Chapter 4

Question 1

The materials physical and chemical properties affect how it behaves, determine the harm it can cause, and influence the effect it may have on all it contacts.

Answer 1

physical, chemical

Question 2

First responders need to know how to collect hazard and response data that provide information about the substance’s physical and chemical properties.

Answer 2

hazard, response data

Question 3

At a hazmat incident, try to identify the materials physical state as early as possible.

Answer 3

physical state

Question 4

The material’s state of matter will indicate how mobile that material may become and can help determine if there will be far reaching hazardous properties.

Answer 4

state of matter

Question 5

Awareness of hazardous material mobility helps rescuers determine control zones and evacuation distances.

Answer 5

material mobility

Question 6

Compressible substance, with no specific volume, that tends to assume the shape of a container.

Answer 6

Gas

Question 7

Incompressible substance with constant volume that assumes the shape of its container.

Answer 7

Liquid

Question 8

Substance that has a definite shape and size.

Answer 8

Solid

Question 9

Gases, liquids, and solids behave very differently. Knowing the state of matter will provide clues on how the incident may progress.

Answer 9

state of matter

Question 10

Understanding a material’s behavior enables responders to identify potential hazards as well as protective actions that should be taken.

Answer 10

behavior

Question 11

In general, solids are the least mobile and gases have the greatest mobility.

Answer 11

gases

Question 12

Solid particle that is formed or generated from solid organic or inorganic materials by reducing its size through mechanical process.

Answer 12

dust

Question 13

Suspension of particles that form when material from a volatilized solid condenses in cool air.

Answer 13

fume

Question 14

Finely divided liquid suspended in the atmosphere.

Answer 14

Mist

Question 15

Form of pressurized mist characterized by highly respirable, minute liquid or solid particles.

Answer 15

aerosol

Question 16

Solid particle whose length is several times greater than its diameter is formed by a disruption of the natural state.

Answer 16

Fiber

Question 17

Gaseous form of a material that is normally in a solid or liquid state at room temp and pressure.

Answer 17

vapor

Question 18

Visible aerosol of a liquid formed by condensation.

Answer 18

fog

Question 19

Gases have an undefined shape and volume and keep expanding if uncontained

Answer 19

undefined shape

Question 20

Research has shown that 1 and 2 ton quantities of chlorine and anhydrous ammonia released in an open area both initially spread in a 360 radius before being dispersed downwind in some situations.

Answer 20

360

Question 21

Gases may travel in unexpected ways, depending on many factors including air movement, topography, and barriers such as walls or buildings.

Answer 21

topography

Question 22

The conversion of a liquid to a vapor increases both the hazardous materials mobility and the challenges responders face when dealing with the material.

Answer 22

liquid, vapor

Question 23

Micron is the unit of measure typically used to express particle size.

Answer 23

Micron

Question 24

Physical properties are the characteristics of a material that do not involve the chemistry or chemical nature of the material.

Answer 24

Physical properties

Question 25

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container.

Answer 25

Vapor pressure

Question 26

A liquids vapor pressure increases as the temp rises.

Answer 26

rises

Question 27

The lower the boiling point of a material, the higher its vapor pressure will be.

Answer 27

vapor pressure

Question 28

If you know the vapor pressure of a material, you can use it as a general gauge to tell how fast a product will evaporate under normal circumstances.

Answer 28

evaporate

Question 29

Boiling point is the temp at which a liquid changes to a gas at a given pressure.

Answer 29

Boiling point

Question 30

Flammable materials with low boiling points generally present special fire hazards.

Answer 30

low boiling points

Question 31

melting point is the temp at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure.

Answer 31

melting point

Question 32

Some substances will actually sublimate or change directly from a solid into a gas without going into a liquid state in between.

Answer 32

sublimate

Question 33

Vapor density is the weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.

Answer 33

Vapor density

Question 34

Solubility in water expresses the percentage of a material that will dissolve in water at ambient temp.

Answer 34

Solubility

Question 35

A material in which the positive and negative charges are permanently separated, resulting in their ability to ionize in solution and create electrical conductivity.

Answer 35

Polar solvent

Question 36

Irritant agents that are water soluble usually cause early upper respiratory tract irritation, resulting in coughing and throat irritation.

Answer 36

water soluble

Question 37

Partially water soluble chemicals will penetrate into the lower respiratory system and cause delayed symptoms that include breathing difficulties, pulmonary edema, and coughing up blood.

Answer 37

Partially water soluble

Question 38

Materials with higher degrees of solubility are easier to control with water.

Answer 38

solubility

Question 39

Miscibility describes the ability of two or more gases or liquids to mix with or dissolve into each other.

Answer 39

Miscibility

Question 40

Incapable of being mixed or blended with another substance.

Answer 40

Immiscible

Question 41

Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a material to the density of a standard material, usually an equal volume of water, standard conditions of pressure and temp.

Answer 41

Specific gravity

Question 42

Solubility plays an important role in specific gravity.

Answer 42

Solubility

Question 43

The persistence of a chemical is its ability to remain in the environment.

Answer 43

persistence

Question 44

Persistent nerve agents will remain effective at their point of dispersion for a much longer time than nonpersistent nerve agents.

Answer 44

dispersion

Question 45

Viscosity is the measure of the thickness or flowability of a liquid at a given temp.

Answer 45

Viscosity

Question 46

Odor threshold is the concentration at which the average person can smell a particular compound.

Answer 46

Odor threshold

Question 47

Chemical properties describe the chemical nature of a material and the behaviors and interactions that occur at a molecular level.

Answer 47

Chemical properties

Question 48

Flash point is the minimum temp at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off sufficient vapors at its lower explosive limit.

Answer 48

Flash point

Question 49

Fire point is the temp at which a liquid or volatile substance gives off enough vapors to support continuous burning.

Answer 49

Fire point

Question 50

Liquids that have low flash points and burn easily are designated as flammable liquids, whereas liquids with higher flash points that do not burn as easily are called combustible liquids.

Answer 50

flammable liquids, combustible liquids

Question 51

The autoignition temperature of a substance is the minimum temp to which the fuel in air must be heated to initiate self sustained combustion without initiation from an independent ignition source.

Answer 51

autoignition temperature

Question 52

Any liquid having a flash point below 100*F and a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psi

Answer 52

flammable liquid

Question 53

Liquid having a flash point at or above 100F and below 200F.

Answer 53

combustible liquid

Question 54

The lowest temp at which a combustible material ignites in air without a spark or flame.

Answer 54

Autoignition temp

Question 55

Minimum temp to which a fuel in air must be heated in order to start self sustained combustion independent of the heating source.

Answer 55

ignition temperature

Question 56

The corrosivity of acids and bases is often measured or expressed in terms of pH.

Answer 56

pH

Question 57

Any chemical that ionizes to yield hydrogen ions in water.

Answer 57

Acid

Question 58

A water soluble compound that chemically dissociates in water to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion.

Answer 58

Base

Question 59

Bases react with an acid to form a salt by releasing an unshared pair of electrons to the acid or by receiving a proton.

Answer 59

electrons

Question 60

Bases often cause more eye damage than acids due to the longer duration of exposure.

Answer 60

eye damage

Question 61

A common sign of exposure to a base is a greasy or slick feeling of the skin, which is caused by saponification the breakdown of fatty tissues.

Answer 61

saponification

Question 62

Compound containing hydrogen that reacts with water to produce hydrogen ions; a proton donor, a liquid compound with a pH less than 7.

Answer 62

Acid

Question 63

Atom that has lost or gained an electron, giving it a positive or negative charge.

Answer 63

Ion

Question 64

Any alkaline or caustic substance, corrosive water soluble compound or substance containing group forming hydroxide ions in water solution that reacts with an acid to form a salt.

Answer 64

Base

Question 65

Process of splitting a molecule or iconic compounds into smaller particles, especially if the process is reversible.

Answer 65

Dissociation

Question 66

Reaction between an alkaline and a fatty acid that produces soap.

Answer 66

Saponification

Question 67

Solution that has a pH between 7 and 14.

Answer 67

Basic solution

Question 68

Ability of a substance to chemically react with other materials, and the speed with which that reaction takes place.

Answer 68

Reactivity

Question 69

Substance capable of chemically reacting with other substances, for example, material that reacts violently when combined with air or water.

Answer 69

Reactive material

Question 70

The chemical reactivity of a substance describes its relative ability to undergo a chemical reaction with itself or other materials.

Answer 70

relative ability

Question 71

Minimum energy that starts a chemical reaction when added to an atomic or molecular system.

Answer 71

Activation energy

Question 72

Many reactions need an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, and some kind of activation energy to get them started.

Answer 72

oxidizing agent

Question 73

Activation energy is the energy needed to start the reaction, much like a blasting cap activating dynamite.

Answer 73

dynamite

Question 74

First responders may see terms as light sensitive, heat sensitive, or shock sensitive on SDSs and/or manufacturers/labels, indicating that those products have an increased susceptibility to those sources of activation energy.

Answer 74

activation energy

Question 75

Stability and reactivity are important factors in chemical interactions.

Answer 75

Stability, reactivity

Question 76

An asphalt roadway could explode if liquid oxygen spills on it and is accompanied by sufficient activation energy.

Answer 76

liquid oxygen

Question 77

Oxidation reduction reactions can be extremely violent and dangerous because they release a tremendous amount of energy.

Answer 77

Oxidation reduction reactions

Question 78

Polymerization is a chemical reaction in which simple molecules combine to form long chain molecules.

Answer 78

Polymerization

Question 79

catalysts will increase the rate of polymerization and decrease the activation energy necessary for further polymerization.

Answer 79

catalysts

Question 80

Materials that may undergo violent polymerization if subjected to heat or contamination are designated with a P in the blue and yellow sections of the ERG.

Answer 80

P

Question 81

Inhibitors are materials that are added to products that easily polymerize in order to control or prevent an undesired reaction.

Answer 81

Inhibitors

Question 82

Liquid oxygen is a powerful oxidizer. If spilled on asphalt, very little activation energy is needed to cause an explosion.

Answer 82

oxidizer

Question 83

Fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion.

Answer 83

Reducing agent

Question 84

Substance that readily gives off large quantities of oxygen.

Answer 84

Strong oxidizer

Question 85

Time sensitive inhibitors are added to Liquid styrene before it is shipped.

Answer 85

Liquid styrene

Question 86

The least energetic form of radiation is nonionizing radiation such as visible light and radio waves.

Answer 86

nonionizing radiation

Question 87

The most energetic form of radiation is ionizing radiation.

Answer 87

ionizing radiation

Question 88

Series of energy waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields traveling at the speed of light.

Answer 88

nonionizing radiation

Question 89

Radiation that causes a chemical change in atoms by removing their electrons.

Answer 89

ionizing radiation

Question 90

Ionizing radiation can be divided into four types: alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron

Answer 90

alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron

Question 91

Energetic, positively charged alpha particles emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay that rapidly lose energy when passing through matter. Alpha- blocked by dead layer of skin

Answer 91

Alpha- blocked by dead layer of skin

Question 92

Alpha particles lose energy rapidly when traveling through matter and do not penetrate deeply. Can be stopped by a sheet of paper

Answer 92

Alpha particles- can be stopped by a sheet of paper

Question 93

During radioactive decay , alpha particles are emitted from the nucleus of an atom, forming a new element

Answer 93

radioactive decay

Question 94

Neutron radiation is the hardest to protect against because it is highly penetrating.

Answer 94

Neutron radiation

Question 95

Electron - Subatomic particle with physical mass and a negative electric charge

Answer 95

Electron

Question 96

Beta - Fast moving, positively charged protons or negatively charged electrons emitted from the atom’s nucleus during radioactive decay. Humans are exposed to beta particles from manufactured and natural sources such as tritium, carbon-14, and strontium - 90.

Answer 96

Beta

Question 97

Beta particles penetrate further than alpha particles but cause less damage over equally traveled distances. Stopped by layer of clothing, a thin sheet of metal, or thick plexiglass

Answer 97

Beta - stopped by layer of clothing, a thin sheet of metal, or thick plexiglass

Question 98

Shielding beta emitters with dense metals can result in the release of x-rays.

Answer 98

x-rays

Question 99

Photon - Weightless packet of electromagnetic energy, such as x-rays or visible light

Answer 99

Photon

Question 100

Gamma - High energy photons. Often accompany the emission of alpha or beta particles from a nucleus. Can easily pass completely through the human body or be absorbed by tissue. Standard firefighting clothing does not protect against

Answer 100

Gamma - standard firefighting clothing does not protect against

Question 101

Gamma radiation levels vary depending on the Isotope and activity.

Answer 101

Isotope, activity

Question 102

Activity refers to the number of atoms in a radioactive material that will decay and emit radiation in a second.

Answer 102

Activity

Question 103

Neutron - Particles that have a physical mass but have no electrical charge. Fission reactions produce neutrons along with gamma radiation. Soil moisture density gauges = neutron radiation

Answer 103

Neutron - soil moisture density gauges = neutron radiation

Question 104

Shielding from neutron radiation requires materials with high amounts of hydrogen, such as oil, water, and concrete.

Answer 104

hydrogen

Question 105

X-rays and gamma rays are high energy electromagnetic radiation commonly referred to as photons.

Answer 105

photons

Question 106

Radioactive materials (RAM)
 emit ionizing radiation.

Answer 106

Radioactive materials (RAM)

Question 107

Material with an atomic nucleus that spontaneously decays or disintegrates, emitting radiation as particles or electromagnetic waves at a rate of greater than 0.002 microcuries per gram. Radioactive materials (RAM)

Answer 107

Radioactive materials (RAM)

Question 108

Radiation exposure occurs when a person is near a radiation source and is exposed to the energy from that source.

Answer 108

Radiation exposure

Question 109

A person may receive a dose of radiation based upon the length of exposure energy, and type of source.

Answer 109

dose

Question 110

Dose - Quantity of a chemical material ingested or absorbed through skin contact for purposes of measuring toxicity.

Answer 110

Dose

Question 111

Radioactive Contamination occurs when radioactive material is deposited on surfaces, skin, clothing, or any place where it is not desired.

Answer 111

Contamination

Question 112

Contamination only occurs when the radioactive material remains on a person or the person’s clothing after coming into contact with a Contaminant.

Answer 112

Contaminant

Question 113

Contamination - Impurity resulting from mixture or contact with a foreign substance.

Answer 113

Contamination

Question 114

Contaminant - Foreign substance that compromises the purity of a given substance.

Answer 114

Contaminant

Question 115

The effects of ionizing radiation occur at the cellular level.

Answer 115

cellular level

Question 116

Ionizing radiation can negatively affect the normal operation of the cells that compose human organs.

Answer 116

negatively

Question 117

Radiation may cause damage to any material by ionizing the atoms in that material.

Answer 117

ionizing

Question 118

When atoms are ionized, the chemical properties of those atoms are altered.

Answer 118

altered

Question 119

The biological effects of ionizing radiation depend on how much and how fast a radiation dose is recieved.

Answer 119

biological effects

Question 120

The body is better equipped to handle a Chronic dose of radiation than an acute radiation dose.

Answer 120

Chronic dose

Question 121

Radioactivity - Quantifiable measurement of activity in a sample of material over time.

Answer 121

Radioactivity

Question 122

Exposure - Amount of radiation in the ambient air of a specific place.

Answer 122

Exposure

Question 123

Absorbed dose - Amount of radiation energy deposited in a material.

Answer 123

Absorbed dose

Question 124

Dose equivalent - Absorbed dose plus medical effects.

Answer 124

Dose equivalent

Question 125

Radioactive materials are placarded/labeled Class 7 in transport.

Answer 125

7

Question 126

Doubling the distance from a point source divides the dose by a factor of four.

Answer 126

four

Question 127

When the radius doubles, the radiation spreads over 4 times as much area, so the dose is only 1/4 as much.

Answer 127

1/4

Question 128

Inverse Square Law - Physical law that states that the amount of radiation present is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of radiation.

Answer 128

Inverse Square Law

Question 129

Exposure from fallout is reduced by about 50 percent inside a one story building and by about 90 at a level below ground.

Answer 129

50, 90

Question 130

Using time, distance, shielding to limit exposure to radiation is sometimes referred to as ALARA.

Answer 130

ALARA

Question 131

The degree to which a substance causes harm within the body is called its Toxicity.

Answer 131

Toxicity

Question 132

A chemical injury at the site of contact is termed a local toxic effect.

Answer 132

local toxic effect

Question 133

Systemic effect - Damage spread through an entire system, opposite of local effect, which is limited in a single location.

Answer 133

Systemic effect

Question 134

Nitrogen is a simple asphyxiant because it can dilute and displace oxygen.

Answer 134

Nitrogen

Question 135

simple asphyxiants are gases that displace oxygen.

Answer 135

simple asphyxiants

Question 136

Asphyxiant - Any substance that prevents oxygen from combining in sufficient quantities with the blood or from being used by body tissues.

Answer 136

Asphyxiant

Question 137

Chemical asphyxiant are materials that prohibit the body’s cells from using oxygen.

Answer 137

Chemical asphyxiant

Question 138

Statistics reveal 1 in 3 ffs will be diagnosed with cancer during their career. Another 45 percent of ffs will have cancer diagnosed within 7 years of retirement.

Answer 138

cancer, 45*

Question 139

Sensitizers are chemicals that cause a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction after one or more exposures to the chemical.

Answer 139

Sensitizers

Question 140

Smoke is an aerosol comprised of gases, vapor, and solid particulates.

Answer 140

Smoke

Question 141

Carbon monoxide Is a chemical asphyxiant that is a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of organic materials.

Answer 141

Carbon monoxide

Question 142

Hydrogen cyanide - Produced in the combustion of materials containing nitrogen, is also commonly encountered in smoke, although at lower concentrations than CO.

Answer 142

Hydrogen cyanide.

Question 143

HCN is a significant byproduct of the combustion of polyurethane foam, which is commonly used in furniture and bedding.

Answer 143

polyurethane foam

Question 144

Carbon dioxide Is a byproduct of complete combustion of organic materials. It acts as a simple asphyxiant by displacing oxygen, also increases respiratory rate.

Answer 144

Carbon dioxide

Question 145

Carbon monoxide - Colorless, odorless, dangerous gas formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon. It combines with hemoglobin more than 200 times faster than oxygen does, decreasing the bloods ability to carry oxygen.

Answer 145

Carbon monoxide

Question 146

Hydrogen cyanide - Colorless, toxic, and flammable liquid until it reaches 79*F. Above that temp it becomes a gas that smells like bitter almonds.

Answer 146

Hydrogen cyanide

Question 147

Carbon dioxide - Colorless, odorless, heavier than air gas that neither supports combustion nor burns, used on Class b or c fires. Waste product of aerobic metabolism.

Answer 147

Carbon dioxide.

Question 148

Biological hazards are microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria that may cause severe, disabling disease or illness.

Answer 148

Biological hazards

Question 149

Viruses - Are the simplest types of microorganisms that can only replicate themselves in the living cells of their hosts. Do not respond to antibiotics.

Answer 149

Viruses

Question 150

Bacteria - Are microscopic, single celled organisms. May cause disease in people either by invading the tissues or by producing toxins.

Answer 150

Bacteria

Question 151

Biological toxins are produced by living organisms, however the biological organism itself is usually not harmful to people.

Answer 151

Biological toxins

Question 152

Infectious diseases are caused by the reproduction and spread of microorganisms in the body.

Answer 152

Infectious

Question 153

Transmittable, able to infect

Answer 153

Infectious

Question 154

Pathogen - Biological agent that causes disease or illness.

Answer 154

Pathogen

Question 155

Contagious - Capable of transmission from one person to another through contact or close proximity.

Answer 155

Contagious

Question 156

Anthrax is a type of bacteria. Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics.

Answer 156

Anthrax

Question 157

Ricin, a biological toxin, is made from castor beans.

Answer 157

Ricin

Question 158

Biological attacks use weaponized forms of disease causing organisms and/or their toxins.

Answer 158

Biological attacks

Question 159

In general, a product’s hazard class is assigned based on its most dangerous chemical and Physical properties.

Answer 159

Physical

Question 160

An Explosion is any substance or article with a great deal of potential energy that may rapidly expand and release upon activation.

Answer 160

Explosion

Question 161

Explosives may release energy in the form of light, gas, or heat.

Answer 161

light, gas, or heat.

Question 162

Explosive placards list both a Division number and a compatibility group letter on them.

Answer 162

Division number, compatibility group letter

Question 163

First responders should pay particular attention to the division number, which assigns the level of explosion hazard to the product.

Answer 163

division number

Question 164

Compatibility group letters categorize different types of explosive substances and articles for purposes of stowage and segregation.

Answer 164

Compatibility group letters

Question 165

Explosives will typically be packaged as solids in individual packages or boxes. However, some explosives are liquids such as certain binary explosives.

Answer 165

binary explosives

Question 166

Infectious substance - Substance that is known or reasonably expected to contain pathogens.

Answer 166

Infectious substance

Question 167

Explosive - Any material or mixture that will undergo an extremely fast self propagation reaction when subjected to some form of energy.

Answer 167

Explosive

Question 168

Division number - Subset of a class within an explosives placard that assigns the product’s level of explosion hazard.

Answer 168

Division number

Question 169

Binary Explosive - A type of explosive device or material with two components that are explosive when combined but not seperately.

Answer 169

Binary Explosive

Question 170

The primary hazards of explosives are Thermal and mechanical.

Answer 170

Thermal and mechanical

Question 171

Blast pressure wave - Rapidly released gases can create a shock wave that travels outward from the center.

Answer 171

Blast pressure wave

Question 172

The blast pressure wave has a positive and negative phase, both of which can cause damage.

Answer 172

positive, negative

Question 173

An explosion’s blast pressure will compress the surrounding atmosphere into a rapidly expanding shock front.

Answer 173

expanding shock front.

Question 174

Depending on its force, this positive pressure wave can be extremely destructive.

Answer 174

force

Question 175

Effects of an explosion include the blast pressure effect, incendiary/thermal effects, the shock front, and the fragmentation effect.

Answer 175

fragmentation effect

Question 176

When a blast occurs at or near ground level, the air blast creates a ground shock or crater.

Answer 176

ground shock

Question 177

As the shock waves move across or underground, they form a Seismic disturbance.

Answer 177

Seismic disturbance

Question 178

The distance the shock wave travels depends on the type and size of the explosion and type of soil.

Answer 178

soil

Question 179

Incendiary thermal effect - Occurs during an explosion when thermal heat energy forms a fireball.

Answer 179

Incendiary thermal effect

Question 180

Explosives may self contaminate as they age, which increases their sensitivity and instability.

Answer 180

sensitivity, instability

Question 181

Explosives that have a mass explosion hazard.

Answer 181

Division 1.1

Question 182

Explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard.

Answer 182

Division 1.2

Question 183

Explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both.

Answer 183

Division 1.3

Question 184

Explosives that present a minor explosion hazard. Largely confined to the package.

Answer 184

Division 1.4

Question 185

Substances that have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is little probability of initiation or transition from burning to detonation under normal transportation conditions.

Answer 185

Division 1.5

Question 186

Extremely insensitive articles that do not have a mass explosive hazard. Negligible probability of accidental initiation.

Answer 186

Division 1.6

Question 187

Class 2 materials are gases at normal temps and pressures.

Answer 187

2

Question 188

In addition to burning, all flammable and combustible liquids exhibit varying degrees of Toxicity.

Answer 188

Toxicity

Question 189

Gases can harm via energy release, toxicity, and corrosivity.

Answer 189

energy release

Question 190

Vapor explosion - Occurrence when a hot liquid fuel transfers heat energy to a colder, more volatile liquid fuel.

Answer 190

Vapor explosion

Question 191

As the colder fuel vaporizes, pressure builds in a container and can create shockwaves of kinetic energy.

Answer 191

kinetic energy

Question 192

Consists of any material that is a gas at 68F or less at normal atmospheric pressure or a material that has a boiling point of 68F. Ignitable at 13%, flammable range at 12%.

Answer 192

Flammable gas (div. 2.1)

Question 193

Any material which exerts in the packaging an absolute pressure of 40.6 psi or greater at 68*F.

Answer 193

Non-flammable gas (div. 2.2)

Question 194

Material that is a gas at 68*F or less and a pressure of 14.7 psi, known to be so toxic to humans.

Answer 194

Gas poisonous by inhalation (Div. 2.3)

Question 195

Class 3 materials ignite and burn easily.

Answer 195

3

Question 196

Although liquids, in most conditions, Class 3 materials will give off flammable vapors that behave much like gases.

Answer 196

flammable vapors

Question 197

A flammable liquid is generally a liquid having a flash point of not more than 140F, or any material in a liquid state with a flash point at or above 100F.

Answer 197

flammable liquid

Question 198

Gasoline placard - May be used in the place of a flammable placard on a cargo tank or a portable tank being used to transport gasoline by highway.

Answer 198

Gasoline placard

Question 199

A combustible liquid is any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class and has a flash point above 140F and below 200F.

Answer 199

combustible liquid

Question 200

An elevated temperature material that meets the definition of a Class 3 material because it is intentionally heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above its flash point may not be reclassified as a combustible liquid.

Answer 200

elevated temperature material

Question 201

Class 4 materials are divided into three categories based on type of reactivity.

Answer 201

4

Question 202

The primary hazards of Class 4 materials are: chemical energy, mechanical energy, corrosivity, and toxicity.

Answer 202

chemical energy

Question 203

Includes wetted explosives, self reactive materials that can undergo a strongly exothermal decomposition.

Answer 203

Flammable solid material (Div. 4.1)

Question 204

Wetted explosives - Explosives with their explosive properties suppressed by wetting with sufficient alcohol

Answer 204

Wetted explosives

Question 205

Self reactive explosives - Materials liable to undergo a strong exothermic decomposition at normal or elevated temps.

Answer 205

Self reactive explosives

Question 206

Readily combustible solids - Solids that may ignite through friction or any metal powders that can be ignited.

Answer 206

Readily combustible solids

Question 207

Includes a pyrophoric material that, without an external ignition source, can ignite within 5 minutes after coming in contact with air.

Answer 207

Spontaneously combustible material (Div. 4.2)

Question 208

Material that, by contact with water, is liable to become spontaneously flammable or to release flammable or toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 liter per kilogram.

Answer 208

Dangerous when wet material (DIV. 4.3)

Question 209

Oxidizers vigorously support combustion, may be explosive, and when combined with fuel, may burn continuously.

Answer 209

oxidizers

Question 210

Organic peroxides are oxidizers with a specific chemical composition that make them prone to reactivity.

Answer 210

Organic peroxide’s

Question 211

Organic peroxides are both fuel and an oxidizer.

Answer 211

fuel, oxidizer

Question 212

Store organic peroxides below the Maximum safe storage temperature.

Answer 212

Maximum safe storage temperature

Question 213

Organic peroxide - Any of several organic derivatives of the inorganic compound hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 213

Organic peroxide

Question 214

Class 5 materials are oxidizers and organic peroxides.

Answer 214

5

Question 215

If organic peroxides reach the self accelerating decomposition temp, they undergo a chemical change and may violently release from their packaging.

Answer 215

self accelerating decomposition temp

Question 216

Poison - Any material excluding gases, that when taken into the body is injurious to health.

Answer 216

Poison

Question 217

Inhalation hazard - Any material that may cause harm via inhalation.

Answer 217

Inhalation hazard

Question 218

Class 6 materials and substances include poisons, poison inhalation hazards, and infectious substances.

Answer 218

6

Question 219

infectious materials are typically shipped in small containers, so there is no placard for them, only a label

Answer 219

infectious materials

Question 220

A biohazard label is used for large and small quantities of regulated medical waste.

Answer 220

biohazard label

Question 221

Material known to contain or suspected of containing a pathogen.

Answer 221

Infectious substance (DIV. 6.2)

Question 222

A pathogen is a virus or microorganism or a proteinaceous infectious particle that has the potential to cause disease in humans.

Answer 222

pathogen

Question 223

Small packages of radioactive materials must be labeled on two opposite sides, with a distinctive warning label.

Answer 223

warning

Question 224

Class 7 radioactive I, II, III labels must always contain the following additional info. Isotope name, radiation activity

Answer 224

Isotope name, radiation activity

Question 225

Isotope - Atoms of a chemical element with the usual number of protons in the nucleus, but unusual number of neutrons.

Answer 225

Isotope

Question 226

Items placarded as radioactive II and III have a maximum allowed TI rating of 50 mrem/hr.

Answer 226

50 mrem/hr

Question 227

Class 7 materials are radioactive and cannot be detected with the senses.

Answer 227

7

Question 228

Class 7 labels will always provide the isotope name, activity level, transport index, and radioactive level.

Answer 228

transport index

Question 229

The energy of radiation gives it the ability to penetrate matter.

Answer 229

matter

Question 230

The strength of a radioactive source is called its activity.

Answer 230

activity

Question 231

The activity of a radioactive source can be defined as the rate at which a number of atoms will decay and emit radiation in one second.

Answer 231

one second

Question 232

The international system unit for activity is the Becquerel, which is the quantity of radioactive material in which one atom transforms per second.

Answer 232

Becquerel

Question 233

The curie is a quantity of radioactive material in which 1 Ci = 3.7 x 10 tenth atoms disintegrate per second.

Answer 233

curie

Question 234

Corrosives are either a liquid or solid that cause full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specific period of time, or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.

Answer 234

period of time

Question 235

Class 9 materials mostly present thermal and chemical hazards.

Answer 235

thermal, chemical

Question 236

ORM-Ds are consumer commodities that present a limited hazard during transportation due to their form, quantity, and packaging.

Answer 236

ORM-Ds

Question 237

Topography makes a significant difference in the consideration needed to determine the appropriate isolation distances.

Answer 237

topography