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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of joint:

no movement allowed, extremely strong.

A

synarthrosis

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2
Q

examples of synarthrosis:

located between bones of the skull

A

suture

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3
Q

examples of synarthrosis:

binding teeth to bony sockets

A

gomophosis

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4
Q

examples of synarthrosis:

a rigid, cartilages bridge between two articulating bones

A

synchondrois

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5
Q

examples of synarthrosis:

formed when bones fuse

A

synostosis

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6
Q

Classification of joint:
little movement allowed, much stonier then diarthrosis, articulating bones connected by collagen fibers or cartilage.

examples: distal joint between tibia and fibula, joint between pubic bones

A

Amphiarthrosis

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7
Q

Example of amphiarthrosis:

amphiarthotic joint with bones connected by a ligament

A

syndesmosis

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8
Q

Classification of joints:
freely movable

examples: ends of long bones

A

diarthrosis

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9
Q

examples of diarthosis:

moveable joints

A

synovial

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10
Q

Components of a synovial joint:

A
  1. articular carilage
  2. joint capulse
  3. synovial membrane and fluid
  4. accessory structures
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11
Q

covers the bones, lubricated by synovial fluid to reduce friction

A

articular cartilage

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12
Q

sac enclosing the articular ends of the bones in a joint. reinforced with accessory structures. continuous with the periosteum of each bone. adds strength and mobility to joint

A

joint capsule

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13
Q

lines the interior of the joint capsule, secretes synovial fluid into the joint cavity

A

synovial membrane and fluid

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14
Q

functions of synovial fluid

A
  1. lubrication
  2. nutrient distribution
  3. shock absorption
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15
Q

muscle to bone, help support joint and may limit ROM but are not part of the joint

A

tendon

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16
Q

fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones in a synovial joint

A

meniscus

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17
Q

a pouch or pocket of synovial fluid

A

bursae

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18
Q

bone to bone, support and strengthen joints

A

ligaments

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19
Q

occurs when ligaments have torn collagen fibers

A

sprain

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20
Q

Greater ROM results in ______ joint

A

weaker

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21
Q

The strongest joints are ________ and they have no movement

A

synarthroses

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22
Q

The weakest joints are __________ and they have the most movement

A

diarthroses

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23
Q

movement beyond normal ROM. Articulating surfaces forced out of position. images joints structures.

A

dislocation

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24
Q

a partial dislocation

A

subluxation

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25
angle between elements is decreased
flexion
26
angle between elements is increased
extension
27
extention past anatomical position
hyperextension
28
Refers to the bending the vertebral column to the side. turning neck to the side
lateral flexion
29
upward movement of the foot
dorsiflexion
30
movement extending the ankle
plantar flexion
31
moves away from midline
abduction
32
moves toward midline
adduction
33
rotates inward the long axis
medial rotation
34
rotates outward the long axis
lateral flexion
35
thumb movement towards fingers or palm
opposition
36
twist sole of foot inward
inversion
37
twist sole of foot outward
eversion
38
moving anteriorly
retraction
39
moving posteriorly
protraction
40
moves superiorly
elevation
41
moves inferiorly
depression
42
type of joint: | angular motion in a single plane
hinge joint
43
type of joint: | permits rotation
pivot joint
44
What type of joint is a elbow
hinge
45
what type of joint is a proximal radioulnar joint
pivot
46
What type of joint is a shoulder
ball and socket
47
Pads of fibrocartilage, tough outer rings attaches to disc of vertebrae
intervertebral disc
48
soft elastic gelatinous core, absorbs shock
nucleus pulposus
49
connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae
Ligamentum flavum
50
connects posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies
posterior longitude ligament
51
connects spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
interspinous ligament
52
connects tips of spinous processes from the sacrum to C&
supraspinous ligament
53
extends from C& to base of skull
ligamentum nuchae
54
connects anterior surfaces to adjacent vertebral bodies
anterior longtidual ligament
55
caused by: weakened posterior longitude ligament bulge in annulus fibrous invades vertebral canal
bulging discs
56
nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrous. presses on spinal cord or nerves
herniated disc
57
inadequate ossification leading to loss of bone mass. often occurs with age, beginning between ages 30 and 40. More severe in women than men.
Osteopenia
58
bone loss sufficient to affect normal function
osteoporosis
59
The loss of bone mass and reduced cushioning of intervertebral discs can lead to an increasing incidence of _______ _______ in the elderly
vertebral fractures
60
Allows more motion than any other joints, the least stable, ball and socket, between the head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
the shoulder joint
61
the glenoid labrum deepens the socket of the
glenoid cavity
62
study ball and socket, permits flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
hip joint
63
the hip joint has articulation between the
head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone
64
A stable hinge joint between humerus, radius, and ulna
elbow joint
65
captilum of humerus and head of radius
humeroradial joint
66
trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna
humeroulanr joint
67
partial dislocation of the radial head from annular ligament
nursemaids elbow
68
hinge joint, transfer weight from femur to tibia
knee joint
69
the knee joint has articulation between the
patella and the patellar surface of the femur
70
The fibula is not part of the
knee joint
71
continues as patellar ligaments to anterior to tibial surface
quadriceps tendon
72
anterior: between patella and tibial tuberosity
patellar ligament
73
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
MCL
74
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
LCL
75
general term indicating pain and stiffness the bones or muscles
rheumatism
76
all forms of rheumatism that image articular cartilages synovial joints. always involves damage to the articular cartage
arthritis
77
caused by: cumulative effects if wear and tear on joints. genetic factors affecting collagen formation.. generally found in people over 60.
osteoarthritis
78
an inflammatory condition. caused by: infection, allergy, autoimmune disease. involves the immune system
rheumatoid arhtritis
79
occurs when crystals form within the synovial fluid due to metabolic disorders
gouty arthritis
80
What is CPM therapy?
continuous passive motion
81
What happens to the bones with aging?
1. bone mass decreases 2. bones weaken 3. increases the risk of hip fracture, hip dislocation, pelvic dislocation.

Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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