Chapter 8

Question 1

Terrorist organizations plan activities that will have an emotional effect on the target population.

Answer 1

target population

Question 2

New tactics such as cyber terrorism and agroterrorism present threats to computer/network security and food supplies.

Answer 2

cyber terrorism and agroterrorism

Question 3

A biological toxin made from castor beans.

Answer 3

Ricin

Question 4

An explosive that can be made from common household products without expensive laboratory equipment.

Answer 4

Triacetone triperoxide (TATP)

Question 5

Biological agricultural threats that have natural reservoirs in nature.

Answer 5

Foot and mouth disease

Question 6

Radiological materials - Materials can be stolen and or acquired from variety of accessible medical and construction sources.

Answer 6

Radiological materials

Question 7

Toxic industrial chemicals - Chemicals are available in every jurisdiction.

Answer 7

Toxic industrial chemicals

Question 8

Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) - Is typically a white crystalline powder with a distinctive acrid smell and can range in color from a yellowish to white color.

Answer 8

Triacetone triperoxide (TATP)

Question 9

explosives are more commonly used than other WMDs.

Answer 9

explosives

Question 10

The majority of terrorist attacks involves the use of explosive materials and incendiary devices, and typically considered conventional attacks.

Answer 10

conventional attacks.

Question 11

Car and truck bombs can do greater damage than accidental gas explosions. Indicators include shattered reinforced concrete and bent structural steel.

Answer 11

gas explosions

Question 12

An explosion results when a material undergoes a physical or chemical reaction that releases rapidly expanding gases.

Answer 12

expanding gases

Question 13

The shock front leads the positive pressure wave, striking anything in its path with a hammering force.

Answer 13

shock front

Question 14

The positive pressure wave continues outwards in an expanding radius until its energy diminishes.

Answer 14

positive pressure wave

Question 15

Structures damaged in the initial blast can be further damaged in the negative pressure phase.

Answer 15

negative pressure phase

Question 16

An explosions negative pressure phase lasts about three times longer than the positive pressure phase.

Answer 16

three times

Question 17

The shock wave may travel through the ground, creating a seismic disturbance.

Answer 17

seismic disturbance

Question 18

The explosion may release thermal heat energy in the form of a fireball.

Answer 18

fireball

Question 19

The quantity and type of explosives determine the size of an explosion.

Answer 19

quantity and type

Question 20

Most commonly, explosives are categorized by chemical reaction or rate of decomposition.

Answer 20

rate of decomposition

Question 21

Only division 1.1 and division 1.4 are used in explosive attacks.

Answer 21

1.4

Question 22

High explosives placard 1.1 decompose rapidly in a detonation that can include velocities faster than the speed of sound.

Answer 22

High explosives

placard 1.1

Question 23

Detonation - Explosion with an energy front that travels faster than the speed of sound.

Answer 23

Detonation

Question 24

Ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO) - High explosive blasting agent made of common fertilizer mixed with diesel fuel or oil: requires a booster to initiate detonation.

Answer 24

Ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO)

Question 25

Black powder and TNT are examples of low and high explosives.

Answer 25

Black powder

Question 26

Low explosive (1.4) materials decompose rapidly but do not produce an explosive effect unless they are confined. Commonly used as propellants

Answer 26

``` Low explosive (1.4) they deflagrate ```

Question 27

Primary explosives - Easily initiated and highly sensitive to heat and usually used as detonators.

Answer 27

Primary explosives

Question 28

Secondary explosives - Designed to detonate only under specific circumstances usually by activation energy from a primary explosive.

Answer 28

Secondary explosives

Question 29

Tertiary explosives (blasting agents) - Insensitive materials based on ammonium nitrate, they usually require initiation from a secondary explosive.

Answer 29

Tertiary explosives (blasting agents)

Question 30

Deflagrate - To explode at a rate of speed slower than the speed of sound.

Answer 30

Deflagrate

Question 31

Detonator - Device used to trigger less sensitive explosives, usually composed of a primary explosive.

Answer 31

Detonator

Question 32

Responders typically stage 300 meters away form a suspected explosive material incident.

Answer 32

300

Question 33

Improvised explosives materials are typically made by combining an oxidizer with a fuel.

Answer 33

Improvised

Question 34

Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) - Peroxide based white powder high explosive organic compound that can be manufactured using nonspecialized equipment.

Answer 34

Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD)

Question 35

Peroxide based explosives labs may have quantities of acetone and hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 35

acetone

Question 36

Improvised explosive devices may contain chlorate based oxidizers.

Answer 36

chlorate

Question 37

Chlorate based oxidizers commonly take the form of a white crystal or powder that must be mixed with a fuel source.

Answer 37

fuel source

Question 38

pipe bomb - The most common type of IED found in the U.S.

Answer 38

pipe bomb

Question 39

All pipe bombs can be sensitive to shock or friction.

Answer 39

friction

Question 40

A chemical attack is the deliberate release of a toxic gas, liquid, or solid that can poison people and the environment.

Answer 40

chemical attack

Question 41

Chemical agents are intended for use in warfare or terrorist activities to kill, seriously injure, or seriously incapacitate people through their physiological effects.

Answer 41

Chemical agents

Question 42

Responders must complete a primary search when responding to a bombing incident.

Answer 42

primary search

Question 43

Exposure to chemical agents may cause miosis.

Answer 43

miosis

Question 44

Nerve agents are the most toxic chemical warfare agents.

Answer 44

Nerve agents

Question 45

Stable, easily dispersed, and highly toxic, nerve agents have rapid effects when absorbed through the skin or respiratory system.

Answer 45

nerve agents

Question 46

Although nerve agents are generally clear and colorless, colors and odors can vary with impurities.

Answer 46

impurities

Question 47

Impure G agents may have a slight fruity odor.

Answer 47

G

Question 48

Nerve agents are liquids at ambient temperatures and dispersed as an aerosolized liquid.

Answer 48

aerosolized liquid

Question 49

Tabun - Usually low volatility, persistent chemical agent that is absorbed through skin contact or inhaled as a vapor.

Answer 49

Tabun

Question 50

Sarin - Usually volatile, nonpersistent chemical agent that is mainly inhaled.

Answer 50

Sarin

Question 51

soman - Usually moderately volatile chemical agent that can be inhaled or absorbed through skin contact.

Answer 51

soman

Question 52

Cyclohexyl sarin - Low volatility persistent chemical agent that is absorbed through skin contact and inhaled as a vapor.

Answer 52

Cyclohexyl sarin

Question 53

V-agent - Low volatility persistent chemical agent that can remain on material for long periods.

Answer 53

V-agent

Question 54

G-series agent - Tend to be nonpersistent unless manufacturers thicken them with some other agent to increase their persistency.

Answer 54

G-series agent

Question 55

GB is an easily volatile liquid that is primarily an inhalation hazard.

Answer 55

GB

Question 56

Considering the low vapor pressures, nerve agent vapors will not travel far under normal conditions.

Answer 56

nerve agent vapors

Question 57

Speed is the most important factor in medical management of individuals who have been exposed to nerve agents because of their extremely rapid effects.

Answer 57

Speed

Question 58

Blister agents burn an blister the skin or any other part of the body they contact.

Answer 58

Blister agents

Question 59

volatility - Ability of a substance to vaporize easily at a relatively low temp.

Answer 59

volatility

Question 60

Antidote - Substance that counteracts the effects of a poison or toxin.

Answer 60

Antidote

Question 61

Autoinjector - Spring loaded syringe filled with a single dose of a lifesaving drug.

Answer 61

Autoinjector

Question 62

Blister agents are more likely to produce casualties than fatalities, although exposure to such agents can be fatal.

Answer 62

Blister agents

Question 63

Blister agents are usually persistent and may be oily liquids ranging from colorless to pale yellow to dark brown, depending on purity.

Answer 63

persistent

Question 64

Blood agents are chemical asphyxiants.

Answer 64

chemical asphyxiants

Question 65

The most effective treatment for chemical agent exposure are autoinjectors containing antidotes.

Answer 65

antidotes.

Question 66

Chemical asphyxiant - Substance that reacts to prevent the body from being able to use oxygen.

Answer 66

Chemical asphyxiant

Question 67

Arsine gas is formed when arsenic comes into contact with an acid.

Answer 67

Arsine

Question 68

Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless, highly volatile liquid that is extremely flammable, highly soluble, and stable in water.

Answer 68

Hydrogen cyanide

Question 69

Cyanogen chloride is a colorless, highly volatile liquid that dissolves readily in organic solvents but is only slightly soluble in water.

Answer 69

Cyanogen chloride

Question 70

Choking agents attack and cause tissue damage to the lungs.

Answer 70

Choking agents

Question 71

Two of the most common choking agents are Chlorine and phosgene.

Answer 71

Chlorine and phosgene

Question 72

Chlorine - Yellow green in color, is usually pressurized and cooled to a liquid state for storage and transport.

Answer 72

Chlorine

Question 73

Phosgene - is a colorless, nonflammable gas that has the odor of freshly cut hay.

Answer 73

Phosgene

Question 74

All riot agents are solids and require dispersion as aerosolized particles, usually released by pyrotechnics or a propelled spray with the particles suspended in a liquid.

Answer 74

riot agents

Question 75

Incapacitant - Produces a temporary disabling condition that persists for hours to days after exposure has occurred.

Answer 75

Incapacitant

Question 76

Vomiting agent - Causes violent, uncontrollable sneezing, coughing, nausea, vomiting, and a general feeling of bodily discomfort.

Answer 76

Vomiting agent

Question 77

A toxic industrial material is an industrial chemical that is toxic at a certain concentration and is produced in quantities exceeding 30 tons per year at one production facility.

Answer 77

30

Question 78

The primary operational objective at a chemical attack is to do the greatest good for the greatest number.

Answer 78

chemical attack

Question 79

Biological agent - Viruses, bacteria, or their toxins which are harmful to people, animals, or crops.

Answer 79

Biological agent

Question 80

Antibiotic - Antimicrobial agent made from a mold or a bacterium that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.

Answer 80

Antibiotic

Question 81

Weaponized anthrax is a more dangerous inhalation hazard.

Answer 81

anthrax

Question 82

If a biological attack is suspected, first responders should immediately notify their local health care agency.

Answer 82

biological attack

Question 83

When developing a biological weapon, the method of transmission is an important consideration.

Answer 83

transmission

Question 84

Vector - An animate intermediary in the indirect transmission of an agent that carries the agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host.

Answer 84

Vector

Question 85

An Infectious disease is one that is caused by a microorganism with the potential to transfer to another person.

Answer 85

Infectious disease

Question 86

An attack with a contagious agent, such as smallpox or SARS, has the potential to become an epidemic.

Answer 86

contagious agent

Question 87

Bioterrorism incidents will most likely cross jurisdictional boundaries.

Answer 87

jurisdictional

Question 88

In the event of an overt attack or incident, responders should focus on isolation and containment of the biological agent to prevent the spread of pathogens and toxins.

Answer 88

pathogens and toxins

Question 89

Overt attacks could include white powder incidents, discovery of a suspected biologic lab, or witnessed use of spray devices.

Answer 89

Overt attacks

Question 90

Responders should use common infection control procedures to protect themselves from biological agents.

Answer 90

infection control procedures

Question 91

If possible, keep individuals who have been exposed to biological agents from leaving the scene until a thorough risk assessment has been conducted and appropriate measures taken.

Answer 91

risk assessment

Question 92

Radiological attacks utilize weapons that release radiological materials, most likely in the form of dust or powder.

Answer 92

dust or powder.

Question 93

Radiological devises are sometimes referred to as dirty bombs because the contamination they spread could ruin property, crops, and livestock and cause large areas to become unusable.

Answer 93

dirty bombs

Question 94

Radiation exposure device - Powerful gamma emitting radiation source used as a weapon.

Answer 94

Radiation exposure device.

Question 95

An RDD is intended to disperse radioactive material over a large area, but an RDD is incapable of producing a nuclear yield.

Answer 95

nuclear yield

Question 96

The ERG provides response information for general radiological incidents involving low to high levels of radiation in Guide No. 163 nuclear yield. Radiological materials fall under UN/DOT class 7.

Answer 96

163, 7