions

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6
Q

pituitary gland

A

pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain; produces hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands

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7
Q

thymus

A

lymphatic organ located behind the sternum; plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty

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8
Q

thyroid gland

A

butterfly-shaped gland located anteriorly in the neck and inferior to the larynx; secretes hormones that regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats needed for growth, development, and basal metabolic rate

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9
Q

adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

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10
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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11
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

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12
Q

-ism

A

state of

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13
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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14
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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15
Q

thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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16
Q

acromegaly

A

enlargement of the extremities (and facial features)

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17
Q

adenoma

A

tumor composed of a gland (glandular tissue)

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18
Q

adrenalectomy

A

excision of the adrenal gland

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19
Q

adrenalitis

A

inflammation of the adrenal gland

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20
Q

adrenomegaly

A

enlargement (of one or both) of the adrenal glands

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21
Q

endocrine

A

to secrete within

22
Q

endocrinologist

A

physician who studies and treats disease of the endocrine system

23
Q

endocrinology

A

study of the endocrine system

24
Q

endocrinopathy

A

(any) disease of the endocrine system

25
Q

glycemia

A

condition of sugar in the blood

26
Q

hyperglycemia

A

condition of excessive sugar in the blood

27
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

state of excessive thyroid activity

28
Q

hypoglycemia

A

condition of deficient sugar in the blood

29
Q

hypothyroidism

A

state of deficient thyroid activity

30
Q

polydipsia

A

condition of much throat

31
Q

polyuria

A

condition of much urine

32
Q

thymectomy

A

excision of the thymus gland

33
Q

thymic

A

pertaining to the thymus gland

34
Q

thymoma

A

tumor of the thymus gland

35
Q

thyroidectomy

A

excision of the thyroid gland

36
Q

thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

37
Q

Addison disease

A

chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal gland with symptoms of weight loss, hypotension, and skin darkening (also called primary adrenal insufficiency)

38
Q

diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by under activity of the insulin-producing islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and characterized by elevated blood sugar; it can also be caused by resistance of the tissues to insulin)

39
Q

fasting blood sugar (FBS)

A

blood test to determine the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood after fasting for 8 to 10 hours. Elevation may indicate diabetes mellitus.

40
Q

fine needle aspiration (FNA)

A

biopsy technique that users a narrow hollow needle to obtain tiny amounts of tissue for pathologic examination. Thyroid nodules are frequently biopsied using FNA

41
Q

glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

A

blood test used to diagnose diabetes and monitor its treatment by measuring the amount of glucose (sugar) bound to hemoglobin in the blood; provides an indication of blood sugar level over the past three months, covering the 120-day lifespan of the red blood cell (also called glycated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c)

42
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

43
Q

Graves disease

A

disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyes)

44
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

group of signs and symptoms including insulin resistance, obesity characterized by excessive fat around the area of the waist and abdomen, hypertension, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, and low levels of the “good” cholesterol HDL (also called syndrome X and insulin resistance syndrome)

45
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

46
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

47
Q

FNA

A

fine needle aspiration

48
Q

HbA1c

A

glycosylated hemoglobin

49
Q

T1DM

A

type 1 diabetes mellitus

50
Q

T2DM

A

type 2 diabetes mellitus

Basic Medical Language (12 decks)

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