Chapter 10 Flashcards
1
Q
Classification of Skeletal muscles based on orientation of _________
A
fascicles
2
Q
What are the 4 patterns of muscles?
A
- parallel muscles
- convergent muscles
- pennate muscles
- circular muscles
3
Q
Mechanically each bone is a _______, each joint is a __________.
A
lever and fulcrum
4
Q
Muscles provide the ________ _______ required to overcome load.
A
applied force
5
Q
a rigid structure that moves when force applied overcomes the load
A
lever
6
Q
a fixed point on which lever pivots
A
fulcrum
7
Q
What class:
Seasaw or pry bar.
Head bending forward at neck.
F between AF and L
A
First Class
8
Q
What class:
wheelbarrow
ankle-moving into plantar flexion.
L is between AF and F
A
Second Class
9
Q
What class:
tongs or catapult.
elbow- when doing flexion.
AF is applied between L and F
A
Third class
10
Q
What is the most common class in the body?
A
third class
11
Q
Where the fixed end of a skeletal muscle attaches. Typically proximal to the insertion in anatomical position
A
origin
12
Q
Where the movable end of a skeletal muscle attaches
A
insertion
13
Q
the movement produced by a skeletal muscle
A
action
14
Q
example of muscle action:
A
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
15
Q
muscles work in groups to __________ efficiency.
A
maximize
16
Q
muscle whose contractions is mostly responsible for producing the movement
A
agonist
17
Q
examples of agonist
A
biceps brachii- elbow flexion
18
Q
muscle that helps larger agonist work efficiently. may provide additional pull or stabilize origin.
A
synergist
19
Q
example of synergist
A
brachioradialis for elbow flexion
20
Q
synergist that assist by preventing movement at another joint
A
fixators
21
Q
muscle whose action opposes a particular agonist.
A
antagonist
22
Q
example of antagonist
A
triceps brachia for elbow flexion
23
Q
agonist and antagonists work in ______.
A
pairs
24
Q
first part of the name will indicate the ______. second part of name includes _______.
A
origin, insertion
25
position head and spinal column. move rib cage, assist in breathing. 60% of the skeletal muscles in body
axial
26
support pectoral and pelvic griddles. support limbs. remaining 40% of all skeletal muscles. stabilizes or move appendicular skeletal
appendicular
27
What are the 4 major groups of axial muscles?
muscles of the head and neck, vertebrae column, oblique and rectus muscles of trunk, and pelvis
28
Name the Muscle:
used for facial expression
action: constricts the mouth opening. compresses, pursues lips
location: around the mouth
nerve: facial nerve 7
orbicularis oris
29
Name the Muscle:
Used for facial expression.
Action: Moves food around the cheeks. compresses cheeks.
Location: cheek
Nerve: Facial nerve 7 `
Buccinator
30
Name the Muscle:
Used for facial expression
Action: Frontal belly action: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Location: forehead
Nerve: Facial nerve 7
Occiptofrontalis
31
Name the Muscle:
Used for facial expression
Action: Tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible
Location: Covers anterior surface of the neck
Nerve: Facial nerve 7
Platysma
32
Name the Muscle:
Used for facial expression
Action: closes the eye
Location: Around the eye
Nerve: Facial nerve 7
Orbicularis oculi
33
What facial nerve is used for the orbiculares oris?
facial nerve 7
34
What facial nerve is used for the buccinator?
facial nerve 7
35
What facial nerve is used for the occipitofrontalis?
facial nerve 7
36
What facial nerve is used for the platysma?
facial nerve 7
37
What facial nerve is used for the orbiculares oculi?
facial nerve 7
38
Name the eye muscle:
action: eye looks inferior
nerve: oculomotor nerve 3
location: inferior, medial surface of eyeball
inferior rectus
39
Name the eye muscle:
action: eye looks medially
location: medial surface of eyeball
nerve: oculomotor nerve 3
medial rectus
40
Name the eye muscle:
action: eye looks superior
location: superior surface of eyeball
nerve: oculomotor nerve 3
superior rectus
41
Name the eye muscle:
action: eye looks laterally
location: lateral surface of eyeball
nerve: abducens nerve 6
lateral rectus
42
Name the eye muscle:
action: eye rolls, looks superiorly and laterally.
location: inferior, lateral surface of eyeball
nerve: oculomotor nervve 3
inferior oblique
43
Name the eye muscle:
action: eye rolls, looks inferiorly and laterally
location: superior, lateral surface of eyeball
nerve: trochlear nerve 4
superior oblique
44
What nerve is used for the inferior rectus?
oculomotor 3
45
What nerve is used for medial rectus?
oculomotor 3
46
What nerve is used for superior rectus?
oculomotor 3
47
What nerve is used for lateral rectus?
abducens nerve 6
48
What nerve is used for inferior oblique?
oculomotor 3
49
What nerve is responsible for superior oblique?
trochlear nerve 4
50
Name the mastication muscle:
action: elevates mandible, closes jaw
location: zygomatic arch
nerve: trigeminal nerve 5
masseter
51
Name the mastication muscle:
action: elevates mandible
location: temporal line
nerve: trigeminal nerve 5
temporalis
52
What is the nerve used for the masseter?
trigeminal nerve 5
53
What is the nerve used for the temporalis?
trigeminal nerve 5
54
What is the strongest jaw muscle?
the masseter
55
Name the tongue muscle:
action: depresses and protracts the tongue
nerve: hypogossal nerve 12
Genioglossus
56
What nerve is used for the genioglossus?
hypoglossal nerve 12
57
Name the muscle of neck:
action: together they flex the neck. 1 side alone will bend head toward shoulder and turn face to the opposite side
location: from sternum to clavicle to mastoid
nerve: accessory nerve 11 and cervical and spinal nerves C2 and C3
sternocleidomastoid
58
what nerves are responsible for the sternocleoidmastoid?
accessory nerve 11 and cerival and spinal nerves C2 and C3
59
What is the action of the erector spinal muscle group?
extend the spine
60
Spinal extensors as a whole:
erector spinae
61
Semispinalis muscles __________ and ________ the vertebrae
interconnect and stabilize
62
Name the muscle of the vertebral column:
action: extends vertebral column and rotates to opposite side
location: spinous processes of 3rd or 4th superior vertebra
multifidus
63
compresses underlying structures and rotate vertebral column
oblique muscles
64
flex vertebral column and oppose erector spinae
rectus muscles
65
flex the neck
scalenes
66
respiratory movements of the ribs
intercostals
67
name the muscle of the trunk:
action: compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends the spine
location: outer layer
external obliques
68
name the muscles of the trunk:
action: compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends the spine
location: inner layer
internal obliques
69
name the muscle of the trunk:
action: compresses abdomen
location: deepest layer
transversus abdominis
70
name the muscle of the trunk:
action: depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen
location: btw xiphoid process and pubic symphysis
rectus abdominis
71
name the muscle of the trunk:
action: contraction expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominopelvic cavity
location: divides thoracic and abdominal cavities
diaphragm
72
form the perineal region and triangle and urogenital triangle
muscles of the pelvic floor
73
name the muscle of the pectoral griddle:
action: (depends on active region) elevate and depress the scapula. adducts the scapula. elevate clavicle, extension of the neck.
location: covers back and neck to base of the skull
trapezius
74
name the muscle of the pectoral griddle:
action: adducts scapula and elevates scapula
location: medial border of scapula and thoracic vertebrae
rhomboid (major and minor)
75
name the muscle of the pectoral griddle:
action: elevates scapula
location: between scapula and transerve process of cervical vertebrae
levator scapulae
76
name the muscle of the pectoral griddle:
action: scapula abduction and scapula depression
location: originates along ribs inserts in lateral border
serratus anterior
77
name the muscle of the pectoral griddle:
action: scapula abduction and scapula depression
location: attaches to scapula on coracoid process
pectoralis minor
78
name the muscle of the upper extremity movers:
action:
- whole muscle: abduction at shoulder
- anterior portion: shoulder flexion, medial rotation, and horizontal adduction
- posterior portion:shoulder extension and lateral rotation
location: encompasses whole shoulder
deltoid
79
what is the major abductor?
the deltoid
80
name the muscle of the upper extremity movers:
action: assists deltoid. abduction at shoulder
location: under trapezius
supraspinatus (rotator cuff)
81
name the muscle of the upper extremity movers:
action: produce medial rotation at shoulder
location: surface of scapula against the ribs
subscapularis (rotator cuff)
82
the subscapularis shares action with the
teres minor
83
action: produce lateral rotation at shoulder
location: posterior side. below supraspinatus
infraspinatus
84
infraspinatus shares action with
teres minor
85
action: flexion, adduction, horiziontal adduction and medial rotation
location: between anterior chest and greater tubercle of humerus
pectorals major
86
action: shoulder extension, adduction and medial rotation
location: inserts on anterior side of humerus. between thoracic vertebrae and humerus
latissimus dorsi
87
action: flexes elbow, stabilizes shoulder joint. flexion of elbow and shoulder supination
location: originates on scapula and inserts on radial tuberosity
biceps brachii
88
action: elbow flexion
brachioradalis and brachial
89
action: extension of elbow. the long head also helps with shoulder extension and adduction
location: originates on scapula. posterior. inserts on olecranon
triceps brachii
90
what is the extensor retinaculm?
wide band of connective tissue holding the tendons of extensor muscles in place
91
What is the flexor retinaculm?
wide band of connective tissue holding the tendons of the flexor muscles in place
92
caused by inflammation of the flexor retinaculm and synovial tendon sheath
carpal tunnel syndrome
93
carpal tunnel syndrome puts pressure on ________ nerve
median
94
carpal tunnel syndrome will cause tingling, numbness, weakness, pain in ________
wrist/hand
95
action: hip flexion
location: originates on transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
iliopsoas group
96
action: produces extension and lateral rotation at hip
location: largest most posterior gluteal muscle
gluteus maximus
97
action: abduction and medial rotation at hip
location: originates anterior to gluteus maximus. inserts on greater trochanter
gluteus medius
98
action: works with gluteus medius for hip abduction and medial rotation
location: more anterior of gluteus medius
tensor fasciae latae
99
action: lateral rotation and abduction at hip
piriformis
100
action: flexion at the knee, extension at hip
hamstrings
101
action: extension at knee and flexion at hip
location: straight down thigh
rectus femoris
102
action: extend the knee
quadriceps
103
action: plantar flexion at the ankle (2)
gastrocnemius and coleus
104
action: dorsiflexion at ankle, inversion of foot
location: opposes the gastrocnemius. anterior side of tibia
tibalis anterior
105
What is the plantar aponeurosis?
plantar fasciitis
106
Compartment syndrome trauma to climb can cause _______
bleeding
107
Compartment syndrome elevates ________; compressing blood vessels and nerves in that compartment
pressure
108
Compartment syndrome:
| lack of blood flow leads to "____________" or ischemia
blood starvation
109
Compartment syndrome can lead to ___________ or death of the muscle if pressure is not relieved within 2-4 hours
paralysis
110
common name for collection of four muscle and associated tendons that are involved in arm movements such as throwing a ball
rotator cuff
111
what are the four muscles involved in the rotator cuff?
1. supraspinatus
2. infraspinatus
3. teres minor
4. supscapularis
112
wrist extensors =
posterior surface
113
wrist flexors =
anterior surface
114
tubular burst surrounding tendons where they cross bony surfaces
synovial tendon sheaths
