Chapter 13 Flashcards
Spill control tactics confine a hazardous material that has been released from its container.
Spill control
Control actions involving spills are generally defensive in nature.
Control actions
To prevent further contamination, responders should use spill control to confine the hazardous material after its release.
spill control
Some spill control tactics such as neutralization and dispersion minimize the amount of harm that contact with the material causes.
neutralization
Control - To contain, confine, neutralize, or extinguish a hazardous material or its vapor.
Control
Confinement - The process of controlling the flow of a spill and capturing it at some specified location
Confinement.
Neutralization - Chemical reaction in water in which an acid and base react quantitatively with each other until there are no excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions remaining in the solution.
Neutralization
Personnel perform blanketing or covering to prevent dispersion of hazardous materials.
dispersion
Dam - Actions to prevent or limit the flow of a liquid or sludge past a certain area.
Dam
Dike - Actions using raised embankments or other barriers to prevent movement of liquids or sludges to another area.
Dike
Divert - Actions to direct and control movement of a liquid or sludge to an area that will produce less harm.
Divert
Retain - Actions to contain liquid or sludge in an area where it can be absorbed, neutralized, or removed.
Retain
Vapor suppression - Action taken to reduce the emission of vapors at a hazardous materials spill.
Vapor suppression
Vapor dispersion - Action taken to direct or influence the course of airborne hazardous materials.
Vapor dispersion
Dams can be constructed to trap materials that are lighter or heavier than water, depending on their specific gravity.
specific gravity
Vapor dispersion uses pressurized water streams from hoselines or unattended master streams.
Vapor dispersion
Ventilation - Systematic removal of heated air, smoke, gases, or other airborne contaminants from a structure and replacing them with cooler and or fresher air to reduce damage and facilitate fire fighting operations.
Ventilation
When conducting negative pressure ventilation, personnel should ensure the fans and other ventilators are compatible with the atmosphere where they are being operated.
negative pressure
Personnel usually use dispersion agents on hydrocarbon spills.
hydrocarbon
Dilution - Application of water to a water soluble material to reduce the hazard.
Dilution
Leak control tactics are used to contain the product in its original container, preventing it from escaping.
Leak control
A leak involves the physical breach in a container through which product escapes.
leak
Leak control is often referred to as containment.
containment
The type of container involved, the type of breach, and properties of the material determine tactics and task relating to leak control.
tactics and task
Containment - The act of stopping the further release of a material form its container.
Containment
Remote valves can be closed to stop a material from flowing in pipelines or piping.
Remote
Flammable and combustible liquids are Class B materials, water is ineffective extinguishing agent.
B
Controlling Vapors is a priority at flammable and combustible liquid spills.
Vapors
Before using foam concentrates, responders must proportion and aerate all foam concentrates.
proportion and aerate
Mechanical foam concentrates are divided into two general categories based on the classification of fuels for which they are effective.
Mechanical
Concentrates designed solely for hydrocarbon fires will not extinguish polar solvent.
polar solvent
To produce high quality foam, four elements are necessary: foam concentrate, water, air, and mechanical agitation.
mechanical agitation
Aeration produces adequate foam bubbles to form an effective foam blanket.
Aeration
After identifying a flammable or combustible liquid, you can follow the foam recommendations in the orange guide in the ERG to determine what type of foam to use.
orange
Emulsifiers are foam concentrates that are used with either class A or Class B fires.
Emulsifiers
Unlike finished foam that blankets the fuel, an emulsifier mixes with the fuel, breaking it into small droplets and encapsulating them.
emulsifier
Only use emulsifiers with fuels that are 1 inch deep or less.
1 inch
Foam quality is measured in terms of its 25 % drainage time and its expansion ratio.
25 %
Drainage time - Is the time required for one-fourth of the finished foam that results from a unit volume of foam solution.
Drainage time
The greater the expansion ratio is, the thicker the foam blanket can be developed.
expansion ratio
Air aspirating nozzles produce a larger expansion ratio than water fog nozzles.
Air aspirating
If initial water streams are inadequate to cool both the pressurized tank and exposures, give priority to the involved container.
involved
During incidents involving flammable liquid storage tanks, operations level responders should maintain a defensible distance.
operations level
Foam, dry chemical, and water are common extinguishing agents for flammable liquids.
water
The change from a liquid to a gas in the confined space increases the internal pressure on the vessel.
internal pressure
The most common cause of Bleve is when flames contact the tank shell above the liquid level and the tank shell itself has overheated.
liquid
