Chapter 12 Endocrine System

Question 1

adrenal glands

Answer 1

glands located above the kidneys that secrete various hormones, including cortisone and adrenaline

Question 2

hormone

Answer 2

chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland the is carried by the blood to a target tissue

Question 3

islets of Langerhans

Answer 3

clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancreas, made up of different cell types that secrete various hormones, including insulin

Question 4

metabolism

Answer 4

sum total of all the chemical processes that take place in a living organism

Question 5

pancreas

Answer 5

long organ that lies transversely across the upper abdomen that has a role in digestion as well as hormone secretion; contains the islets of Langerhans, which perform endocrine functions

Question 6

pituitary gland

Answer 6

pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain; produces hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands

Question 7

thymus

Answer 7

lymphatic organ located behind the sternum; plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty

Question 8

thyroid gland

Answer 8

butterfly-shaped gland located anteriorly in the neck and inferior to the larynx; secretes hormones that regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats needed for growth, development, and basal metabolic rate

Question 9

adrenal/o

Answer 9

adrenal gland

Question 10

crin/o

Answer 10

to secrete

Question 11

dips/o

Answer 11

thirst

Question 12

-ism

Answer 12

state of

Question 13

glyc/o

Answer 13

sugar

Question 14

thym/o

Answer 14

thymus gland

Question 15

thyroid/o

Answer 15

thyroid gland

Question 16

acromegaly

Answer 16

enlargement of the extremities (and facial features)

Question 17

adenoma

Answer 17

tumor composed of a gland (glandular tissue)

Question 18

adrenalectomy

Answer 18

excision of the adrenal gland

Question 19

adrenalitis

Answer 19

inflammation of the adrenal gland

Question 20

adrenomegaly

Answer 20

enlargement (of one or both) of the adrenal glands

Question 21

endocrine

Answer 21

to secrete within

Question 22

endocrinologist

Answer 22

physician who studies and treats disease of the endocrine system

Question 23

endocrinology

Answer 23

study of the endocrine system

Question 24

endocrinopathy

Answer 24

(any) disease of the endocrine system

Question 25

glycemia

Answer 25

condition of sugar in the blood

Question 26

hyperglycemia

Answer 26

condition of excessive sugar in the blood

Question 27

hyperthyroidism

Answer 27

state of excessive thyroid activity

Question 28

hypoglycemia

Answer 28

condition of deficient sugar in the blood

Question 29

hypothyroidism

Answer 29

state of deficient thyroid activity

Question 30

polydipsia

Answer 30

condition of much throat

Question 31

polyuria

Answer 31

condition of much urine

Question 32

thymectomy

Answer 32

excision of the thymus gland

Question 33

thymic

Answer 33

pertaining to the thymus gland

Question 34

thymoma

Answer 34

tumor of the thymus gland

Question 35

thyroidectomy

Answer 35

excision of the thyroid gland

Question 36

thyroiditis

Answer 36

inflammation of the thyroid gland

Question 37

Addison disease

Answer 37

chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal gland with symptoms of weight loss, hypotension, and skin darkening (also called primary adrenal insufficiency)

Question 38

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Answer 38

chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by under activity of the insulin-producing islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and characterized by elevated blood sugar; it can also be caused by resistance of the tissues to insulin)

Question 39

fasting blood sugar (FBS)

Answer 39

blood test to determine the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood after fasting for 8 to 10 hours. Elevation may indicate diabetes mellitus.

Question 40

fine needle aspiration (FNA)

Answer 40

biopsy technique that users a narrow hollow needle to obtain tiny amounts of tissue for pathologic examination. Thyroid nodules are frequently biopsied using FNA

Question 41

glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Answer 41

blood test used to diagnose diabetes and monitor its treatment by measuring the amount of glucose (sugar) bound to hemoglobin in the blood; provides an indication of blood sugar level over the past three months, covering the 120-day lifespan of the red blood cell (also called glycated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c)

Question 42

goiter

Answer 42

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 43

Graves disease

Answer 43

disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyes)

Question 44

metabolic syndrome

Answer 44

group of signs and symptoms including insulin resistance, obesity characterized by excessive fat around the area of the waist and abdomen, hypertension, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, and low levels of the "good" cholesterol HDL (also called syndrome X and insulin resistance syndrome)

Question 45

DM

Answer 45

diabetes mellitus

Question 46

FBS

Answer 46

fasting blood sugar

Question 47

FNA

Answer 47

fine needle aspiration

Question 48

HbA1c

Answer 48

glycosylated hemoglobin

Question 49

T1DM

Answer 49

type 1 diabetes mellitus

Question 50

T2DM

Answer 50

type 2 diabetes mellitus