Chapter 2 Flashcards
Awareness level personnel and first responders must be able to analyze all incidents in order to detect and identify the presence of Hazardous materials.
Hazardous materials
Incidents involving hazmat can be controlled only when the personnel involved have sufficient information to make informed decisions.
informed decisions
Conducting preincident surveys and being familiar with local emergency response plans can simplify and reduce on-site decisions.
preincident surveys
Preplanning reduces oversights, confusion and effort duplication, and it results in a desirable outcome.
Preplanning
Planning is an ongoing process that includes reviewing surveys and updating them regularly.
Planning
The presence of fume hood exhaust stacks on the roof or exterior of a building is a good indicator that hazardous materials are used inside.
fume hood exhaust
Any building with a fume hood exhaust stack on the roof, probably has a functioning laboratory inside.
fume hood exhaust stack
Each transportation mode has particular locations where accidents may occur more frequently.
transportation mode
Occupancies in low-lying areas that may be affected by flood conditions must have a contingency plan to isolate and protect hazardous materials.
contingency plan
Locations that experience more transportation accidents in general, such as railway bridges and trestles , are also more likely to be involved in hazmat incidents.
trestles
A containers shape can tell first responders a great deal about the hazardous materials that might be inside.
containers shape
Bulk packaging refers to a packaging, other than that on a vessel or barge, in which materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment.
Bulk packaging
Nonbulk packaging is smaller than the minimum criteria established in bulk packaging.
Nonbulk packaging
Composite packages are a form of nonbulk packaging.
Composite packages
Compressed gas cylinders are pressure containers, designed to hold product under pressure.
under pressure
There is a danger of BLEVE whenever pressurized containers are exposed to heat during an incident, even if the contents of the container are not flammable.
BLEVE
A gas will expand rapidly when it is released into the environment because of a container rupture or failure.
rupture or failure.
Gas that is converted into liquid by being cooled below -130*F.
Cryogen
Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials.
Oxidizer
When released, cryogens may transition from a liquid state to a vapor state.
vapor state
Pressure containers can often be identified by their rounded ends.
rounded ends
First responders could look for bolted protective housings to help with their identification of pressure containers.
identification
A bolted manway can be an identifying characteristic of a pressure container.
bolted manway
Many liquid containers will have some pressure due to the liquid’s chemical and physical properties but these pressures will be lower than pressure containers.
chemical and physical properties
Cryogenic containers might be attached to box-like loading and unloading stations to make them easier to transport.
box-like
Hazardous solids may be dusts, powders, or small particles.
small particles
A powder pesticide is an example of a potentially toxic solid.
toxic solid
Boric acid and sodium hydroxide are corrosive solids.
sodium hydroxide
Dynamite is an energy releasing solid.
Dynamite
Calcium carbide is a reactive material that, when in contact with moisture, will release a flammable gas.
reactive
Small, airborne particles that burn can be dangerous if ignited in an enclosed location, causing a dust explosion.
dust explosion
First responders should be aware that liquid containers can have many identifying features, such as horseshoe shape, flat ends, and being stacked on top of each other , to list a few.
stacked on top of each other
The packaging used to transport radioactive materials is determined by the activity, type, and form of the material to be shipped
activity
Excepted packaging is only used to transport materials with extremely low levels of radioactivity that present no risk to the public or environment.
Excepted
Container that retains and protects the contents during normal transportation activities such as laboratory samples and smoke detectors.
Industrial
Packages that must demonstrate their ability to withstand a series of tests without releasing their contents.
type A
Packages must demonstrate their ability to withstand tests simulating normal shipping conditions, and they must also withstand severe accident conditions without releasing their contents.
Type B
Very rare packages used for high-activity materials transported by aircraft.
Type C
Many hazardous materials, particularly petroleum varieties, are transported across both the U.S. and Canada in Underground pipelines.
Underground pipelines