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Hazmat > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Emergency decontamination should be established at all hazmat incidents.

A

Emergency

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2
Q

direct contamination - when there is contact with the source of contamination.

A

direct contamination

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3
Q

cross contamination - when contamination occurs without contacting the direct source.

A

cross contamination

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4
Q

Contaminate hazards vary depending on the material involved, but may be divided into the following types: chemical, physical, or biological.

A

biological

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5
Q

Radiological contamination is sometimes divided into: loose surface, fixed, airborne.

A

airborne

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6
Q

Externally, alpha contamination is relatively harmless and easy to protect against using appropriate ppe whereas internal contamination with alpha emitting material is much more dangerous.

A

alpha

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7
Q

At high levels, Beta contamination can present a hazard to the skin and lens of the eye and is also dangerous when deposited internally.

A

Beta

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8
Q

Gross decon - Decon phase where surface contamination is reduced as quickly as possible.

A

Gross decon

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9
Q

Emergency decon - Decon to remove the threatening contaminant from the victim as quickly as possible without regard for the environment or property protection.

A

Emergency decon

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10
Q

Technical decon - Decon using chemical or physical methods to thoroughly remove contaminants from responders and their equipment.

A

Technical decon

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11
Q

Mass decon - Decon of large numbers of people in the fastest possible time to reduce surface contamination to a safe level.

A

Mass decon

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12
Q

Decontamination also provides victims with psychological reassurance.

A

psychological reassurance

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13
Q

Decon methods can be divided into four broad categories: wet or dry methods and physical and chemical methods.

A

physical and chemical

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14
Q

Disposal of runoff water and residue from decon operations must be properly accomplished in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

A

laws and regulations.

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15
Q

Dry materials can also be used to remove liquid chemicals by absorption.

A

absorption

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16
Q

Dry decon can be conducted using sorbent powders or similar materials.

A

sorbent

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17
Q

Physical methods of decon remove the contaminant from contaminated person without changing the material chemically.

A

Physical

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18
Q

Chemical methods are used to make the contaminant less harmful by changing it through some kind of chemical process.

A

Chemical

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19
Q

Because of increased awareness of firefighters cancer risk, gross decon is now recommended at all emergency incidents involving exposure to potentially hazardous substances, including the toxic products of combustion.

A

gross

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20
Q

One advantage of gross decon is that it is conducted in the field, so the reduction of contaminants is immediate.

A

immediate

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21
Q

gross decon is a phase of decon where significant reduction of the amount of surface contamination takes place as quickly as possible.

A

gross

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22
Q

Technical decon uses chemical or physical methods to thoroughly remove or neutralize contaminants.

A

neutralize

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23
Q

In all types of decon, monitoring should be conducted to determine whether decon operations are effective.

A

monitoring

24
Q

In absorption, liquid contaminants are absorbed into an absorbent.

A

absorption

25
Q

In adsorption, contaminants are bound to the surface of an adsorbent such as charcoal or carbon.

A

adsorption

26
Q

Brushing and scraping is used to remove large particles before other types of decon are employed

A

brushing and scraping

27
Q

The process of chemical degradation uses a material to change the chemical structure of a hazardous material.

A

degradation

28
Q

Evaporation is used for decon of gaseous materials such as ammonia or other materials with high vapor pressures.

A

Evaporation

29
Q

Neutralization changes the pH of a corrosive, raising or lowering it towards 7 on the pH scale.

A

Neutralization

not to be performed on living tissue

30
Q

Sanitization - Reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level.

A

Sanitization

31
Q

Kills most of the microorganisms present, In a decon setting, a variety of chemical or antiseptic products may be used to accomplish Disinfection.

A

Disinfection

32
Q

Kills all microorganisms present. Sterilization is normally accomplished with chemicals, steam, heat, or radiation.

A

Sterilization

33
Q

Solidification is not used for personnel decontamination.

A

Solidification

34
Q

Emergency responders should not overlook existing facilities when identifying means for rapid decon methods.

A

existing facilities

35
Q

For example, with some radiological and biological agents, clothing should be dampened before removal ahead of showering to limit the potential of aerosolizing the agents.

A

aerosolizing

36
Q

Ambulatory victims should be directed to an area of safe refuge within the isolation perimeter to await prioritization for decon.

A

safe refuge

37
Q

For example, after skin contact with nerve agents, industrial chemical agents, and vesicants, emergency decon should be conducted immediatley.

A

emergency

38
Q

Ambulatory victims showing signs of contamination or symptoms of exposure to chemical agents should be directed to undergo emergency decon.

A

emergency

39
Q

The decon process for nonambulatory victims at mass casualty incidents will be more of gross decon process, conducted quickly.

A

gross

40
Q

In most cases where emergency decon and mass decon are needed, dilution is the solution.

A

dilution

41
Q

Victim management activities in an incident requiring decontamination include: triage and handling deceased victims

A

triage and handling deceased victims

42
Q

Prioritization of victims can be done using medical triage systems such as start.

A

start

43
Q

In most instances, triage will be conducted in the cold zone after decon has been performed.

A

triage

44
Q

Procedures for conducting triage victims should be predetermined within the local emergency response plan.

A

local emergency response plan

45
Q

Responders must consider ethical issues when removing the deceased and handle them with the utmost level of respect and dignity.

A

ethical issues

46
Q

Victims may be traumatized, so communication must be clear and easily understood.

A

communication

47
Q

In mass decon situations, you will wear whatever ppe you have available when you arrive on the scene.

A

mass

48
Q

In technical decon situations where the hazardous material has been identified, use NIOSH guides and manufacturer’s recommendations to determine appropriate chemical protective clothing and respiratory protection.

A

NIOSH

49
Q

Covers or sheeting should be used to form the technical decontamination corridor regardless of whether the surface is porous.

A

Covers or sheeting

50
Q

Responders should establish the decon corridor before performing any work in the hot zone.

A

before

51
Q

All bags that contain contaminated clothing should remain in the warm zone on the dirty side of the decon line.

A

dirty

52
Q

Individuals who have been exposed to chemical agents should undergo emergency decon immediately, regardless of ambient temps.

A

ambient temps

53
Q

When evidence passes through the decon corridor, chain of custody must be documented per AHJ procedures.

A

chain of custody

54
Q

Tools and equipment will normally need to be stored in the decon area until the emergency phase of the operation is completed.

A

emergency phase

55
Q

After concluding decon activities, a debriefing needs to be held as soon as its practical for those involved in the incident.

A

debriefing

56
Q

The activity log may be preformatted and must document the chronology of the events and activities that occurred during the incident and decon procedure.

A

activity log

57
Q

In the U.S. OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.1020 should be followed as a guide for requirements involving medical records and maintaining exposure reports.

A

1910.1020

Hazmat (15 decks)

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