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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of joint:

no movement allowed, extremely strong.

A

synarthrosis

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2
Q

examples of synarthrosis:

located between bones of the skull

A

suture

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3
Q

examples of synarthrosis:

binding teeth to bony sockets

A

gomophosis

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4
Q

examples of synarthrosis:

a rigid, cartilages bridge between two articulating bones

A

synchondrois

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5
Q

examples of synarthrosis:

formed when bones fuse

A

synostosis

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6
Q

Classification of joint:
little movement allowed, much stonier then diarthrosis, articulating bones connected by collagen fibers or cartilage.

examples: distal joint between tibia and fibula, joint between pubic bones

A

Amphiarthrosis

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7
Q

Example of amphiarthrosis:

amphiarthotic joint with bones connected by a ligament

A

syndesmosis

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8
Q

Classification of joints:
freely movable

examples: ends of long bones

A

diarthrosis

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9
Q

examples of diarthosis:

moveable joints

A

synovial

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10
Q

Components of a synovial joint:

A
  1. articular carilage
  2. joint capulse
  3. synovial membrane and fluid
  4. accessory structures
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11
Q

covers the bones, lubricated by synovial fluid to reduce friction

A

articular cartilage

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12
Q

sac enclosing the articular ends of the bones in a joint. reinforced with accessory structures. continuous with the periosteum of each bone. adds strength and mobility to joint

A

joint capsule

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13
Q

lines the interior of the joint capsule, secretes synovial fluid into the joint cavity

A

synovial membrane and fluid

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14
Q

functions of synovial fluid

A
  1. lubrication
  2. nutrient distribution
  3. shock absorption
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15
Q

muscle to bone, help support joint and may limit ROM but are not part of the joint

A

tendon

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16
Q

fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones in a synovial joint

A

meniscus

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17
Q

a pouch or pocket of synovial fluid

A

bursae

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18
Q

bone to bone, support and strengthen joints

A

ligaments

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19
Q

occurs when ligaments have torn collagen fibers

A

sprain

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20
Q

Greater ROM results in ______ joint

A

weaker

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21
Q

The strongest joints are ________ and they have no movement

A

synarthroses

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22
Q

The weakest joints are __________ and they have the most movement

A

diarthroses

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23
Q

movement beyond normal ROM. Articulating surfaces forced out of position. images joints structures.

A

dislocation

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24
Q

a partial dislocation

A

subluxation

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25
Q

angle between elements is decreased

A

flexion

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26
Q

angle between elements is increased

A

extension

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27
Q

extention past anatomical position

A

hyperextension

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28
Q

Refers to the bending the vertebral column to the side. turning neck to the side

A

lateral flexion

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29
Q

upward movement of the foot

A

dorsiflexion

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30
Q

movement extending the ankle

A

plantar flexion

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31
Q

moves away from midline

A

abduction

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32
Q

moves toward midline

A

adduction

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33
Q

rotates inward the long axis

A

medial rotation

34
Q

rotates outward the long axis

A

lateral flexion

35
Q

thumb movement towards fingers or palm

A

opposition

36
Q

twist sole of foot inward

A

inversion

37
Q

twist sole of foot outward

A

eversion

38
Q

moving anteriorly

A

retraction

39
Q

moving posteriorly

A

protraction

40
Q

moves superiorly

A

elevation

41
Q

moves inferiorly

A

depression

42
Q

type of joint:

angular motion in a single plane

A

hinge joint

43
Q

type of joint:

permits rotation

A

pivot joint

44
Q

What type of joint is a elbow

A

hinge

45
Q

what type of joint is a proximal radioulnar joint

A

pivot

46
Q

What type of joint is a shoulder

A

ball and socket

47
Q

Pads of fibrocartilage, tough outer rings attaches to disc of vertebrae

A

intervertebral disc

48
Q

soft elastic gelatinous core, absorbs shock

A

nucleus pulposus

49
Q

connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae

A

Ligamentum flavum

50
Q

connects posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies

A

posterior longitude ligament

51
Q

connects spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

A

interspinous ligament

52
Q

connects tips of spinous processes from the sacrum to C&

A

supraspinous ligament

53
Q

extends from C& to base of skull

A

ligamentum nuchae

54
Q

connects anterior surfaces to adjacent vertebral bodies

A

anterior longtidual ligament

55
Q

caused by: weakened posterior longitude ligament

bulge in annulus fibrous

invades vertebral canal

A

bulging discs

56
Q

nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrous. presses on spinal cord or nerves

A

herniated disc

57
Q

inadequate ossification leading to loss of bone mass. often occurs with age, beginning between ages 30 and 40. More severe in women than men.

A

Osteopenia

58
Q

bone loss sufficient to affect normal function

A

osteoporosis

59
Q

The loss of bone mass and reduced cushioning of intervertebral discs can lead to an increasing incidence of _______ _______ in the elderly

A

vertebral fractures

60
Q

Allows more motion than any other joints, the least stable, ball and socket, between the head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula

A

the shoulder joint

61
Q

the glenoid labrum deepens the socket of the

A

glenoid cavity

62
Q

study ball and socket, permits flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

A

hip joint

63
Q

the hip joint has articulation between the

A

head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone

64
Q

A stable hinge joint between humerus, radius, and ulna

A

elbow joint

65
Q

captilum of humerus and head of radius

A

humeroradial joint

66
Q

trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna

A

humeroulanr joint

67
Q

partial dislocation of the radial head from annular ligament

A

nursemaids elbow

68
Q

hinge joint, transfer weight from femur to tibia

A

knee joint

69
Q

the knee joint has articulation between the

A

patella and the patellar surface of the femur

70
Q

The fibula is not part of the

A

knee joint

71
Q

continues as patellar ligaments to anterior to tibial surface

A

quadriceps tendon

72
Q

anterior: between patella and tibial tuberosity

A

patellar ligament

73
Q

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament

A

MCL

74
Q

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

A

LCL

75
Q

general term indicating pain and stiffness the bones or muscles

A

rheumatism

76
Q

all forms of rheumatism that image articular cartilages synovial joints. always involves damage to the articular cartage

A

arthritis

77
Q

caused by: cumulative effects if wear and tear on joints. genetic factors affecting collagen formation..
generally found in people over 60.

A

osteoarthritis

78
Q

an inflammatory condition. caused by: infection, allergy, autoimmune disease. involves the immune system

A

rheumatoid arhtritis

79
Q

occurs when crystals form within the synovial fluid due to metabolic disorders

A

gouty arthritis

80
Q

What is CPM therapy?

A

continuous passive motion

81
Q

What happens to the bones with aging?

A
  1. bone mass decreases
  2. bones weaken
  3. increases the risk of hip fracture, hip dislocation, pelvic dislocation.

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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