Chapter 2 Flashcards
Awareness level personnel and first responders must be able to analyze all incidents in order to detect and identify the presence of Hazardous materials.
Hazardous materials
Incidents involving hazmat can be controlled only when the personnel involved have sufficient information to make informed decisions.
informed decisions
Conducting preincident surveys and being familiar with local emergency response plans can simplify and reduce on-site decisions.
preincident surveys
Preplanning reduces oversights, confusion and effort duplication, and it results in a desirable outcome.
Preplanning
Planning is an ongoing process that includes reviewing surveys and updating them regularly.
Planning
The presence of fume hood exhaust stacks on the roof or exterior of a building is a good indicator that hazardous materials are used inside.
fume hood exhaust
Any building with a fume hood exhaust stack on the roof, probably has a functioning laboratory inside.
fume hood exhaust stack
Each transportation mode has particular locations where accidents may occur more frequently.
transportation mode
Occupancies in low-lying areas that may be affected by flood conditions must have a contingency plan to isolate and protect hazardous materials.
contingency plan
Locations that experience more transportation accidents in general, such as railway bridges and trestles , are also more likely to be involved in hazmat incidents.
trestles
A containers shape can tell first responders a great deal about the hazardous materials that might be inside.
containers shape
Bulk packaging refers to a packaging, other than that on a vessel or barge, in which materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment.
Bulk packaging
Nonbulk packaging is smaller than the minimum criteria established in bulk packaging.
Nonbulk packaging
Composite packages are a form of nonbulk packaging.
Composite packages
Compressed gas cylinders are pressure containers, designed to hold product under pressure.
under pressure
There is a danger of BLEVE whenever pressurized containers are exposed to heat during an incident, even if the contents of the container are not flammable.
BLEVE
A gas will expand rapidly when it is released into the environment because of a container rupture or failure.
rupture or failure.
Gas that is converted into liquid by being cooled below -130*F.
Cryogen
Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials.
Oxidizer
When released, cryogens may transition from a liquid state to a vapor state.
vapor state
Pressure containers can often be identified by their rounded ends.
rounded ends
First responders could look for bolted protective housings to help with their identification of pressure containers.
identification
A bolted manway can be an identifying characteristic of a pressure container.
bolted manway
Many liquid containers will have some pressure due to the liquid’s chemical and physical properties but these pressures will be lower than pressure containers.
chemical and physical properties
Cryogenic containers might be attached to box-like loading and unloading stations to make them easier to transport.
box-like
Hazardous solids may be dusts, powders, or small particles.
small particles
A powder pesticide is an example of a potentially toxic solid.
toxic solid
Boric acid and sodium hydroxide are corrosive solids.
sodium hydroxide
Dynamite is an energy releasing solid.
Dynamite
Calcium carbide is a reactive material that, when in contact with moisture, will release a flammable gas.
reactive
Small, airborne particles that burn can be dangerous if ignited in an enclosed location, causing a dust explosion.
dust explosion
First responders should be aware that liquid containers can have many identifying features, such as horseshoe shape, flat ends, and being stacked on top of each other , to list a few.
stacked on top of each other
The packaging used to transport radioactive materials is determined by the activity, type, and form of the material to be shipped
activity
Excepted packaging is only used to transport materials with extremely low levels of radioactivity that present no risk to the public or environment.
Excepted
Container that retains and protects the contents during normal transportation activities such as laboratory samples and smoke detectors.
Industrial
Packages that must demonstrate their ability to withstand a series of tests without releasing their contents.
type A
Packages must demonstrate their ability to withstand tests simulating normal shipping conditions, and they must also withstand severe accident conditions without releasing their contents.
Type B
Very rare packages used for high-activity materials transported by aircraft.
Type C
Many hazardous materials, particularly petroleum varieties, are transported across both the U.S. and Canada in Underground pipelines.
Underground pipelines
Type B packages are designed to withstand severe accident conditions.
Type B
Pipeline markers in the U.S. and Canada include Signal words , information describing the transported commodity, and the name and emergency telephone number of the carrier.
Signal words
Marine vessels transport over ninety percent of the world’s cargo, and that amount is expected to increase in the future.
ninety percent
Tankers, which can transport large quantities of liquid products, come in three types: petroleum carriers, chemical carriers, and liquified flammable gas carriers.
Tankers
Roll-on/roll-off vessels have large stern and side ramp structures that are lowered to allow vehicles to be driven on and off the vessel.
Roll- on/roll-off
Unit loading devices are containers and aircraft pallets used to consolidate air cargo into a single, transportable unit.
aircraft pallets
Generally speaking, transportation labels are designed for nonbulk packaging, whereas transportation placards are designed for bulk packages.
labels, placards
Four inch square diamond shaped marker required by federal regulations on individual shipping containers that contain hazardous materials, and are smaller than 640 cubic feet.
Label
Diamond shaped sign that is affixed to each side of a structure or a vehicle transporting hazardous materials to inform responders of fire hazards, life hazards, special hazards, and reactivity potential.
Placard
Class 1
Explosives
Class 2
Gases
Class 3
Flammable liquids
Class 4
Flammable solids
Class 5
Oxidizers and organic peroxides
Class 6
Toxic and infectious substances
Class 7
Radioactive Materials
Class 8
Corrosive Substances
Class 9
Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles
The ERG provides a key to the four digit identification numbers in the yellow bordered section.
yellow bordered
A material’s hazard class is indicated either by its class number or name.
name
A placard is not required for shipments of infections substances, other regulated materials for domestic transport only.
infections substances
The hazard class or division number corresponding to the primary or subsidiary hazard class of a material must be displayed in the lower corner of a placard.
lower corner
The dangerous placard is for mixed loads where the transport vehicle contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories of hazardous materials that require different placards.
dangerous
Other than class 7 or the dangerous placard, text indicating a hazard is not required.
7
Text may be omitted from the Oxygen placard only if the specific ID number is displayed.
Oxygen
Containers may have placards even though they appear empty until they are certified as clean.
clean
Labels are 3.9 inch square on point diamonds, which may or may not have written text within the packaging.
3.9
Class 7 Radioactive labels must always contain text.
Radioactive labels
A marking is a descriptive name, an identification number, a weight, or a specification and includes instructions, cautions, or U.N. marks required on the outer packaging of hazardous materials.
marking
Elevated temperature materials, such as molten sulfur and molten aluminum, can present a thermal hazard in the form of heat.
Elevated temperature materials
Material that when offered for transportation or transported in bulk packaging is in a liquid phase and at temperatures at or above 212*f.
Elevated temperature materials.
Materials marked as hot are being transported at an elevated temperature and should be treated as burn hazards.
hot
A Y marked package meeting the requirements for transport by air may be transported by all modes.
Y marked
The information in NFPA 704 , standard system for the identification of the hazards of materials for emergency response, gives a widely recognized method for indicating the presence of hazardous materials at commercial, manufacturing, institutional, and other fixed storage facilities.
NFPA 704
The health rating is in the blue background, the flammability hazard rating is positioned on the red background, and the instability hazard rating appears on the yellow background.
yellow background
OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard requires employers to identify hazards in the workplace and train employees how to recognize those hazards.
Hazard Communication Standard
Number assigned by the American Chemical Society’s Chemical Abstract Service that uniquely identifies a specific compound
CAS number
The EPA regulates the manufacture and labeling of pesticides.
EPA
Phrase assigned to each hazard category that describes the nature of the hazard.
Hazard statements
A symbol inside a diamond with a red border, denoting a particular hazard class such as acute toxicity/lethality, and skin irritation/corrosion.
Pictogram
Inert materials in pesticides may be more toxic or flammable than the pesticide itself.
Inert
The EPA requires a warning label on any containers, transformers, or capacitors that contain polychlorinated biphenyl, which is considered hazardous because it may cause Cancer.
Cancer
The international organization for standardization defines the design criteria for international safety signs in their standard, ISO-3864.
ISO-3864
Even if a DOT placard is too far away to clearly read the number, a first responder can deduce that the material inside is some kind of oxidizer if the placard background color is yellow.
oxidizer
Hazardous waste shipments must be accompanied by a Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest document that is typically attached to the shipping papers.
Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest
Every railroad car is marked with an identifying mark that works as a serial number to identify the car independently of every other. This number on a railcar is known as the Reporting Mark.
Reporting Mark
Railroads and railroad paperwork also use standard transportation commodity code numbers to identify chemicals. These are a seven digit number. If the seven digit number starts with 48, it is a hazardous waste, If it starts with 49, its a hazardous material.
hazardous waste, hazardous material
A Safety data sheet is a detailed information bulletin prepared by a chemicals manufacturer or importer that provides specific information about the product.
Safety data sheet
The ERG will help you identify the materials specific or generic hazards, and it will also provide you with basic guidance on how to protect yourself and the general public during the incident’s initial response phase.
initial response phase
The Hazard Communication Standard requires U.S. employers to maintain Chemical inventory list of all their hazardous substances.
Chemical inventory list
If container markings have been damaged in a fixed facility incident, the chemical inventory list may help technicians identify the product.
chemical inventory list
Cameo is a system of software applications that helps emergency responders develop safe response plans.
response plans
Hydrogen sulfide and certain other chemicals may cause Olfactory fatigue.
Olfactory fatigue
You should be aware of visual/physical chemical indicators that provide tangible evidence that hazardous materials are present.
visual/physical
Physical actions are processes that do not change the elemental composition of the materials involved.
Physical actions
Spreading smoke or a vapor cloud is a visual indicator that a chemical reaction is taking place.
visual indicator
Doubling a number indicates an intensification of that particular hazard.
Doubling
A hazard identification code prefixed by the letter X indicates that the material will react dangerously with water.
X
When a 9 appears as a second or third digit, this may present a risk of spontaneous violent reaction.
9
