Chapter 5

Question 1

The first step in mitigating or solving any hazmat incident is understanding the problem within the framework of incident priorities, ims, and predetermined procedures.

Answer 1

predetermined procedures

Question 2

Skillful incident commanders synthesize information quickly in order to form a clear picture of the incident.

Answer 2

synthesize

Question 3

Ongoing evaluation of influential factors at the scene of an incident.

Answer 3

Size-up

Question 4

Model used to describe how hazardous materials are accidentally released from their containers and how they behave after the release.

Answer 4

General emergency behavior model

Question 5

Stress - The container undergoes physical, thermal, or other types of damage that reduces its ability to function and leads to breach or failure.

Answer 5

Stress

Question 6

Breach - The container becomes open to the environment.

Answer 6

Breach

Question 7

Release - When a container breaches or fails, contents, stored energy, and pieces of the container may be expelled into the environment.

Answer 7

Release

Question 8

Dispersion/engulf - This occurs as the hazardous material inside the container and any stored energy release and move away from the container.

Answer 8

Dispersion/engulf

Question 9

Patterns of dispersion are influenced by chemistry, physics, environment factors, and the chemical and physical characteristics of the product.

Answer 9

physics

Question 10

Exposure/contact - Anything that is in the area of the release is exposed to the hazardous material.

Answer 10

Exposure/contact

Question 11

Depending on the container, hazardous material, and energy involved, exposures may result in harm or damage.

Answer 11

Harm

Question 12

Container stress is caused by thermal energy, chemical energy, and mechanical energy.

Answer 12

mechanical energy

Question 13

Thermal stress may increase internal pressure and reduce container shell integrity, resulting in sudden failure.

Answer 13

Thermal stress

Question 14

The appearance of frost is an indicator that a container is under thermal stress.

Answer 14

frost

Question 15

Uncontrolled reactions/interactions of the container and its contents.

Answer 15

Chemical energy

Question 16

Physical application of energy could result in container, attachment damage.

Answer 16

Mechanical energy

Question 17

Chemical reactions may cause a container to bulge, which is a sign of significant stress.

Answer 17

bulge

Question 18

Mechanical energy can crush or damage a container.

Answer 18

crush

Question 19

The material’s state of matter will affect the stress experienced by containers.

Answer 19

state of matter

Question 20

Most solids containers will be damaged via mechanical stressors rather than the physical properties of the materials contained in them.

Answer 20

mechanical stressors

Question 21

Limits of recovery - A containers design strength or ability to hold contents at pressure.

Answer 21

Limits of recovery

Question 22

When a container is stressed beyond its Limits of recovery, it opens or breaches and releases its contents.

Answer 22

Limits of recovery

Question 23

Breach - To make an opening in a structural obstacle without compromising the overall integrity of the wall to allow access into or out of a structure for rescue.

Answer 23

breach

Question 24

Detonation - Instantaneous and explosive release of stored chemical energy of a hazardous material.

Answer 24

Detonation

Question 25

Violent rupture - Immediate release of chemical or mechanical energy caused by runaway cracks.

Answer 25

Violent rupture

Question 26

Rapid relief - Fast release of a pressurized hazardous material through properly operating safety devices.

Answer 26

Rapid relief

Question 27

Spill/leak - Slow release of a hazardous material under atmospheric or head pressure through holes, rips, tears, or usual openings/attachments.

Answer 27

Spill/leak

Question 28

Head pressure - Pressure exerted by a stationary column of water, directly proportional to the height of the column.

Answer 28

Head pressure

Question 29

The dispersion of material is sometimes referred to as engulfment.

Answer 29

engulfment

Question 30

rapid relief occurs when pressurized hazmat is released through properly operating safety devices.

Answer 30

rapid relief

Question 31

When evaluating release potential, remember the total amount of product in the container.

Answer 31

release potential

Question 32

Engulfment occurs when a product disperses, forming a danger zone.

Answer 32

danger zone

Question 33

Hemispheric release - Semicircular or dome shaped pattern of airborne hazardous material that is still partially in contact with the ground or water.

Answer 33

Hemispheric release

Question 34

Cloud - Ball shaped pattern of an airborne hazardous material where the material has collectively risen above the ground or water.

Answer 34

Cloud

Question 35

Plume - Irregularly shaped pattern of an airborne hazardous material where wind and/or topography influence the downrange course from the point of release.

Answer 35

Plume

Question 36

A hemispheric release generally results from a rapid release of energy.

Answer 36

hemispheric release

Question 37

Solid cloud cover can reflect the detonation shock wave, increasing the explosion impact.

Answer 37

shock wave

Question 38

Dispersion of a plume is affected by vapor density and terrain, as well as wind speed and direction.

Answer 38

vapor density, terrain

Question 39

Cone - Triangular shaped pattern of an airborne hazardous material release with a point source at the breach and wide base downrange.

Answer 39

Cone

Question 40

stream - Surface following pattern of liquid hazardous material that is affected by gravity and topographical contours.

Answer 40

stream

Question 41

Pool - Three dimensional slow flowing liquid dispersion.

Answer 41

Pool

Question 42

In the event of a release, facility pre-incident surveys may contain plume dispersion models to help estimate the size of an endangered area.

Answer 42

plume dispersion models

Question 43

Irregular dispersion results from indiscriminate deposit of a hazardous material such as that caused by contaminated vehicles or responders.

Answer 43

Irregular dispersion

Question 44

Harm is defined as injury or damage caused by exposure to a hazardous material.

Answer 44

Harm

Question 45

Per NFPA definitions, low pressure storage tanks have operating pressures from 0.5 to 15 psi.

Answer 45

15 psi

Question 46

Pressure vessels have pressures of 15 psi or greater.

Answer 46

Pressure vessels

Question 47

Cryogenic cylinders are insulated by a vacuum between an inner vessel and an outer shell.

Answer 47

Cryogenic cylinders

Question 48

Venting is a function of some cryogenic containers and and may not indicate a system failure.

Answer 48

Venting

Question 49

Released cryogens quickly boil into gas.

Answer 49

gas

Question 50

Most solids-holding containers will be damaged via mechanical stressors rather than the physical properties of the materials contained in them.

Answer 50

mechanical stressors

Question 51

Solids typically release as a spill.

Answer 51

spill

Question 52

horizontal pressure vessel - Have high pressures and capacities from 500 to over 40,000 gallons.

Answer 52

horizontal pressure vessel

Question 53

Spherical pressure vessel - Have high pressures and capacities up to 600,000 gallons. Often supported off the ground by a series of concrete or steel legs.

Answer 53

Spherical pressure vessel

Question 54

Pressure containers release their products during rapid relief events, slow leaks from valves and fittings, or violent ruptures.

Answer 54

violent ruptures

Question 55

Most types of cryogenic leaks will displace oxygen.

Answer 55

oxygen

Question 56

Oxygen cryogenic leaks on asphalt will make the asphalt shock sensitive.

Answer 56

shock sensitive

Question 57

Low pressure storage tanks typically contain flammable and combustible liquids with low vapor pressures, such as solvents.

Answer 57

solvents

Question 58

Dome roof tanks - Generally classified as low pressure tanks with operating pressures as high as 15 psi.

Answer 58

Dome roof tanks

Question 59

Spheroid tank - Low pressure storage tanks. They can store 3,000,000 gallons.

Answer 59

Spheroid tank

Question 60

The maximum pressure under which an atmospheric tank is capable of holding its contents is 0.5 psi.

Answer 60

0.5 psi

Question 61

Treat interiors of bulk nonpressure/atmospheric storage tanks as confined spaces.

Answer 61

confined spaces

Question 62

A properly designed and maintained storage tank will break along the shell to top seam, which is more likely to limit the fire to the damaged tank and prevent the contents from spilling.

Answer 62

shell to top seam

Question 63

Atmospheric tanks used to store flammable and combustible liquids should be designed to fail along the shell to roof seam when an explosion occurs in the tank.

Answer 63

shell to roof seam

Question 64

High pressure tank trucks are also known as MC-331.

Answer 64

MC-331

Question 65

Bobtail tanks are used to deliver propane and other products.

Answer 65

Bobtail tanks

Question 66

The initial evacuation distance for high pressure tank trucks involved in fire is one mile because they may bleve.

Answer 66

one mile

Question 67

MC-307 - Low pressure chemical tank trucks

Answer 67

MC-307

Question 68

MC-306 - Nonpressure cargo tank trucks

Answer 68

MC-306

Question 69

Corrosive liquid tank trucks are known as MC-312.

Answer 69

MC-312

Question 70

Maximum allowable working pressure - A percentage of a container's test pressure.

Answer 70

Maximum allowable working pressure

Question 71

Releases from corrosive liquid tank trucks may involve spilled/leaking liquids and vapors/fumes. Rarely these tank trucks can rupture violently due to Chemical reactions.

Answer 71

Chemical reactions

Question 72

Compressed gas tube trailer cylinder valves are protected in a boxlike housing. Valves are manifolded together.

Answer 72

boxlike housing

Question 73

Tank cars carry the bulk of the hazardous materials transported by Rail.

Answer 73

Rail

Question 74

Pressure tank cars typically transport flammable, nonflammable, and poisonous gases at pressures greater than 25 psi at 68*F.

Answer 74

Pressure tank cars

Question 75

Per the ERG, the initial isolation zone for a pressure tank car involved in fire is one mile.

Answer 75

one mile

Question 76

Per the ERG, the initial isolation zone for a cryogenic liquid tank car is 1/2 mile.

Answer 76

1/2 mile

Question 77

Low pressure tank cars transport hazardous and nonhazardous solids and liquids with vapor pressures below 25 psi at 105*F to 115*F.

Answer 77

25 psi

Question 78

Tank test pressures for low pressure tank cars are 60 to 100 psi.

Answer 78

60 and 100psi

Question 79

Flammable liquid trains are called High hazard flammable trains. 20 or more tank cars.

Answer 79

High hazard flammable trains

Question 80

Dedicated tank cars may have the name of that material painted on the car.

Answer 80

Dedicated tank cars

Question 81

The Capacity Stencil shows the volume of the tank car tank.

Answer 81

Capacity Stencil

Question 82

Specification markings will be on the opposite end of the tank from the reporting marks.

Answer 82

Specification markings

Question 83

Intermodal container - Freight containers designed and constructed to be used interchangeably in two or more modes of transport.

Answer 83

Intermodal container

Question 84

Pressure intermodal tank container is a Spec. 51, internationally know as IMO type 5.

Answer 84

Spec. 51, 5

Question 85

IMO type 7 intermodals transport cryogenic materials.

Answer 85

7

Question 86

Ton containers are pressure tanks that have capacities of 1 short ton or approximately 2,000 pounds.

Answer 86

2,000 pounds

Question 87

Ton containers may have pressure relief devices or fusible plugs in case of fire or exposure to elevated temps.

Answer 87

fusible plugs

Question 88

Ton containers have one valve connected to the vapor space and one valve connected to the liquid space.

Answer 88

Ton

Question 89

Structural FF gear does not provide adequate protection against the hazardous materials commonly stored in Ton containers.

Answer 89

Ton containers

Question 90

A typical Y ton container will have a specification such as DOT/TC 3AA-2400 or DOT/TC 3AA-480.

Answer 90

Y

Question 91

Expected packagings are only used to transport materials with low levels of radioactivity that present no risk to the public or environment.

Answer 91

Expected packagings

Question 92

Industrial packages contain materials that present a limited hazard to the public and the environment.

Answer 92

Industrial packages

Question 93

Type A - This container design protects its contents and maintains sufficient shielding under conditions normally encountered during transportation.

Answer 93

Type A

Question 94

Type B - These packages must not only demonstrate their ability to withstand tests simulating normal shipping conditions, but they must also withstand severe accident conditions without releasing their contents.

Answer 94

Type B

Question 95

Type C - These are rare packages used for high activity materials transported by aircraft.

Answer 95

Type C

Question 96

According to PHMSA, as of the year 2015 there are over 2.5 million miles of pipelines in North America.

Answer 96

2.5 million

Question 97

A single pipeline may carry more than one type of product, separated by a pipeline pig.

Answer 97

pipeline pig

Question 98

Emergency responders can view the transmission pipelines in their area via the National pipeline mapping system, available online.

Answer 98

National pipeline mapping system

Question 99

Establishing good communication and cooperation with pipeline operators before an emergency occurs is an important element of emergency response preparedness.

Answer 99

communication, cooperation

Question 100

General considerations for responding to a pipeline emergency are provided on pages 23-25 of the 2016 ERG.

Answer 100

23-25

Question 101

Per the U.S. DOT, an intermediate bulk container is either rigid or flexible portable packaging designed for mechanical handling.

Answer 101

mechanical handling

Question 102

IBCs are divided into two types: flexible IBC, rigid IBC

Answer 102

flexible IBC, rigid IBC

Question 103

A common sized supersack can carry the equivalent of four to five 55 gallon drums.

Answer 103

55 gallon